NHTSA Novice Driver Initiatives NHTSA Novice Driver Initiatives Driver Education Driver Education and and Graduated Licensing Graduated Licensing Thomas M. Louizou, Regional Administrator NHTSA Eastern Region May 10, 2007
Crash Rate by Driver Age Crash Rate by Driver Age 30 25 Crash involvement per million miles traveled 20 15 10 5 0 16 17 18 19 20- 25- 30- 35- 40- 45- 50- 55- 60- 65- 70- 75- 80- 85+ Driver age (2001-2002 GES data; IIHS, 2006)
Driver Death Rates by Age and Driver Death Rates by Age and Passenger Presence Passenger Presence per 10 Million Trips, 1992- -97 97 per 10 Million Trips, 1992 6 drivers 16 drivers 17 drivers 30-59 years-old years-old years-old 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 1 2 3+ 0 1 2 3+ 0 1 2 3+ Number of passengers Source: Chen et al. (2000)
Fatal Crash Involvement, Fatal Crash Involvement, Day vs. Night Day vs. Night 25 20 Crash Involvemen 15 Night Day 10 5 0 16-17 18-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70+ Age (IIHS, 2001-2002)
16- -20 Year Old Alcohol Involved 20 Year Old Alcohol Involved 16 Fatalities Fatalities 2000- -2005 2005 2000 50% 45% 40% 35% 30% NJ 25% US 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Crash Rates are Highest … Crash Rates are Highest … � During the first few months/miles of driving � During the first few months/miles of driving � At night � At night � With teenage passengers � With teenage passengers � With alcohol � With alcohol
Graduated Driver Licensing Graduated Driver Licensing � 45 States, DC and PR � 45 States, DC and PR � All have 3 � All have 3- -stage systems with most model stage systems with most model components, although none has all components, although none has all components components � Detailed list of State laws can be found at � Detailed list of State laws can be found at www.iihs.org www.iihs.org � Common restrictions include: � Common restrictions include: � limiting passengers, nighttime driving and cell � limiting passengers, nighttime driving and cell phone use phone use � Safety belt requirements � Safety belt requirements � Zero tolerance alcohol restrictions � Zero tolerance alcohol restrictions
How Effective is GDL, and Why? How Effective is GDL, and Why? � Expands the learning � State Crash State Crash Expands the learning Reduction Reduction process process Florida 9% Florida 9% � Reduces risk exposure � Reduces risk exposure Michigan 26% Michigan 26% � Improves driving � Improves driving North Carolina 25% North Carolina 25% proficiency proficiency � Enhances motivation � Oregon 16% Oregon 16% Enhances motivation for self- -driving driving Nova Scotia 24% for self Nova Scotia 24% Ontario 31% Ontario 31%
Driver Involvement Rates (Ages 15-17) 2001 - 2005 50.00 Drivers Involved in Fatal Crashes Per 100K Population IIHS Rating of GDL 45.00 Components 40.00 - Good - Fair 35.00 - Marginal - Poor 30.00 25.00 20.00 NJ 15.00 10.00 5.00 0.00 MO NM ND NC MN ME MD NH DC CT MA NJ MS DE OK MT TN NE SC GA IN CO WI FL TX MI UT OH OR RI WA HI CA NY SD KY AL KS AR ID WY WV IA VT LA AZ NV IL PA AK VA NHTSA, NCSA Information Services Branch; U.S. Census Bureau; IIHS
NHTSA Efforts NHTSA Efforts � Will convene an � Will convene an expert working group expert working group to to develop national standards on driver ed ed develop national standards on driver and a national conference national conference to consider to consider and a consensus recommendations consensus recommendations � Continues to conduct extensive research � Continues to conduct extensive research into GDL, Driver Ed, and related issues into GDL, Driver Ed, and related issues
NHTSA State- -Specific Research Specific Research NHTSA State • Oregon: • Oregon: GDL Program GDL Program • Texas: • Texas: Parent Parent- -Taught driver Taught driver ed ed � Parent � Parent- -taught drivers are at a greater risk for taught drivers are at a greater risk for crashes/injuries crashes/injuries • Wisconsin and Tennessee • Wisconsin and Tennessee: GDL & belts : GDL & belts • Massachusetts • Massachusetts: PC : PC- -based risk awareness training based risk awareness training • Georgia: • Georgia: TADRA Act TADRA Act � 16 � 16- -year year- -old driver crash rates declined by 36.8% in 5+ old driver crash rates declined by 36.8% in 5+ years since enactment years since enactment • Michigan: • Michigan: GDL Program GDL Program • Arizona: • Arizona: Social Norms & Teen Belt Use Social Norms & Teen Belt Use
Other NHTSA Research Other NHTSA Research • Evaluation of passenger restrictions • Evaluation of passenger restrictions • National GDL evaluation • National GDL evaluation • Process evaluation of Drivers Ed in the • Process evaluation of Drivers Ed in the U.S. U.S. • Feasibility Study • Feasibility Study - - Evaluating Driver Ed Evaluating Driver Ed • Evaluation of “Driver’s Edge” • Evaluation of “Driver’s Edge” • Next Generation Driver Ed • Next Generation Driver Ed
Summary Summary � Young driver fatal crash rates are very high � Young driver fatal crash rates are very high � States vary widely with respect to crash rates � States vary widely with respect to crash rates and quality of laws and quality of laws � GDL laws are effective in reducing crashes � GDL laws are effective in reducing crashes � There is a relationship between low rates � There is a relationship between low rates and strong laws and strong laws � There is limited research on impact � There is limited research on impact effectiveness of driver education effectiveness of driver education � NHTSA has existing and planned products � NHTSA has existing and planned products and activities to assist States and activities to assist States
For more information: For more information: www.nhtsa.gov www.nhtsa.gov region2@dot.gov region2@dot.gov 914- -682 682- -6162 6162 914
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