Nutrition Puzzle Match requirements to feed resources Different - - PDF document

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Nutrition for Beef Cattle: Animal Requirements & Feed Value

Shelby Filley

Regional Livestock & Forage Specialist

Nutrition Puzzle

• Match requirements to feed resources
• Different classes of animals have different

requirements for total pounds of feed (intake), energy, protein, vitamins, and minerals.

• Specific amounts needed depend on the

animal’s stage of production and the level of performance desired by the livestock manager

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% % % %

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Free on-line at http://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/1957/20383/em8883-e.pdf

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Forages

• Cool season grasses

– Annual and Perennial Ryegrass – Orchardgrass – Fescue

• Warm season Grasses

– Sorghum x Sudangrass – Gamma Grass

Forages

• Legumes

– Clovers – Vetches – Birdsfoot trefoil

• Forbs

– Plantain

• Management of forage types differ
• Do not plant all in one pasture

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Concentrates

• Used as supplements to

forages when more energy and protein is needed

• Grains such as corn,
• ats, and barley contain

concentrated amounts

• f starch for energy
• Oil seeds contain fats

that can be used as energy

• Protein supplements

can come from legumes, beans, and seed meals (cotton seed meal, soybean meal, etc.)

Feeds lab exercise

Rumen microbial population is naturally capable of digesting fiber and starch found in forages and grains

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Feed Requirements: Medium framed steer example

• Start @ 7 mo old, 500 lb
• Harvest @ 20 mo old, 1100 lb
• Ave daily gain = 600 lb/385 days = 1.56 lb/day
• Feed intake ~ 20 lb/day feed intake
• Total feed = 7,700 lb feed

– Pasture and hay – Grain (if not “Grass Fed” labeled)

• Fresh cool water
• Vitamins and minerals

Forage Yield

• Hay yield in Tons/acre
• Pasture yield in Animal Unit Months (AUM)

!Animal Unit = one 1,000 lb cow !AUM = forage for one AU for one month !1,000 lb cow x 2.5% body weight = 25 lb feed/d !25 Lb/d x 30 d = 750 lb feed per month !750 lb steer = 0.8 AUM !500 lb steer = 0.6 AUM

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Pasture Production

• Estimated potential under high management

– Correct soil fertility – Plant site appropriate species – Proper grazing management

http://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov/

• Actual measurements

http://extension.oregonstate.edu/douglas/lf Go to information, pastures, and find factsheets

Iowa St. Univ.

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Forage Quality

• Plant Characteristics

– Young, tender growth is more nutritious – vs. older, fibrous growth

Iowa St. Univ.

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Forage Value & Plant Maturity

• As plants mature:

– Fiber increases: Acid detergent fiber (ADF) & Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) – Protein & energy decrease – Digestibility decreases (ADF factor) – Feed intake decreases (NDF factor)

CP & TDN Concentration of Grasses

MATURITY CP (%) TDN (%) VEG-BOOT > 18 > 63 BOOT-EARLY HEAD 13-18 59-62 HEAD-MILK 8-12 57-61 DOUGH < 8 < 57

1,300 lb cow; 20 lb milk: 11% CP & 63% TDN 1,300 lb cow; 10 lb milk: 9% CP & 55% TDN 1,300 lb cow; dry, mid-gestation: 7% CP & 49% TDN Estimated Requirements 700 lb steer; 2.0 lb/day gain: 9.8% CP & 67.5% TDN 700 lb steer; 0.5 lb/day gain: 7.9% CP & 54% TDN

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TYPICAL CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF ALFALFA

MATURITY CP ADF NDF TDN Bud-First Flower >19 <31 <40 F.F.- mid bloom 17-19 31-35 40-46 60 Mid-full bloom 13-16 36-41 46-51 58 Post bloom <13 >41 >51 51

GRASS/CLOVER HAY AND HALAGE

LOW- PROTEIN (5-8.9%CP) MID- PROTEIN (9-11.9%CP) HIGH- PROTEIN (12-16%CP) HAYLAGE (1 SAMPLE) CRUDE PROTEIN (%)

6.9 9.9 12.5 9.0

ACID DETERGENT FIBER (%)

42 39 37 44.1

NEUTRAL DETERGENT FIBER (%)

66 64 57 65.8

TOTAL DIGESTIBLE NUTRIENTS (%)

56 58 60 57

% OF SAMPLES

64 28 8 -

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ALFALFA BASED FORAGES

ALFALFA/ GRASS MIX ALFALFA ALFALFA HAYLAGE CRUDE PROTEIN (%)

17 - 20 16- 20 20

ACID DETERGENT FIBER (%)

31 -38 34-43 41

NEUTRAL DETERGENT FIBER (%)

43 - 50 41-53 50

TOTAL DIGESTIBLE NUTRIENTS (%)

59 - 61 56-60 57

Mineral Nutrition

• Know animal requirement
• Know feed value
• Supply trace mineral salt supplement to make up

any differences

• Make sure animals are consuming it
• See “Mineral Assessment” and “Animal

Requirements (Beef, Sheep, Goats, Horses…) at http://extension.oregonstate.edu/douglas click

• n “information”, click on “livestock”