New Computing In 2019 and Beyond - Opportunities, Challenges, and - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

New Computing In 2019 and Beyond - Opportunities, Challenges, and Threats

Fromm Institute Fall 2019 - Lecture 7 Bebo White - bebo.white@gmail.com

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calendar

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questions

1.Would Sophia be capable of inadvertently giving a wrong answer? How could she vet her information source? 2.What is your opinion of robotic sex-workers? - (Bebo: remember the 3 D’s?) 3.Would exoskeletons be expected to follow The Laws of Robotics since they are only partially robotic? 4.If there were two Sophias, would they realize that each other was a robot? Would their attitude change? 5.What programming languages are used for developing robot software?

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roam robotics

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(Thanks Gail!)

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ubiquitous

“existing or being everywhere at the same time” “constantly encountered” “widespread” ———— What would ubiquitous computing (ubicomp) be? What would a ubiquitous computing infrastructure be?

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why ubiquity?

• computing/Internet access as a “basic human right”
• ambient/invisible computing/Internet access, “everyware”
• computing as a “utility;” constant availability and

completely connected

• processing of information is linked with each activity or
• bject as encountered
• “bring your own device” (BYOD)
• what are the enabling technologies?

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ubiquitous vs. pervasive

• pervasive - involves devices that allow access to just

about anything e.g., mobile phones

• ubiquitous - suggests not obviously using computers;

computing in the background e.g., a pacemaker esp.

• ne that communicates with your doctor; Alexa, Siri,

Watson, Sophia?

• maybe not so obvious interfaces…example?

we’ll use the terms interchangeably

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“Can ubiquitous mean Everyone, everything connected?”

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remember ‘the digital divide?’ (1/2)

• economic equality
• social mobility
• democracy
• economic growth

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remember ‘the digital divide?’ (2/2)

• it is now greater than ever with the entire world (not

just “the third world”)

• we expect ubiquitous access
• our employers expect ubiquitous access
• vendors/services/advertisers expect ubiquitous access
• devices expect ubiquitous access
• going “off the grid” is an anomaly

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components of it ubiquity

• connectivity and networks
• computing resources - software and hardware
• platforms
• mobility*
• payment systems*
• energy resources*
• education and training*

How do we do it?

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5G is subject to interference - not just technical

What about censorship and network neutrality? - not a technical issue

intro (or review) of cloud computing (1/2)

• “in the cloud” has become a meme - what does it mean?
• could be a model for the hardware/software component of

ubiquity

• “on-demand availability of computer systems resources,

especially data storage and computing power, without active management by the user”

• many examples - GMail/GoogleDocs/GoogleDrive,

Dropbox, iCloud, MS Office 365, Flickr, etc. - how many do you use?

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intro (or review) of cloud computing (2/2)

• pioneered/popularized by Amazon (now a major part of their

business)

• enabled rapid deployment of computing resources
• with heavy software/hardware investments
• “pay as you play”
• designed for scaleability
• typically involves multiple types of services
• currently used by many familiar services e.g., Netflix

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consider your mobile phone (1/2)

• it’s no longer just a device for making calls
• you can run apps to do jobs like MSWord
• you can operate your TV remotely via IOT
• you can access more photos than your phone’s memory can

store (augment its storage)

• you can select and play music that you don’t own
• you can watch movies and TV anywhere
• you are expanding its native/local capabilities

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consider your mobile phone (2/2)

• a popular meme: “a smartphone has much more computing power

than Apollo 11”

• actually, it has access (not native) to as much computing power as

that of a major corporation or maybe the city of San Francisco

• it has the ability to run computer programs available only to large

clusters or supercomputers, e.g.,

• cryptocurrency mining
• complex weather forecasting models, etc.
• this is an example of ubiquitous computing and your mobile phone is

the agent - all it needs is a Web browser

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cloud services

• SaaS - Software as a Service
• PaaS - Platform as a Service
• IaaS - Infrastructure as a Service
• more - including BaaS (Blockchain as a Service),

DaaS (Desktop as a Service)

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SaaS PaaS IaaS

let’s consider SaaS

• MS Word (local) vs Google Docs (cloud)
• TurboTax (local) vs TurboTax (cloud)
• What are the advantages and disadvantages of these?
• portability?
• interface?
• cost/licensing?
• platform independence?
• security/privacy?
• sharing?
• archiving?

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let’s consider PaaS

• scenario:
• a friend sends you a Windows file, you have a

Mac, what do you do?

• your friend expects you to return a file they can

read (or execute), what do you do?

• PaaS supports virtual machines of all types

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public, private, and hybrid clouds

• Public - what we’re used to…”the cloud”
• free or paid services
• no maintenance required
• possible concerns re: security and privacy
• Private - a business has sole access to resources
• Hybrid - data and applications can move between public and

private clouds

• may be hard to maintain and keep secure

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beyond cloud computing

• Edge Computing - attempts to bring services closer to user

location in order to optimize response time and throughput/bandwidth

• Fog Computing - uses edge devices (think IOT devices) to

perform as much service as possible before using “the cloud”

• Grid Computing - uses clusters of distributed computers to

create a virtual “super-computer” - similar to cloud systems

• uses volunteer/donated computers e.g., BOINC

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https://foldingathome.org https://setiathome.berkeley.edu don’t be worried about security and privacy

• John McCarthy, MIT Centennial, 1961

“If computers of the kind I have advocated become computers of the future, then industry may someday be organized as a public utility just as the telephone system is a public utility…The computer utility could become the basis of a new and important industry”

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what is a commodity and are computing resources a commodity?

• Fungible
• Interchangeable
• Measurable
• Different sources
• Standard units

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utility computing

• cloud services plus pervasive connectivity provide the elements of a public

computing utility

• access to services most often accomplished via the Web
• suppose that computing, storage, etc. were made available like electricity, water,

gas, telephone, etc. (we already have Internet)

• unlimited capacity driven only by cost
• like electricity, water, and gas, users don’t really know (or care) where the

resources come from

• could be from a public or private service, shared users, or competitive vendors
• suppose management, support, contracts, billing, etc. were handled on a

blockchain?

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utility computing service provider

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utility computing consumers

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byod

• Bring Your Own Device (BYOD); Bring Your Own

Technology (BYOT); Bring Your Own Phone (BYOP); Bring Your Own PC (BYOPC); Bring Your Own ____

• attempts to bring Internet content and applications in a

device-independent environment

• usually, “if you can get to the Web, you can do anything”
• BYOD is not just a human issue - remember diversity of

interfaces

• how does this relate to IOT?

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typical byod issues

• access
• devices - functionality
• synchronization
• what to store and how
• software and hardware update cycles
• style and customization
• security and privacy
• policies

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• Bebo

“So, the ability of any device at anytime from any location connecting to a network and accomplishing any computational task all seamlessly is true ubiquity”

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