NRPjr Effects of music on Secondary School Students Experience and - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

NRPjr

Effects of music on Secondary School Students’ Experience and Performance During 800m Running

Teu Jie Yong Mark Chng Cho Heok

Refine School Fitness Programmes (eg. NAPFA, PE Lessons)

Cultivate Exercise Habits Since Young

• Regulate emotions and moods
• Induce enjoyable state
• Promote rhythmic movement
• Develop ergogenic effect (enhance physical performance)

Asynchronous music Synchronous music

• 120 to 140 bpm
• Enhances mood
• Hinders feeling of pain and fatigue
• Does not encourage

synchronisation of body movements and music

• No specific bpm
• Improve exercise performance
• Rhythmic aspects of music allows

body movements to sync with music

Aims and Objectives

• Effects on attentional focus and running enjoyment
• Attain similar study results as caucasians

Research question

With the application of music to the students’ run, will there will be a significant effect on the students’ attentional focus and their enjoyment experiences?

Dissociation Association

Research Literature

• Females benefit more from the effects of music [1]
• Participants in the most preferred music condition were

shown to have the highest levels of dissociation [2]

• The tempo and volume of the music affects a person’s

dissociation and association processes [3]

Hypothesis

• Synchronous music can better aid in the runner’s

dissociation process during their run compared to asynchronous music

• Music benefit female youths tremendously, enhancing

their running experience through increase of heart rate and enjoyment levels, compared to males

Methodology and Procedure

• Music selection
• Lab tests (15 Females 11 Males)
• Attentional Focus Scale (AFS)
• Interest/Enjoyment scale survey
• Heart rate monitor

Lab test procedure

• 3 music playlists consist of no music, synchronous music

and asynchronous music condition

• Music volume is controlled
• Double-blind experiment

Lab test procedure

• 1. Participants use Brunel Music Rating Inventory-3 to select

preferred music with different motivational music qualities

• 2. Run warm up of 2 minutes on treadmill with warm up playlist

and rest 5 minutes after

• 3. Start running 800m on treadmill with music playlist 1 and rest

for 10 minutes after

• 4. Participants have their heart rate measured, rate AFS and

Enjoyment survey

• 5. Participants to repeat step 3 to 4 with music playlist 2 and music

playlist 3

Heart Rate Sensor

Results and Discussions

Table 1

• Highest AF observed in the Asynchronous Music condition
• Lowest AF observed in the No Music condition
• The AF scores in the three conditions were not different between females and

males.

• This result indicates that AF scores were not significant across the music

conditions.

Discussion

• No significant interaction effect between asynchronous

music and synchronous music

• Results were not significant between genders
• Data does not support hypothesis

Table 2

• Highest HR observed in the Asynchronous Music condition
• Lowest HR observed in the No Music condition.
• The main effect of the genders was not significant

Post hoc tests - There were significant HR differences between No Music and Asynchronous Music conditions (p = .002), and between No Music and Synchronous Music (p = .02) HRs between Asynchronous Music and Synchronous Music conditions were not significantly different (p = .35)

Table 3

• Highest enjoyment level observed in the Asynchronous Music condition
• Lowest enjoyment level for the entire sample was observed in the No Music condition.
• Enjoyment levels were significantly different across the music conditions.
• The main effect of genders was not significant such that enjoyment levels in the three

conditions were not different between females and males. Post hoc tests- There were significant enjoyment level differences between No music and Asynchronous Music conditions (p = .001), and between No music and Synchronous Music conditions (p = .003). Enjoyment levels between Asynchronous Music and Synchronous Music conditions were not significantly different (p = 1.00).

Discussion

• Results not significant between genders
• Heart rate increase with music application
• Enjoyment levels increase with music application
• Data does not support hypothesis
• Music provides positive influences on runners

Possible flaws and errors

• Running pace was not fixed
• A lag in recording of results may cause the results to be inaccurate
• Small sample size

Conclusion

• Synchronous music does not provide greater positive experiences

than asynchronous music

• Both genders benefit positively from music application

References

[1]](Cole, Z., & Maeda, H. (2015). Effects of listening to preferential music on sex differences in endurance running performance. Perceptual and motor skills, 121(2), 390-398.) [2]Effects of music on enjoyment in exercise ( Allison K. Dyrlund, Steven R. Wininger) (Dyrlund, A. K., & Wininger, S. R. (2008). The effects of music preference and exercise intensity on psychological variables. Journal of music therapy, 45(2), 114-134.) [3] Copeland, B. L., & Franks, B. D. (1991,March)https://doi.org/10.1016/0167- 8760(95)00007-F

Special thanks to:

Dr Masato Kawabata & Miss Bern for their patient guidance throughout this one year, fellow NRP researchers that have helped us along the way, and finally to participants and everyone else that has helped us in this project in one way or another.

THANK YOU

Males

Females