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NATURAL CEMENT DISTRIBUTION LTD. NATURAL CEMENT DISTRIBUTION LTD.

TECHNICAL PRESENTATION ON NATURAL CEMENT & HOW IT CAN BENEFIT THE WATER INDUSTRY PRESENTED BY PHIL RICHARDSON

MORTAR CHARACTERISTICS STRENGTHS

In accordance with AFNOR Standard EN 196-1, using a standardised mix: Cement/sand ratio = 1/2 (Sand complying with AFNOR Standard); Water/cement ratio = 0.40 Typical average values in Mpa

Time periods Compressive strength Flexible strength

15 mins 5 1 1 h 7 1.5 3 h 9 2 1 day 16 3 7 days 27 3.5 28 days 51 6 91 70 7 6 months 75 8 1 year 83 9 Steady increase in Compressive strength over 1 year and thereafter.

Histograms of resistance to Sulphuric Acid (ph=4)

³ ³

RESISTANCE TO SEAWATER AND SULPHATED WATER

In accordance with NF P 18 837 Standard (special products intended for hydraulic binder-based concrete work) (C.E.B.T.P. Test No. 31114.6.883)

Mix designation Age Expansion in µ Fresh water Seawater Sulphuric water 7 days 13 17 13 NATCEM+ 0.3% citric acid 28 days 13 37 30 1/2 mortar, w/c = 0.40 3 months 40 120 70 6 months 40 133 70 7 days 17 73 23 O.P.C. CEM 1 52.5 28 days 23 227 83 1/3 mortar, w/c = 0.33 3 months 97 1147 235 6 months 97 2047 360

According to the NF P 18 821 Standard covering standard guaranteed properties for special products intended for hydraulic binder-based concrete work :« After six months immersed in fresh water, the elongation of test specimens shall be less than or equal to 400 µ. After six months immersed in either seawater or sulphated water, the elongation of test specimens shall be less than or equal to 600 µ. »

WATER PERMEABILITY TEST OF WATER PERMEABILITY TEST OF NATURAL CEMENT MORTAR NATURAL CEMENT MORTAR

% CHANGE IN WEIGHT % CHANGE IN WEIGHT WHEN SUBMERSED IN SULPHURIC ACID pH4 WHEN SUBMERSED IN SULPHURIC ACID pH4

250 500 750 1000 1250 1500 1750 2000 2250 7 DAYS 28 DAYS 3 MONTHS 6 MONTHS O.P.C CEM I 52.5 NATCEM

RESISTANCE TO SEA WATER RESISTANCE TO SEA WATER ( Expansion in ( Expansion in µ µ ) )

2 4 6 8 10 12 14

DEPTH OF CARBONATION

1 DAY 3 DAYS 7 DAYS 10 DAYS 21 DAYS 28 DAYS 36 DAYS 60 DAYS

AGE (DAYS)

NATCEM CEM II b 32.5

CARBON CARBON DIOXIDE PENETRATION DIOXIDE PENETRATION

CORROSION RESISTANCE OF NATCEM 35, CORROSION RESISTANCE OF NATCEM 35, PMC1 PMC1 AND THE CONTROL CONCRETE AND THE CONTROL CONCRETE

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 2 4 6 8 1 1 2 1 4 1 6 1 8 2 2 2 2 4 2 6 2 8 3

Time (days) Corrosion current (mAmp)

PMC 1 Control NATCEM 35

Contaminate SOL A SOL B SOL C SOL D SOL E SOL F

pH 7.8 2.5 8.0 7.8 7.0 2.5 Sulfate 4200 4200 4200 4200 4200 4200 Sulfide 34 34

• Chloride
• 218

24 Arsenic 5 5 65 1 Cadmium

• 0.8

Chromium 23 23 39 41 Cobalt

• 11

Copper 26.5 26.5 180 103 Lead 91 91 530 130 Manganese 355 355

• 730

Mercury

• 2

0.1 Nickel 23.5 23.5 28 43 Vanadium

• 47

Zinc 65 65 351 175 Phenol 1 1 3.5

• Toluene

100 100 100 100

BRE TEST SOLUTIONS BRE TEST SOLUTIONS

Sol G = water control, all contaminants in mg/l

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 A B C D E F G (WATER) SOLUTIONS COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH 28 DAYS 1 YEAR 3 YEARS COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF 100 MM CUBES OF NATURAL CEMENT CONCRETE AFTER IMMERSION IN SOLUTIONS A-G FOR 1 YEAR & 3 YEARS

MASS OF 100 MM CUBES OF NATURAL CEMENT (NC) CONCRETE MASS OF 100 MM CUBES OF NATURAL CEMENT (NC) CONCRETE IMMERSED IN SOLUTIONS A IMMERSED IN SOLUTIONS A-

• G FOR 1 YEAR

G FOR 1 YEAR

Cube identity Initial mass/g Final Mass/g Mass Change/g Mass change /%N Solution identity

NC-9 2342.5 2351.8 +9.3 +0.40 A NC-10 2354.3 2365.1 +10.8 +0.46 A NC-11 2347.0 2356.9 +9.9 +0.42 A NC-20 2376.2 2388.2 +12.0 +0.51 B NC-21 2351.6 2363.5 +11.9 +0.51 B NC-22 2354.2 2367.0 +12.8 +0.54 B NC-31 2360.1 2368.7 +8.6 +0.36 C NC-32 2361.8 2372.3 +10.5 +0.44 C NC-33 2426.9 2437.8 +10.9 +0.45 C NC-42 2351.7 2359.1 +7.4 +0.31 D NC-43 2353.4 2362.1 +8.7 +0.37 D NC-44 2357.1 2365.4 +8.3 +0.35 D NC-53 2344.8 2352.4 +7.6 +0.32 E NC-54 2361.0 2368.5 +7.5 +0.32 E NC-55 2350.6 2658.2 +7.6 +0.32 E NC-64 2367.4 2375.3 +7.9 +0.33 F NC-65 2327.8 2336.9 +9.1 +0.39 F NC-66 2380.3 2390.9 +10.6 +0.45 F NC-76 2327.7 2334.3 +6.6 +0.28 G NC-77 2365.9 2372.3 +6.4 +0.27 G NC-78 2327.4 2335.0 +7.6 +0.33 G

Cube identity Initial mass/g Final Mass/g Mass Change/g Mass change /%N Solution identity

NC-1 2342.8 2356.6 +13.8 +0.59 A NC-2 2351.4 2366.6 +15.2 +0.65 A NC-3 2344.6 2358.2 +13.6 +0.58 A NC-12 2364.7 2385.2 +20.5 +0.87 B NC-13 2335.1 2357.9 +22.8 +0.98 B NC-14 2357.7 2378.7 +21.0 +0.89 B NC-23 2332.2 2350.4 +18.20 +0.78 C NC-24 2332.9 2350.6 +17.7 +0.76 C NC-25 2360.2 2377.3 +17.1 +0.72 C NC-34 2354.4 2368.1 +13.7 +0.58 D NC-35 2372.3 2384.9 +12.6 +0.53 D NC-36 2324.9 2338.1 +13.2 +0.57 D NC-45 2330.7 2342.2 +11.5 +0.49 E NC-46 2321.2 2334.6 +13.4 +0.58 E NC-47 2365.7 2378.6 +12.9 +0.55 E NC-56 2356.0 2373.5 +17.5 +0.74 F NC-57 2322.6 2341.0 +18.4 +0.79 F NC-58 2353.3 2370.0 +16.7 +0.71 F NC-67 2390.8 2401.9 +11.1 +0.46 G NC-68 2332.9 2343.5 +10.6 +0.45 G NC-69 2356.2 2366.4 +10.2 +0.43 G

MASS OF 100 MM CUBES OF NATURAL CEMENT (NC) CONCRETE MASS OF 100 MM CUBES OF NATURAL CEMENT (NC) CONCRETE IMMERSED IN SOLUTIONS A IMMERSED IN SOLUTIONS A-

• G FOR 3 YEARS

G FOR 3 YEARS

CONCRETE REPAIRS VERTICAL COST COMPARISON BETWEEN NATCEM 35 AND FOSROC SYSTEM

FOSROC CEMENTITIOUS SYSTEM BASED ON JANUARY 1998 PRICES. Based on a 10 mm thick repair Cost per Sq.m. PRIMER NITOBOND HAR £7.35 per litre 4 sq.m. per litre £ 1.84 REPAIR MATERIAL RENDEROC HB £2.06 per litre 10 litres per sq.m £ 20.60 CURING NITOBOND AR £7.62 per litre 8 sq.m. per litre £ 0.95 TOTAL COST OF MATERIAL £ 23.39

COST OF REPAIR 1 BAG OF NATCEM 35

NO PRIMER ONLY WATER WORKS IN WET AND COLD DOWN TO 0°C NO CURING AGENT REQUIRES. DWI CURING REQUIREMENT ½ HOUR ALLOWS EARLY FILLING OF RESERVOIRS, PIPES ETC.

LABOUR REQUIRED TO CARRY OUT CONCRETE REPAIR

3 PART SYSTEM NATCEM 35 SYSTEM

PRIMER DAY 1 DAMPEN DAY 1 FIX FORMWORK CARRY OUT REPAIR DAY 2 DAY 1 APPLY CURING AGENT STRIP FORMWORK DAY 3 DAY 1 PAINT REPAIR ETC. DAY 10 DAY 1 REMOVE CONES OR SCAFFOLDING DAY 10 DAY 1

LABOUR 4 VISITS TO SITE

1 VISIT TO SITE

A SELECTION OF CLIENTS, CONSULTANTS AND CONTRACTORS A SELECTION OF CLIENTS, CONSULTANTS AND CONTRACTORS WHO HAVE USED & APPROVED WHO HAVE USED & APPROVED NATURAL CEMENT PRODUCTS & SYSTEMS NATURAL CEMENT PRODUCTS & SYSTEMS

LONDON UNDERGROUND LTD. AMEY PETER COX ABERDEENSHIRE COUNCIL KENWOOD PLC GATESHEAD COUNCIL TIMBERWISE EURO TUNNEL YORKSHIRE WATER ENGLISH HERITAGE EDMUND NUTTALL SEVERN TRENT WATER STONBURY LTD SIMPSON CIVIL ENG. MOWLEM BARCOL LTD S.E.S. LTD DONCASTER M.B.C DOVER HARBOUR BOARD GRANT RAIL VOLKERLASER NETWORK RAIL RYAN CONTRACTING ROYAL AIR FORCE H.M. PRISON SERVICE U.K. COAL WELSH WATER SKANSKA SIR ROBERT McALPINE AMCO V.A. CROOKES GLEESON BRITISH WATERWAYS EXPERTREAT LTD KIER AQUAREND

CONCLUSION CONCLUSION

What conclusions can we reach What conclusions can we reach regarding regarding Natural Cement Distribution Natural Cement Distribution Products & Systems ? Products & Systems ?

NATURAL CEMENT NATURAL CEMENT PRODUCTS & SYSTEMS PRODUCTS & SYSTEMS

• PROVEN

PROVEN

• USER FRIENDLY

USER FRIENDLY

• ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY

ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY

• WHERE TIME IS LIMITED

WHERE TIME IS LIMITED

• DRINKING WATER APPROVAL

DRINKING WATER APPROVAL

• ADVERSE CONDITIONS

ADVERSE CONDITIONS

• CHEMICALLY RESISTANT

CHEMICALLY RESISTANT

• PROVEN TIME & MONEY SAVER

PROVEN TIME & MONEY SAVER

• APPROVED BY MAJOR COMPANIES AND

APPROVED BY MAJOR COMPANIES AND CONTRACTORS IN THE UK & AROUND THE WORLD CONTRACTORS IN THE UK & AROUND THE WORLD

WISH TO THANK YOU FOR ATTENDING THIS PRESENTATION

NATURAL CEMENT DISTRIBUTION LTD. NATURAL CEMENT DISTRIBUTION LTD.