Complex Issues of Indonesian International Labour Migration Dr. - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Complex Issues of Indonesian International Labour Migration

• Dr. Sukamdi, MSc

Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta, Indonesia Sukamdi@ugm.ac.id

The structure of Presentation

• Issues of vulnerability
• Migration and social transformation
• Policy Issues

Issues of vulnerability

• Feminization of migrant workers
• Low educated
• Most of them working in “informal sector”

(domestic worker/unskilled) with the gradual change to more skilled type of job

• Issues on irregular migration (issues of

protection)

Feminization of labour migration

50000 100000 150000 200000 250000 300000 350000 400000 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Male Female

58 % of ILM is female

ILM education

76.86 69.19 68.66 70.15 72.21 68.34 64 66 68 70 72 74 76 78 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Migrants with low education About 70 % of ILM is low educated

• The feminization of migration as the part of a

global process of internationalizing the gender division of reproductive labour

• Informal sector is the easiest opportunity for

low educated women

• Working abroad at any risk !! Including to

involve in undocumented migration

Migrants Vulnerabilities

education Type

• f job

Legal status gender

female, irregular, low educated, and working in informal sector

Migrants and social transformation

• Culture of migration : migration has become

way of life

• Migration as vehicle of social transformation

both in origin and destination area

• Social exclusion : problem of social integration

Pre departure

• Lack of information
• Lack of preparation
• Manipulation

Host Community

• Social exclusion
• Lack of information

Travel

• Travel condition and

mode

• Duration of journey

Return

• Social integration
• Dependent on

migration Issues on reproductive health Eonomic motives

Policy Issues (governance ?)

State (political interest) Private (economic interest) Civil Society (Social interest)

Foreign exchange hero/labour export empowerment Profit

• riented

• Problems of reproductive health have (always)

been neglected in migration policies both in

• rigin and destination countries
• Economy dominates both migrant and

government motives

• As culture of migration emerged, integrated

policy on migration is become very urgent

thank you