ocean acidification On the menu today o Why shall we care about - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Sam Dupont Senior Lecturer, Associate Professor Assistant Professor University of Hong Kong University of Gothenburg A taste of ocean acidification On the menu today o Why shall we care about Ocean Acidification? o What can we
Sam Dupont
Senior Lecturer, Associate Professor University of Gothenburg
杜邦憲
Assistant Professor University of Hong Kong
Doney et al. (2009)
Extinction of 92% of all marine species
O H H C O O O H C O O O H
H pH
Sea water more acidic Sea water more corrosive Decreased carbonate Calcification? [CaCO3]
8.1 7.9
(Dupont et al. 2008)
Time Confidence
1998-2003: Clear and “simple!”
Calcifiers
(Wittmann & Pörtner 2013)
Time Confidence
2004-2010 More nuanced, conflicting results
Open ocean Coastal environment
pH 5.36, ara=0.01
(Tunnicliffe et al. 2009)
Extreme for an organism is home for another
(Van Straalen 2007)
Need to understand the biology of your species
The more you deviate from natural variability, the stronger the impact
Time Confidence
Since 2012 Better understanding
Riebesell and Gattuso (2015) Nature Climate Change
GLOBAL challenges GLOBAL/LOCAL data GLOBAL options: CO2
Scientists are “virtually certain” that global changes will lead to dramatic consequences
Demography CO2 emissions Carbon capture
Social dilemna: Action, acceptance and compliance linked to psychological factors, values, beliefs, norms, policy-specific beliefs, freedom, fairness, effectiveness, personal
trust and reciprocity, etc.
The idea that (...) the science of anthropogenic global warming is controversial is a powerful indicator of the extent of
Tim Minchin
What we have here is a failure to communicate
Jules Winnfield
[e.g. Global changes]
[e.g. cut carbon dioxide emission]
(Dupont & Fauville 2017)
Hypothesis: By targetting values, we’ll attract more attention
Ocean acidification can alter the taste of shrimps
“Ocean acidification is often referred as the silent storm because you can’t see it, you can’t hear it, and you can’t smell it, but our research suggests that you just may be able to taste it.”
Values and physical connection leads to real changes
GLOBAL challenges GLOBAL/LOCAL data GLOBAL options: CO2 LOCAL challenges LOCAL options
[management, adaptation, etc.]
LOCAL data
Change practices (e.g. aquaculture) Make ecosystem more resilients (e.g. MPA) Decrease other sources of stress (e.g. pollution) Select resilient strains Protect hot spots etc.
Survey in February/March 2018
Responses No reply No data 1 2 3 4 No data centre carbonate chemistry parameters
Figure 1. Map illustrating the answers received from NODCs and ADUs regarding the availability
DIC, CO2; light grey – no IODE focal point for NODC
yellow – data for one parameter, orange – data for two parameters, light green – data for three parameters, dark green – data for four parameters).
2014 – Brazil, Chile 2015 – China, South Africa 2016 – Mozambique, Tasmania, Mauritius, Mexico 2017 – Senegal, Kuwait, Mauritius, Fiji, Costa Rica
Build a ”kit” for less than 15K$ to monitor and research
I – Basic training (theory + practicals) II – Basic training (practicals) III – Advanced training (practicals) IV – Collaborative Research STRATEGY
Level I training, e.g. Jordan, September 2018
Level II training, e.g. Kuwait November 2018 Radioecology
WIOMSA – Ocean Acidification measurements in the Western Indian Ocean
Level III training, e.g. South Africa May 2019
Chemistry Set-up long term experiment Doing science with limited infrastructure
Data collected in 5 days with limited resources Article in progress Next training: Mombasa, October 2019
Level IV Collaborative research; e.g. CRP Next training: Sweden, August 2019
IAEA CRP (2018-2022): Evaluating the Impacts of Ocean Acidification on Seafood - A Global Approach
2016 – First contact in Mauritius (Basic Training) 2016 – Join P2P program (with Sam Dupont) 2016 – Training on Evolution and Global Changes in Sweden 2017 – PhD student 2018 – Training on OA-Biology in Sweden (Advanced Training) 2019 – Presentation of first results at GOA-ON Workshop 2019 – Training Assistant in Durban (Advanced training)
Success stories
Carla Edworthy
Zalasiewicz et al. 2008
Global increase of human population and a high CO2 world
Local impacts including:
What science is needed to drive global and local changes & actions?
Ocean acidification is directly related to CO2 emissions There is enough evidence to be virtually certain that there will be consequences for marine species, ecosystems and associated services The scientific community is developing the needed theoeretical framework allowing to project future impacts Due to urgency and resource limitations, science should prioritize toward actions/changes including