Neutron Spin Rotation Measurements Murad Sarsour for the NSR - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Neutron Spin Rotation Measurements

Murad Sarsour

for the NSR Collaboration

Georgia State University

1 5/25/2018

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PPNS 2018 International Workshop on Particle Physics at Neutron Sources 2018

May 24-26, 2018 ILL, Grenoble, France

NSR n+4He in DDH

 n-4He is a simple enough system that P-odd spin rotation can be

related to weak NN amplitudes. GFMC calculations possible

(Carlson, Wiringa, Nollett, Schiavilla, Pieper)

Dmitriev et al. Phys Lett 125, 1 (1983)

Existing calculation:

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• The linear combination of NN weak amplitudes in n+4He spin rotation is

~orthogonal to existing constraints from past measurements using protons (p, 4He) and anapole moment measurements in odd-proton systems  addition of n+4He gives strong constraints.

• n+4He and n+3He both measure approximately the same linear

combination of weak amplitudes, providing a strong check. However, there is no dependence on the isotensor component in n+4He, an important distinction between the two experiments. 𝜚𝑄𝑊 𝑜, 4He = − 0.97𝑔

𝜌 + 0.22ℎ𝜕 0 − 0.22ℎ𝜕 1 + 0.32ℎ𝜍 0 − 0.11ℎ𝜍 1 rad/m

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NSR n+4He in EFT+ large-Nc

• S. Gardner, W.C. Haxton, B.R. Holstein, arXiv:1704.02617v1 (2017)

Implies the following regarding NSR (n+4He):

• Dependence only on LO LEC (Λ0

+) with relatively large expectation value

• No dependence on the isotenor component as in n+3He case  Very important

distinction between the two experiments

• Planned NSR at NGC/NIST is expected at [1(stat) 1(sys)] × 10-7 which is

several sigmas away from zero according to prediction  First quantitative test

• f SM involving quark-quark Weak interactions in nucleons
• Impact of new/potential experiments on the current status!

±𝟐 ± 𝟐 × 𝟐𝟏−𝟖

NSR-2 Apparatus on NG-6 Beamline at NIST

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• PNC of Transversely Polarized Neutrons

 

   

   N N N N PA

PNC

1 sin 

 

PNC

k    

 





k 

PC

   B  

 

Polarizer, P

z y x



 



 



N

Detector Analyzer, A

_ +

5

PNC PC

  

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NSR-2: Measurement Principle

 Expected size

𝑒𝜚𝑄𝑂𝐷 𝑒𝑨

~10−7 rad/m

 Experimental challenges

• Reducing Ԧ

𝜏 ∙ 𝐶 → 𝜚𝑄𝐷

• Effectively canceling what is left
• Controlling noise
• Controlling other systematics

NSR-2: Apparatus

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• Snow et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 86, 055101 (2015)
• Micherdzinska et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A 631, 80 (2011)
• Bass et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A 612, 69 (2009)

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NSR-2: Apparatus

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NIST-NG6 2008

NSR-2: Results

𝑒𝜚𝑄𝑂𝐷 𝑒𝑨 = [1.7 ± 9.1 𝑡𝑢𝑏𝑢 ± 1.4 𝑡𝑧𝑡 ] × 10−7𝑠𝑏𝑒/𝑛

Snow et al., PRC 83, 022501(R) (2011) & RSI 86, 055101 (2015)

9 10/26/2017 DNP MEETING FALL2017

Toward an improved NSR-3 measurement

𝑒𝜚𝑄𝑂𝐷 𝑒𝑨 ≤ 2 × 10−7𝑠𝑏𝑒/𝑛

֜

?

NIST-NG6 2008

𝑒𝜚𝑄𝑂𝐷 𝑒𝑨 = [1.7 ± 9.1 𝑡𝑢𝑏𝑢 ± 1.4 𝑡𝑧𝑡 ] × 10−7𝑠𝑏𝑒/𝑛

 NG-C:

• Ballistic guide; 11 cm x 11 cm at output
• Curved guide (no line-of-sight to reactor)
• Thermal capture fluence rate ≈ 8x109/cm2/s

High-flux cold beam for fundamental neutron physics experiments at NIST. NG-C NG-6

Snow et al., PRC 83, 022501(R) (2011) & RSI 86, 055101 (2015)

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120 NSR-II “Reactor On” days

Changing target state Refilling LHe, Maintenance Administration Apparatus inoperable Analyzed data Discarded – targets improperly filled Calibration & Systematics measurement

NSR-3: Cryogenics & Target Improvements

Cryomech pulse-tube liquefier:

• Tested for 3 months of

continuous operation

• Observed liquefaction rate

from warm gas of 12 L/day

• Automated operation capable
• f handling ~550 mW heat

load

• He re-liquefier removes

necessity of LHe fills (~20%

• f lost NSR-2 time)
• Improved cryogenic design for reduced heat

load, simpler assembly/disassembly, and more robust operation

• R&D on new LHe pump to reduce target change

time

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SM Polarizer/Analyzer

NSR-3: Other Beam-Line Components

• SM benders (m=2.5) have a

transmission of greater than 90% for

• ne spin state and a transmission of

less than 0.5% for the other spin state

SM Guides Input / Output Coils

Built at UNAM Procured by BARC in India Procured by NIST

• 10cm×10cm, 1.25m and

2.0m non-magnetic supermirror neutron guides (NiMo-Ti)

• m = 2.0, R>90%,

matching NGC phase space

• depolarization probability

/ bounce <1%

4.5108/cm2/s NG6 8109/cm2/s NGC 5cm×5cm NG6 10cm×10cm NGC float glass guides (m=0.68) super-mirror guides (m=2) Reduce heat load Reduce fill/drain times New Polarizer/Analyzer 100 G 10 G in target region Be filter cuts spectrum <4Å to limit under rotation by pi-coil  ± 9.1 (stat) ± 1.4 (sys) ± 1.0 (stat) ± 1.0 (sys)

Snow et al., PRC 83, 022501(R) (2011) & RSI 86, 055101 (2015) 12 10/26/2017 DNP MEETING FALL2017

120 NSR-II “Reactor On” days

Changing target state Refilling LHe, Maintenance Administration Apparatus inoperable Analyzed data Discarded – targets improperly filled Calibration & Systematics measurement

Toward an improved NSR-3 measurement

𝑒𝜚𝑄𝑂𝐷 𝑒𝑨 ≤ 2 × 10−7𝑠𝑏𝑒/𝑛

Goal:

NIST-NG6 2008

𝑒𝜚𝑄𝑂𝐷 𝑒𝑨 = [1.7 ± 9.1 𝑡𝑢𝑏𝑢 ± 1.4 𝑡𝑧𝑡 ] × 10−7𝑠𝑏𝑒/𝑛

• Low duty factor
• Reduce B field

in target region

• Improve PA
• Counting Stats

Stat Syst

NSR-3 Status

 Supermirror Waveguides (new / BARC)

• Tested (October 2014 at LENS)

 Input/output coils

(new / UNAM)

 New supermirror polarizer and analyzer

(new / $$$ NIST)

• Tested at LENS

 Pi-coil

(new / IU)

 Ion chamber

(new / IU)

• Tested and functioning as expected

 Data Acquisition – Ready

• Liquid helium target

 Cryostat  Helium re-liquefier commissions with equivalent heat load

• Target and He pump construction and testing in progress

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Commissioned at LANSCE FP12 & used for the exotic spin- dependent interaction search exp’t

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Why NSR-F5 Apparatus at LANSCE FP12?

Haddock et al., NIM A 885, 105 (2018)

ℒ = ത 𝜔 𝑕𝑊𝛿𝜈 + 𝑕𝐵𝛿𝜈𝛿5 𝜔𝑌𝜈

Generic interaction between fermions with a light spin-1 particle arising in a number of Beyond the Standard Model Theories from, e.g., spontaneous breaking of new symmetries.

• Axial-vector term

 Induces spin dependent interaction  Need polarized particles to probe!

• Look at the induced spin-velocity interaction

between a particle considered as a source and another polarized probe particle.

• Probe spin-dependent interactions in the mm - µm

regime.

𝑊

𝐵𝐵 ∝ 𝑕𝐵 2 𝑓−𝑛0𝑠

𝑠 1 𝜇𝑑 + 1 𝑠 Ԧ 𝜏 ∙ Ԧ 𝑤 × Ԧ 𝑠

Piegsa& Pignol, PRL 108, 181801 (2012)

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NSR-F5 Results

Submitted to PLB 𝜚′ = [2.8 ± 4.6 𝑡𝑢𝑏𝑢 ± 4.0 𝑡𝑧𝑡 ] × 10−5𝑠𝑏𝑒/𝑛

Summary & Outlook

• Significant recent theoretical work  Prediction of a relatively large

size for the neutron spin rotation of , ~ 710-7 rad/m without sensitivity to the isotensor component of the NN weak interaction - a strong distinction between n+3He and n+4He.

• n+4He provides the first test of the SM in the NN weak sector.
• A substantially improved apparatus was used to make significant

improvement in limits on spin-dependent fifth forces using a room temperature target.

• The NSR-3 collaboration has an apparatus nearing readiness for an

n-4He spin rotation measurement at the level < ±1.0 (stat) ±1.0 (sys) rad/m.

• The critical path items are the LHe pump, LHe target, and

radiation shielding.

• The goal is to be ready for beam in 2019.

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Support: NSF Grant 1614545 NIST DOE Grant DE-SC0010443 PAPIIT-UNAM IN111913 and IG101016 BARC

NSR-3 Collaboration

• J. Amadio1, E. Anderson2, L. Barr´on-Palos3, B. Crawford1, C. Crawford4, D. Esposito5, W. Fox2,
• I. Francis6, J. Fry7, H. Gardiner8, C. Haddock9, A. Holley10, S.F. Hoogerheide11, K. Korsak2, J.

Lieers12, S. Magers1, M. Maldonado-Vel´azquez3, D. Mayorov13, H.P. Mumm11, J. S. Nico11, T. Okudaira9, C. Paudel14, S. Santra15, M. Sarsour14, H. M. Shimizu9, W. M. Snow2, A. Sprow4, K. Steen2, H. E. Swanson16, F. Tovesson13, J. Vanderwerp2, P. A. Yergeau1,

1Gettysburg College, 300 N Washington St, Gettysburg, PA 17325, USA 2Physics Department, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408, USA. 3Instituto de F`ısica, Universidad Nacional Aut`onoma de M´exico, Apartado Postal 20-364, 01000, M´exico 4University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA 5University of Dayton, 300 College Park, Dayton, OH 45469, USA 6612 S Mitchell St Bloomington, Indiana 47401, USA 7University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA 8Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA 9Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa Ward, Nagoya, Aichi Prefecture 464-0814, Japan 10Tennessee Tech University, 1 William L Jones Dr, Cookeville, TN 38505, USA 11National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA 12Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, 600 S Clyde Morris Blvd, Daytona Beach, FL 32114, USA 13Los Alamos National Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA 14Georgia State University, 29 Peachtree Center Avenue, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA 15Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400085, India 16University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA

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Thank You

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