Norwegian Veterinary Institute and serology based surveillance - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Norwegian Veterinary Institute and serology based surveillance programs

1st Nordic Vet erinary S erology Meet ing May 5th-6th

S iv Klevar, DVM, PhD S ection for Immunology

History

 Established in 1891 by Ole Olsen Malm (veterinarian

and medical doctor )

 Main production: tuberculin and serum production  1914 : Moved to Ullevålsveien 68

Veterinær- Instituttet at Adamstua 1924 Ole Olsen Malm

The Norwegian Veterinary Institute is a research institute in the areas of animal health, fish health and food safety, whose primary function is supply of research support to the authorities.

Preparedness, diagnostics, surveillance and monitoring, reference and scientific advisory functions and risk assessment are the most important areas.

The Norwegian Veterinary Institute

Tromsø Harstad Trondheim Oslo S andnes Bergen

The disease situation is favourable in Norway

 Located at “ the cold top” of Europe surrounded by the sea  S

mall livestock units and a small livestock population spread

• ver a large geographical area

 Limited import of livestock from countries with a less

favourable disease situation

 A well-organized and -developed livestock industry and

Veterinary S ervices

 The Nordic countries have prevented contagious diseases

systematically for more than 100 years

The first Norwegian S urveillance programs

• Mycobact erium bovis : S

tarted eradication in 1895

• Importance of test sensitivity and specificity
• 1895: 26%
• f examined herds were infected and 7%

in 1920

• 1932: Very few cases
• Documented freedom in 1963 (S

weden 1958)

Eradication of bovine brucellosis

Brucellose : Brucella abortus (Bangs bacille)

 1920-30: Examined more than 60 000 cases, blood

agglutination test and cultivation (free of charge)

 1952: First country that documented freedom

Halfdan Holth 1933

The Norwegian surveillance and control programmes

 S

urveillance on different diseases based on diagnostic material from veterinarians in the field

 In 1994 the European Economic Area Agreement

with the EU

 S

ystematic surveillance of animal diseases

Three categories for the surveillance and control -programmes



Programmes implementing EEA-directives and regulations (Brucellosis, tuberculosis, EBL)



Programmes related to additional guarantees within the EEA region (IBR/ IPV, AD and S almonella)



Other national surveillance and control programmes (BVD, swineflu, maedi)

S urveillance and control programs

 The Food S

afety Authority is responsible for the programs

 S

ampling is performed by or under the supervision of

• fficial inspectors in the Norwegian Food S

afety Authority and submitted to NVI

 The programs are planned and coordinated by the

Norwegian Veterinary Institute (scientific quality)

• Epidemiological design
• Testing and analysing (approved methods)
• Interpreting and presenting the results

Ongoing surveillance programmes for terrestrial animals 2014

Animal Programmes implementing EEA-directives and regulations Programmes related to additional guarantees within the EEA region Other national surveillance and control programmes Cattle

Enzootisk bovin leukose (1994) Brucella abortus (2000) Blutongue (2008) Bovine tuberculosis (2000) BS E (1998) Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis / Infectious Pustular Vulvovaginitis (1992) Paratuberculosis (1996) Bovine virus diarrhea(1992)

Swine

Auj eszkys disease (1994) S almonellosis (1995) Transmissible gasteroenteritt (1995) PRRS (1995) S wine influenza (1997)

Small ruminants

S crapie (1997) Brucella melitensis (2004) Blutongue (2008) Maedi(1997) Paratuberculosis(2001)

Poultry

Newcastle disease Mycoplasma S almonellosis S almonellosis (1995-96) infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) (1997) avian rhinotracheitis (ART) (turkey). Campylobact er (2001) Avian influenza(2005)

Wild birds

Avian influenza(2005)

Deer

Tuberculose (2000) Chronic wasting disease (2005)

Camelider

Paratuberculose (2000)

Cattle:

Disease Agent Method Company

Percentage of herds

• No. of sampled

herds / animals

• No. of

inconclusive herds /animals

• No. of positive

animals

Enzootisk bovin leukose

EBL ELISA Svanova 16% of dairy 23% beef 1489 herds 935 herds

Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis

IBR/IPV ELISA Svanova 16% of dairy 23% beef 1489 herds 935 herds

Bovine virus diarrhea

BVDV ELISA Svanova 16% of dairy 23% beef 1489 herds 935 herds 11 weak positive bulk milk 1 pooled serum positive Bluetongue BTV ELISA IDvet 518 dairy herds 0 Brucellosis (2013) Brucella abortus ELISA Svanova In case of abortions 44 foetus 152 animals 1 Schmallenberg (2013) SBV ELISA IDvet 2,391 dairy herds 0 413

photo: Hanne Mari Jordsmyr

Total no. of dairy herds: 9 103 Total no. of beef herds: 4 132 Total :13 235

Total no. of animals ≈ 830 000

Livestock poulation

S mall ruminants:

Disease Agent Method Company

Percentage of herds

• No. of sampled

herds / animals

• No. of

inconclusive herds /animals

• No. of positive

animals

Maedi

Maedi Visna virus ELISA IDEXX 25% of sheep flocks 8 % goat herds 3489 flocks/ 10 044 sheep 2 555 goats 4

Brucellosis

Brucella melitensis Rose Bengal 25% of sheep flocks 8 % goat herds 3489 flocks/ 10 044 sheep 2 555 goats

Caprine artheritt Enchalitis

CAE ELISA IDEXX

1199 animals

Schmallenberg (2013) SBV ELISA IDvet 17 herds/397 animals 1

Total no. of sheep flocks: 14 218 ≈ 1 million animals Total no. of goat herds: 1 490 ≈ 90 000 animals

Livestock poulation

Poultry:

Disease Agent Method Company

Farms

• No. of sampled

Flocks

• No. of

birds

• No. of positive

animals

Infect ious laryngot racheitis ILT virus ELISA Synbiotics Broilers: 64 Layers: 10 Parent Broilers: 86 Parent Layers: 13 Broilers: 2519 Layers: 390

Avian influenza

AI ELISA IDEXX Commercial flocks 110 Certified breeder flocks: 125 3097

Avian rhinotracheitis

ART ELISA Svanova

45 47 1382

Newcastle disease APMV1 – 3 HI APHA 60 samples from each parent flock 6287 Mycoplasma Mycoplasma gallisepticum / meleagridis Agglutination/ ELISA SVA/IDEXX Broilers: 64 Layers: 10 Parent Broilers: 86 Parent Layers: 13 Broilers: 2519 Layers: 390

Egg laying hen (>20 weeks) ≈2000 flocks ≈4.4 million animals Flocks >250 birds ≈570 ≈4.1 million animals

Broiler: 55 millions slaughtered Livestock poulation

Norwegian pig production

Pigs slaughtered: ≈1.6

million

Sows: ≈55.000 Herds: ≈2000 Breeding: ≈1200 Fattening: ≈800

Results 2014

Disease Agent Method Company

• No. of sampled

herds

• No. of sampled

animals

• No. of negative

animals

• No. of positive

animals Aujeszkys disease/ Pseudorabies PRV ELISA Svanova 734 5038 5038 Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome PRRSV ELISA IDEXX 734 5038 5038 Transmissible gastroenteritis TGEV ELISA Svanova 734 5038 5038 Porcine respiratory corona virus PRCV Enzootic pneumonia Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae ELISA Oxoid ca 350 2708 2708 Swineflu PIV ELISA IDvet 642 4082 2894 1086 Porcine epidemic diarrhea PEDV ELISA Biovet Starting up 2015

Laboratory methods and testing

 All tests performed by the Norwegian Veterinary

Institute

 Collaboration with European Union reference labs

• Ring trials and proficiency tests
• Confirmatory tests

 Quality control system in place (IS

O 17025)

 General accreditation for ELIS

A tests pending

Nordic cooperation?

 Most diagnost ics on farm animals is performed at NVI  All not ifiable diseases are diagnosed at NVI

• NVI are responsible for not ifying Food S

afet y Aut horit y

 How are posit ive t est s in surveillance programs handled?  S

erological confirmat ory t est s are expensive t o keep

• S

hould different Nordic laborat ories maint ain different t est s?

 Cooperat ion regarding ext ra samples when t est s are

accredit ed?

 Cooperat ion when est ablishing new t est s (emerging

diseases)?

 Mult iplex t est ing?