[PPT] - Objective Physical Activity Monitoring for Health-Related Research: PowerPoint Presentation

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Objective Physical Activity Monitoring for Health-Related Research: A Discussion of Methods, Deployments, and Data Presentations

John M. Schuna Jr., PhD

School of Biological and Population Health Sciences Oregon State University, Corvallis OR

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What is Objective Physical Activity Monitoring ?

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What is Objective Physical Activity Monitoring ?

Measure of physical activity

behavior - - not fitness

Mechanical and electronic

devices are used to characterize physical activity behavior

4-14 day data collection periods

are common in free-living

Waist and wrist are most

common locations to wear devices

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Objective Physical Activity Monitors

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Pedometers
Step counters (electronic or electromechanical)
Accelerometers
Measure acceleration as a marker of physical activity
Predict energy expenditure
Also capable of counting steps
Multi-sensor devices (wearables)
Combine multiple sensor inputs
Predict energy expenditure
Count steps
Predict type of activity

Monitor Device Types

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Common Devices - Pedometers

Device Wear Location Outputs Sensors Cost Yamax SW-200 Waist Steps

Spring-lever Step Counter

$20.00 Omron HJ-151 Waist Steps, Moderate Steps

Piezoelectric Accelerometer

$30.00 NL-1000 Waist Steps, Distance, Active Minutes

Piezoelectric Accelerometer

$54.95

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Common Devices - Accelerometers

6

Device Wear Location Outputs Sensors Cost GT9X Link Waist / Wrist Ankle / Thigh Steps, Activity Counts, Raw Accel

Accelerometer, magnetometer, gyroscope

$275 ActivPAL Thigh Posture, Steps

Accelerometer

$493 GENEActiv Waist / Wrist Ankle / Thigh Raw Accel

Accelerometer

$248 Axivity Waist / Wrist Ankle / Thigh Raw Accel

Accelerometer

$141

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Common Devices - Wearables

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Device Wear Location Outputs Sensors Cost Fitbit Zip / One Waist Steps, Stairs, Distance, Active Minutes, Sleep, Calories

Accelerometer

$50 / $100 Jawbone UP3 Wrist Steps, Distance, Active time, Sleep, Calories

Accelerometer

$50 Withings Pulse O2 Wrist Steps, Distance, Calories, HR, O2 Sats

Accelerometer, Infrared O2 Sensor

$100 Apple Watch Wrist Steps, HR, Movement Mode, Calories

Accelerometer, Photoplethysmograph

$300

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How Do Modern Objective Physical Activity Monitors Work and What Data Do They Give Us?

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Accelerometer Data

Waist Wrist

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Accelerometer Data

Waist Wrist

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Raw Acceleration Data

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 Acceleration (g-force)

Steps

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1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 Acceleration (g-force)

1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 Acceleration (g-force)

1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 Acceleration (g-force)

1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 Acceleration (g-force)

Raw Acceleration Data

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How Are Objective Physical Activity Monitors Typically Deployed?

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Large Scale Deployments

National Health and Nutrition

Examination Survey (NHANES)

Coronary Artery Risk

Development in Young Adults (CARDIA)

Reasons for Geographic and

Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS)

Lifestyle Interventions and

Independent for Elders (LIFE)

20 40 60 80 100 6-11 12-15 16-19 20-59 60+ Compliance (%) Males Females

Troiano et al. (2008). MSSE; Pahor et al. (2014). JAMA

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Smaller Deployments

Thousands upon thousands of

smaller research applications

Pre-school aged children
Older adults
Old-order Amish
Non-research behavioral

interventions and health promotion programs

Individualized pedometer-based

interventions

Worksite health promotion

challenges

Etc.

10 20 30 < 1.5 1.5-2.9 3.0-5.9 6+ 7.6 26.9 18.4 2.9 Minutes METs

Physical Activity During an After-School Program

18,425 14,196

5000 10000 15000 20000 Men Women

Mean Daily Steps Among Old Order Amish Schuna et al. (2013). J Sch Health; Bassett et al. (2004). MSSE

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Objective Physical Activity Monitoring Tips

Identify your target population and the

physical activity outcome you want to measure

Select measurement tool based upon…..
Outcome you want to measure
Characteristics of your target

population/environment

Available resources
Validity/reliability evidence
Design the measurement protocol
How will the device be worn?
How long will the protocol last?
How will devices be retrieved?

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How Many Days of Data Do I Need?

0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 G Coefficients Number of Days of Monitoring

Reliability of Accelerometer-determined MVPA

≥ 7 days to achieve ≥ 0.80 reliability

Barreira, Schuna Jr., Tudor-Locke, et al. (2015). IJO

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Objective Physical Activity Monitoring Tips

Implementation of the

measurement protocol

Strategies to increase compliance

to the monitoring regimen

Planning for device malfunctions

and losses

Data processing and reduction
Data analysis and presentation

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How Are Objective Physical Activity Monitoring Data Typically Presented?

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Objective Monitoring Data Presentations

Average per day summaries (means) over the monitoring frame

(e.g., 7-days) are most typical

Graphical displays
Tabular presentations

Schuna et al. (2013). IJBNPA

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The WAVE~Ripples for Change: Obesity Prevention in Active Youth The WAVE study

USDA 2013-67001-20418

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WAVE

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WAVE

Physical activity monitoring via

Fitbit Zip

Wireless data capture
Integrated system to feed data

back into the intervention

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CLOUD

User’s data captured via Bluetooth and stored on Fitbit server. Data retrieved by request.

Data, Charts, Progress

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Daily/Weekly Data Reports

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John Doe

High School

WAVE Study Health Report

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CLOUD

User’s data captured via Bluetooth and stored on Fitbit server. Data retrieved by request.

Data, Charts, Progress

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Acknowledgments

LSU - PBRC Bill Johnson, PhD Peter Katzmarzyk, PhD Stephanie Broyles, PhD Emily Mire, MS OSU Siew Sun Wong, PhD Melinda Manore, PhD Chris Scaffidi, PhD Kathy Gunter, PhD Evan Hilberg, MS, MPH Rahul Patel, BS Syracuse University Tiago Barreira, PhD Umass-Amherst Catrine Tudor-Locke, PhD Patty Freedson, PhD John Staudenmayer, PhD Michael Busa, PhD Michael Green, MS

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References

1. Troiano, R.P, Berrigan, D., Dodd, K.W., et al. (2008). Physical activity in the United States measured by accelerometer. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 40(1), 181-188. 2. Pahor, M., Guralnik, J. M., Ambrosius, W. T., et al. (2014). Effect of structured physical activity on prevention of major mobility disability in older adults: The LIFE study randomized clinical trial. JAMA, 311(23), 2387-2396. 3. Schuna, J. M., Jr., Lauersdorf, R. L., Behrens, T. K., et al. (2013). An objective assessment of children’s physical activity during the Keep It Moving! after-school

program. Journal of School Health, 83(2), 105-111.

4. Bassett, D. R., Schneider, P. L., & Huntington, G. E. (2004). Physical activity in an Old Order Amish community. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 36(1), 79-85. 5. Barreira, T.V., Schuna, J.M., Tudor-Locke, C. (2015). Reliability of accelerometer- determined physical activity and sedentary behavior in school-aged children: A 12- country study. International Journal of Obesity, 5, S29-S35. 6. Schuna, J. M., Jr., Johnson, W. D., & Tudor-Locke, C. (2013). Adult self-reported and

bjectively monitored physical activity and sedentary behavior: NHANES 2004-
2006. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 10, 126.

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Objective Physical Activity Monitoring for Health-Related Research: A Discussion of Methods, Deployments, and Data Presentations

John M. Schuna Jr., PhD

School of Biological and Population Health Sciences Oregon State University, Corvallis OR