Veterinary Parasitology in the Bureau of Animal Industry American - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Foundations of Veterinary Parasitology in the Bureau of Animal Industry

American Association of Veterinary Parasitologists

Boston, MA

Sidney A. Ewing

Center for Veterinary Health Sciences Oklahoma State University

Maurice C. Hall (1881-1938)

President, AVMA, 1930-1931 President ASP, 1932

Inspection stamp

1907-1916 1919-1936

U.S. Army Veterinary Corps 1918-1919

Charles Wardell Stiles (1867-1941) Albert Hassall (1862-1942)

Index Catalogue of Medical & Veterinary Zoology

Father of Parasitology

Karl Georg Friedrich Rudolph Leuckart (1822-1898)

1922, Parasitology 14:417-418 Thomas Spencer Cobbold (1828-1886 or 1891)

“… [I] have extended my observations to the genesis of those entozoan that prove destructive to horses, to beasts of burden generally, and to other creatures which, like cats and dogs, are in various ways subservient to man’s wants.” “I should like to see a small army of helminthologists rise up and lay siege to the fortresses at present securely held by thousands of death-dealing parasites.”

1879, T. Spencer Cobbold (1828-1886) In introduction to his book

Cooper Curtice (1856-1939)

Cooper Curtice, kneeling by carcass of cow with ticks

• F. C. Kilbourne & M. C. Hall

M.C. Hall with Parents and Sister

Colorado College B.S. 1905 Sc.D. 1925

• M. C. Hall

Thomas Moran 1880

• M. C. Hall & Friends

• M. C. Hall
• n Stage

Colorado College

• ca. 1903

Colorado College B.A. 1905

Lola Davis

Maurice, Lola Margaret, Lois, Marion

6006 33rd Street Washington, D.C.

Bookplate

… designed by Hall’s daughter, Marion

Diagnosis & Treatment of Internal Parasites

3rd Edition 1924

Worm Parasites of Domesticated Animals

1924

Control of Animal Parasites

1936

Selected publications by Hall

“Veterinary parasitology is a borderline field in which zoology and veterinary medicine meet.” Maurice C. Hall December 30, 1927 American Society of Parasitologists meeting

1928, North American Veterinarian 9(4): 50-56

“… it is regrettable that the work in parasitology in the Bureau of Animal Industry was not put in the Pathological Division of that Bureau at the start and kept there.” Theobald Smith

• ral comment, date unknown

Theobald Smith as a Parasitologist Maurice C. Hall

1935, Journal of Parasitology 21(4): 231-243

“To his [Theobald Smith’s] mind, parasitology was just a subdivision

• f pathology.”

Maurice C. Hall, 1935

1935 , Journal of Parasitology 21(4): 231-243

“Clinical parasitology is one of the branches of clinical pathology.” Edward A. Benbrook & Margaret W. Sloss

1948, In introduction to Veterinary Clinical Parasitology

• E. A. Benbrook

(1892-1967)

Oklahoma A & M, 1915-1918

1st woman to earn DVM from Iowa State, 1938

Margaret Wragg Sloss (1901-1979)

• M. C. Hall, B. H. Ransom & Friends in the Rockies

Is Parasitology a Science?

1933, Journal of Parasitology 19(3): 182-191

Presidential Address by Maurice C. Hall American Society of Parasitologists 1932

“In the immense field of science, parasitology has its place. It has certain tasks which other sciences do not undertake.” Maurice C. Hall, 1932 (published, 1933)

1933, Journal of Parasitology 19(3): 182-191

The College Course in Veterinary Parasitology Maurice C. Hall

1922, Veterinary Medicine 17(2): 83-85

“Since the establishment of the comparatively new science of bacteriology, the engaging study of bacteria and of diseases caused by them has dominated the attention of the veterinarians more or less to the exclusion

• f the study of animal parasites.”

Maurice C. Hall, 1922

1922, Veterinary Medicine 17(2): 83-85

“It will probably be conceded by most American veterinarians that there is no topic in veterinary medicine concerning which the veterinarian is less informed than the subject

• f parasitology.”

Maurice C. Hall, 1922

1922, Veterinary Medicine 17(2): 83-85

“The animal parasites are not so

• spectacular. They take their largest toll

among young animals, and the loss is readily explained by the stockman to his own satisfaction on other grounds.” Maurice C. Hall, 1922

1922, Veterinary Medicine 17(2): 83-85

“When [an animal] finally succumbs to the long siege by the parasites … no explanation

• f the death appears necessary. The animal

‘never did well’ and the loss is discounted …” Maurice C. Hall, 1922

1922, Veterinary Medicine 17(2): 83-85

“We are beginning to understand the situation better and to realize what animal parasites do … what parasitism costs in terms of diminished meat and milk production, poorer quality of meat, decreased horse power, increased susceptibility to bacterial and constitutional diseases, and premature deaths.” Maurice C. Hall, 1922

1922, Veterinary Medicine 17(2): 83-85

Teaching Veterinary Parasitology Maurice C. Hall

1928, North American Veterinarian 9(3): 41-44

“Another reason for the neglect of veterinary parasitology and of its teaching is the rise of the science of bacteriology about half a century ago, and the subsequent eclipse of parasitology.” Maurice C. Hall, 1927 (published, 1928)

1928, North American Veterinarian 9(3): 41-44

“… [another reason for] neglect…that is so annoying to the veterinary parasitologist [is] that the parasitic diseases are so insidious and devoid of spectacular characters as a rule.” Maurice C. Hall, 1927 (published, 1928)

1928, North American Veterinarian 9(3): 41-44

“… veterinary parasitology has been so neglected in the schools … [that] the teaching of parasitology has fallen for the most part to someone who was anything except a parasitologist.” Maurice C. Hall, 1927 (published, 1928)

1928, North American Veterinarian 9(3): 41-44

“If we are to raise up parasitologists among

• ur veterinary students, we must have the

inspiration of teachers of parasitology who are enthusiastic parasitologists.” Maurice C. Hall, 1922

1922, Veterinary Medicine 17(2): 83-85

“… [teaching parasitology] usually devolved to a pathologist but might fall to almost anyone with an uncrowded teaching schedule.” Maurice C. Hall, 1927 (published, 1928)

1928, North American Veterinarian 9(3): 41-44

“There is a lack of [veterinary parasitology] text books in English which are accurate, up to date, and reasonably complete …” Maurice C. Hall, 1927

1928, North American Veterinarian 9(3): 41-44

“… there is a lack of an adequate laboratory manual in veterinary parasitology.” Maurice C. Hall, 1927 (published, 1928)

1928, Veterinary Medicine 9(3): 41-44

“The life history of a few representative forms … should be experimentally demonstrated.” Maurice C. Hall, 1927 (published, 1928)

1928, North American Veterinarian 9(3): 41-44

“… before long the veterinary colleges should be able to supply the federal and state services and the colleges of veterinary medicine with well trained and competent veterinary parasitologists.” Maurice C. Hall, 1927 (published, 1928)

1928, North American Veterinarian 9(3): 41-44

The Economic Importance

• f Veterinary Parasitology

Maurice C. Hall

1928, North American Veterinarian 9(4): 50-56

“To conclude: Veterinary Parasitology is a subject of growing importance …” Maurice C. Hall December 30, 1927 (published, 1928)

1928, North American Veterinarian 9(4): 50-56

1908, Early textbook from Kansas City Veterinary College

Benjamin Franklin Kaupp (1874-1954)

Carbon Tetrachloride News Story

• Dr. Maurice C. Hall of the

Department of Agriculture “…whose discovery of the use

• f carbon tetrachloride as a

cure for hookworm in animals promises to relieve thousands

• f the human ... from the

same health-destroying parasite.”

In the Caribbean Rockefeller Trip

Nicaragua

Reports – Group Conferences Held During the AVMA Convention San Antonio, Texas 1956

1956, JAVMA 129 (12): 550-551

Wendell H. Krull (1897-1971)

BAI 1931-1942; Oklahoma State University, 1948-1964

Acknowledgement

Many personal photographs of M. C. Hall and his family were provided by Hall’s granddaughter, Karen Skilling,

• f Pawling, New York

1881-1938