Neut rinos f rom St ored Muons STORM physics with a storage ring - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Neut rinos f rom St ored Muons νSTORM

ν physics with a μ storage ring

The “Collaborat ion”

• P. Kyberd,1 D.R. Smit h,1 L. Coney,2 S. Pascoli,3 C. Ankenbrandt ,4 S.J .

Brice,4 A.D. Bross,4 H. Cease,4 J . Kopp,4 N. Mokhov,4 J . Morf in,4 D. Neuf er,4 M. Popovic,4 P. Rubinov,4 S. St riganov,4 A. Blondel,5 A. Bravar,5 E. Noah,5 R. Bayes,6 F.J .P. Soler,6 A. Dobbs,7 K. Long,7 J . Past ernak,7 E. Sant os,7 M.O. Wascko,7 S.K. Agarwalla,8 S.A. Bogacz,9

• Y. Mori,10 J .B. Lagrange,10 A. de Gouvêa,11 Y. Kuno,12 A. Sat o,12
• V. Blackmore,13 J . Cobb,13 C. D. Tunnell,13 J .M. Link,14 P. Huber,14 and
• W. Wint er 15

1Brunel Universit y, 2Universit y of Calif ornia, Riverside, 3I nst it ut e f or Part icle Physics Phenomenology, Durham Universit y 4Fermi Nat ional Accelerat or Laborat ory, 5Universit y of Geneva 6Universit y of Glasgow, 7I mperial College London, 8I nst it ut o de Fisica Corpuscular, CSI C and

Universidad de Valencia, 9Thomas J ef f erson Nat ional Accelerat or Facilit y, 10Kyot o Universit y,

11Nort hwest ern Universit y, 12Osaka Universit y, 13Oxf ord Universit y, Subdepart ment of Part icle

Physics, 14Cent er f or Neut rino Physics, Virginia Polyt echnic I nst it ut e and St at e Universit y

15I nst it ut f ür t heoret ische Physik und Ast rophysik, Universit ät Würzburg

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Alan Br oss Fer milab Physics Advisor y Commit t ee J une 21, 2012

Mot ivat ion

• The idea of using a muon st orage ring t o produce

neut rino beams f or experiment s is not new

• 50 GeV beam – Koshkarev @ CERN in 1974
• 1 GeV – Neuf f er in 1980
• The f acilit y/ program I will describe here can:
• Address t he large ∆m2 oscillat ion regime and make a maj or

cont ribut ion t o t he st udy of st erile neut rinos

• Eit her allow f or precision st udy, if t hey exist in t his regime
• Or great ly expand t he dis-allowed region
• Make precision νe and νe-bar cross-sect ion measurement s
• Provide a t echnology t est demonst rat ion ( µ decay ring) and µ

beam diagnost ics t est bed

• Provide a precisely underst ood ν beam f or det ect or st udies

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Short -baseline ν oscillat ion st udies

• St erile neut rinos arise

nat urally in many ext ensions of t he St andard Model.

• GUT models
• Seesaw mechanism f or n

mass

• Cosmological models of

evolut ion of early universe

• “Dark” sect or
• Experiment al hint s
• LSND
• MiniBooNE
• React or “anomaly”

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Global const raint s on st erile ν in a 3+1 model

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10-100kW

I DS-NF Single baseline, Lower E

This is t he simplest implement at ion

• f t he NF

And DOES NOT Require t he Development of ANY New Technology 150 m

Neut rinos f rom STORed Muons

µ-based ν beams

• Flavor cont ent f ully known
• “Near Absolut e” Flux Det erminat ion is possible in a st orage ring
• Beam current , polarizat ion, beam divergence monit or, µp

spect romet er

• Overall, t here is t remendous cont rol of syst emat ic uncert aint ies

wit h a well designed syst em

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e e

e e ν ν µ ν ν µ

µ µ − − + +

→ →

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Oscillat ion channels

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8 out of 12 channels pot ent ially accessible

Alan Br oss Fer milab Physics Advisor y Commit t ee J une 21, 2012

The Facilit y

Baseline(s)

• 100 kW Target St at ion
• Assume 60 GeV prot on
• Fermilab PI P era
• Ta t arget
• Opt imizat ion on-going
• Horn collect ion af t er t arget
• Li lens has also been explored
• Collect ion/ t ranspor t channel
• Two opt ions
• St ochast ic inj ect ion of π
• Kicker wit h π → µ decay channel
• At present NOT considering

simult aneous collect ion of bot h signs

• Decay ring
• Large apert ure FODO
• Racet rack FFAG
• I nst rument at ion
• BCTs, mag-Spec in arc, polarimet er

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150 m

π product ion

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I n moment um range 4.5 < 5.0 < 5.5 Obt ain ≈ 0.11 π±/ pot wit h 60 GeV p

Target / capt ure opt imizat ion ongoing

I nj ect ion Concept

• π’s are in injection orbit
• separat ed by chicane
• μ’s are in ring circulat ing orbit
• lower energy - ~3.8 GeV/ c
• ~30cm separat ion bet ween

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• Concept works f or FODO lat t ice
• Work in progress f or RFFAG

FODO Decay ring

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3.8 GeV/ c ± 10% moment um accept ance, circumf erence = 350 m

FFAG Racet rack

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δp/ p ≈ 15%

3.8 GeV/ c Low dispersion in st raight

RFFAG Tracking St udies

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FFAG Tracking

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> 90% dynamic apert ure

FODO vs. RFFAG

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The Physics Reach

Assumpt ions

• Nµ = (POT) X (π/ POT) X εcollect ion X εinj X (µ/π) X Adynamic X Ω
• 1021 POT in 5 years of running @ 60 GeV in Fermilab PI P era
• 0.1 π/ POT (FODO)
• εcollect ion = 0.8
• εinj = 0.8
• µ/π = 0.08 (γct X µ capt ure in π → µ decay) [π decay in

st raight ]

Might do bet t er wit h a π → µ decay channel

• Adynamic = 0.75 (FODO)
• Ω = St raight / circumf erence rat io (0.43) (FODO)
• This yields ≈ 1.7 X 1018 usef ul µ decays

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Eν spect ra (µ+ st ored)

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νe νµ-bar

Event rat es/ 100T at ND hall 50m f rom st raight wit h µ+ st ored

Experiment al Layout

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Must rej ect t he “wrong” sign µ wit h great ef f iciency

Appearance Channel:

νe → νµ

Golden Channel

Why νµ → νe Appearance Ch. not possible

150

~ 1500 m

Baseline Det ect or

Super B I ron Neut rino Det ect or: SuperBI ND

• Magnet ized I ron
• 1.3 kT
• Following MI NOS ND

ME design

• 1-2 cm Fe plat e
• 5 m diamet er
• Ut ilize superconduct ing

t ransmission line f or excit at ion

• Developed 10 years

ago f or VLHC

• Ext ruded scint illat or

+SiPM

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20 cm hole For 3 t urns

• f STL

Event Candidat es in SuperBI ND

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Hit s R vs. Z

Simulat ion – νµ appearance

• Full GEANT4 Simulat ion
• Ext rapolat ion f rom I SS and I DS-NF

st udies f or t he MI ND det ect or

• Uses GENI E t o generat e t he neut rino

int eract ions.

• I nvolves a f lexible geomet ry t hat allows

t he dimensions of t he det ect or t o be alt ered easily (f or opt imizat ion purposes, f or example).

• Does not yet have t he det ailed B f ield,

but paramet erized f it is very good

• Event select ion/ cut s
• Cut s-based analysis
• Mult ivariat e t o come lat er

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Event reconst ruct ion ef f iciency

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Lef t : 1 cm plat es, Right : 2 cm plat es

Backgrounds

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Lef t : 1 cm plat es Right : 2 cm plat es

Raw Event Rat es

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3+1 Assumpt ion Appearance channels

νe → νµ appearance CPT invariant channel t o MiniBooNE

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2 cm plat e

νe → νµ appearance CPT invariant channel t o MiniBooNE

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3+1 Assumpt ion

Required µ charge mis-I D rat e needed f or given sensit ivit y

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Disappearance Experiment s

Raw Event Rat es

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3+1 Assumpt ion Appearance channels Tremendous St at ist ical Signif icance

Disappearance channels But : Need self -consist ent t wo-det ect or simulat ion including (bin-t o-bin) uncorrelat ed shape error ~ 10% A challenge: t here may be oscillat ions already in near det ect ors

Geomet ry import ant f or ∆m2 ~ 101 – 103 eV2

Suit abilit y (& opt imizat ion) of SuperBI ND f or νe channels st ill needs t o be st udied

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Cross-Sect ion Measurement s

ν Cross-sect ion measurement s

Cross-sect ion measurement s

• µ st orage ring present s only way t o measure νµ & νe &

( ) x-sect ions in same experiment

Support s f ut ure long-baseline experiment s

Eν mat ched well t o needs of t hese experiment s

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Alan Br oss Fer milab Physics Advisor y Commit t ee J une 21, 2012

and ν ν

νe

Proj ect Considerat ions

I mpact St at ement s

PPD

I t is underst ood t hat LBNE may not proceed

wit h near det ect or hall in Phase I . However, we believe t hat regardless of t he f inal decision regarding t he ND in LBNE Phase I , st udies/ simulat ion will occur and t hey will be synergist ic wit h t he needs of νSTORM

AD

We agree t hat AP0 is not appropriat e and

t his opt ion is dropped. I will address t he sit ing plan next .

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Sit ing

• The f avored concept

is t o f ollow t he plan t hat was developed f or t he NuMI Proj ect (no not t hat one) – SBL MI -40, short BL ντ (1994).

• Ut ilize MI abort line

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Sit ing Concept

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A Perf ect νSTORM?

• LAr1 in D0 pit
• SuperBI ND f it s in

t he D0 high bay

• νµ beam (f r. π decay,

Turn 1)

• µ decay ν beam
• Wit h 40k evt s/ t on

add small LAr det ect or at near hall in addit ion t o t he 1-200T of SuperBI ND

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• νµ appearance in SuperBI ND
• νµ and νe disappearance in bot h SuperBI ND & LAr
• νe appearance in LAr f rom νµ f rom π decay
• Upgrade – magnet ize t he LAr
• νµ appearance LAr
• νe appearance (f rom νµ → νe) in LAr ?

Preliminary Cost Est imat e

Maj or Component s

Beamline, Target St at ion & Horn Transport line Decay ring Det ect ors (Far & Near) Proj ect Of f ice Tot al

• Basis of Est imat ion (BOE)
• Took exist ing f acilit ies (MiniBooNE beam line and t arget

st at ion, MI NOS det ect or, vet t ed magnet cost ing models, µ2e civil const ruct ion cost s, EuroNu det ect or cost ing, have added all cost loading f act ors and have escalat ed t o 2012 $ when necessary.

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$30M 9 54 18 15 $126M

Moving Forward

Moving f orward:

• Facilit y
• Target ing, capt ure/ t ransport & I nj ect ion
• Need t o complet e det ailed design and simulat ion
• Decay Ring opt imizat ion
• Cont inued st udy of bot h RFFAG & FODO decay rings
• Decay Ring I nst rument at ion
• Def ine and simulat e perf ormance of BCT, polarimet er, Magnet ic-

spect romet er, et c.

• Produce f ull G4Beamline simulat ion of all of t he above t o

def ine ν f lux

• And verif y t he precision t o which it can be det ermined.

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Moving f orward:

• Det ect or simulat ion
• For oscillat ion st udies, cont inue MC st udy of backgrounds &

syst emat ics

• St art st udy of disappearance channels
• I n part icular t he event classif icat ion in t he reconst ruct ion needs
• pt imizat ion.
• Current ly assumes "longest t rack" is int eract ion muon.
• Plan t o assign hit s t o and f it mult iple t racks.
• Vert ex def init ion must also be improved.
• Mult ivariat e analysis.
• For cross-sect ion measurement s need det ect or baseline design
• Learn much f rom det ect or work f or LBNE & I DS-NF
• I ncreased emphasis on νe int eract ions, however

Produce Full Proposal

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Est imat e ef f ort t o produce f ull proposal

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νSTORM: Conclusions

The Physics case:

• I nit ial simulat ion work indicat es t hat a L/ E ≈ 1 oscillat ion experiment

using a muon st orage ring can conf irm/ exclude at 10σ (CPT invariant channel) t he LSND/ MiniBooNE result

• νµ and (νe ) disappearance experiment s delivering at t he <

1% level look t o be doable

• Syst emat ics need caref ul analysis
• Det ailed simulat ion work on t hese channels has not yet st art ed
• Det ect or implicat ions?
• Cross sect ion measurement s wit h near det ect or(s) of f er a unique
• pport unit y

The Facilit y:

• Present s very manageable ext rapolat ions f rom exist ing t echnology
• But can explore new ideas regarding beam opt ics and inst rument at ion
• Of f ers opport unit ies f or ext ensions
• Add RF f or bunching/ accelerat ion/ phase space manipulat ion
• Provide µ source f or 6D cooling experiment wit h int ense pulsed beam

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νSTORM : Conclusions I I

The Det ect or:

• I s based on demonst rat ed t echnology and f ollows engineering

principles f rom exist ing det ect ors

• Technology ext rapolat ions (scint illat or readout ) are perf ect ly

aligned wit h development work wit hin Fermilab’s exist ing program (µ2e)

• Magnet izat ion is based on t echnology t hat was f ully vet t ed over

10 years ago

• But has been in a dormant st at e

νSTORM :

• Delivers on t he physics f or t he st udy of st erile ν
• Of f ering a new approach t o t he product ion of ν beams set t ing a

10 σ benchmark t o conf irm/ exclude LSND/ MiniBooNE

• Can add signif icant ly t o our knowledge of ν cross-sect ions,

part icularly f or νe int eract ions

• Provides an accelerat or t echnology t est bed
• Provides a powerf ul ν det ect or t est f acilit y

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νSTORM : St erile ν

Of t he 30+ concept s t hat have recent ly been discussed in t he lit erat ure t o search f or/ st udy st erile neut rinos, νSTORM is t he only one t hat can do all of t he f ollowing:

• Make a direct t est of t he LSND and MiniBooNE

anomalies.

• Provide st ringent const raint s f or bot h νe and νµ

disappearance t o over const rain 3+N oscillat ion models and t o t est t he Gallium and react or anomalies direct ly.

• Test t he CP- and T-conj ugat ed channels as well, in
• rder t o obt ain t he relevant clues f or t he underlying

physics model, such as CP violat ion in 3 + 2 models.

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END

Thank You

Back Ups

Det ect or Considerat ions

• Ot her opt ions
• Tot ally Act ive Scint illat or - TASD
• LAr
• Present opport unit y t o measure νe appearance?
• Must be Magnet ized, however
• A hybrid approach (ext ernal µ spect romet er) is a possibilit y

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Fine-Resolut ion Tot ally Act ive Segment ed Det ect or (I DS-NF)

Simulat ion of a Tot ally Act ive Scint illat ing Det ect or (TASD) using Noνa and Minerνa concept s wit h Geant 4

3 cm 1.5 cm 15 m

u

3333 Modules (X and Y plane)

u

Each plane contains 1000 slabs

u

Total: 6. 7M channels

• Momenta between 100 MeV/ c to 15 GeV/ c
• Magnetic f ield considered: 0. 5 T
• Reconstructed position resolution ~ 4. 5 mm

15 m B = 0. 5T 35 kT Tot al Mass

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Magnet - Concept f or I DS-NF

• VLHC SC Transmission

Line

• Technically proven
• Af f ordable

1 m iron wall thickness. ~2. 4 T peak f ield in the iron. Good f ield unif ormity R&D t o support concept Has not been f unded

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TASD Perf ormance

ν Event Reconst ruct ion ε Muon charge mis-I D rat e

Excellent σE

Det ect or Opt ions

Fid Volume B Recon Costing Model SuperBI ND ☑ ☑ ☑ ☑ Mag-TASD ☑ ☑ ☑ ☑ Mag-LAr ☑ ☑ ☑ ☑

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☑ Yes - OK ☑ Maybe ☑ Not Yet

Technology check List

Cost ing Det ails

Beamline & Target St at ion

• Based on MiniBooNE
• Horn & PS, misc elect rical equipment

$6.0M

• I nst rument at ion

.5

• Civil (~ 2XMiniBooNE)

6.3

• Beam line

1.5

• Tot al

$14.3

• Escalat ing f act ors
• 1.5 – t o include f ully loaded SWF
• 1.35 – in 2012 $
• Tot al: $30M

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Decay Ring

• Magnet s (Used St rauss & Green Cost ing Model) – V. Kashikhin

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nuSt or m Super conduct ing Magnet s cost est imat ion J une 14, 2012 Pole f ield Lengt h Aper t ur e Quant it y Gr adient Magnet Cost * Tot al cost 3.142 Cr yo Name Type Bp, T Lm, m Da, m Qt y G, T/ m C, M$ Tot al C, M$ Cr ,M$ D1 Dipole 3.9 0.85 0.3 24 0.4787 11.488 1.56 Q1 Quadr upole 3.8 0.5 0.3 30 6.33 0.2070 6.210 1.95 Q2 Quadr upole 1.6 0.6 0.3 33 2.67 0.1295 4.273 2.145 Q3 Quadr upole 0.4 0.6 0.3 63 0.67 0.0526 3.313 4.095 150 25.3 M$ 9.8 * - magnet cost calculat ed using t he magnet ic f ield ener gy volume wher e Lm is t he magnet lengt h

Decay Ring – Est imat e I I

• 2.68838

• 2.56058

• 2.43127

• 2.45204

• 0.108

• 0.108

• 1.086

• 0.804088

• 0.76149

• 2.05816

• 1.61757

$13,517,101.53

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• From Alex Bogacz (ring designer)

Decay Ring

• Used bigger number f or magnet s
• PS & I nst rument at ion - $1M
• Vacuum - $2M
• Civil - $15.7M
• Based on µ2e t unnel cost s (&dept h) ($9.5k/ f oot ) t imes 1.5 t o f ully

load, EDI A…

• Tot al: 53.8M
• Not e: Transport line cost ed at 17% (by lengt h) of DR - $9M

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Det ect ors

• Assumed t ot al of 1.5 kT mass
• Opt ion 1
• Took MI NOS as built and added overhead t o SWF (includes all R&D)

and escalat ed t o 2012 $ (1.35) - $10M/ kT and t hen added $3M f or STL R&D – Tot al $18M

• Opt ion 2
• Took EuroNu cost model f or NF det ect or – magnet ized iron neut rino

det ect or (MI ND), added OH t o SWF - $8M/ kT

• Technology changes f rom MI NOS:
• SiPMs
• ASI C elect ronics
• STL magnet izat ion
• Used Bigger Number

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