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PORTLAND CEMENT
GRAY GOLD
CEMENT 101
CONCRETE IS MADE FROM CEMENT, SAND, ROCKS, AND WATER THE CEMENT IS THE COMPONENT THAT “GLUES” THE MATERIALS TOGETHER
PORTLAND CEMENT GRAY GOLD CEMENT 101 CONCRETE IS MADE FROM CEMENT, - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
PORTLAND CEMENT GRAY GOLD CEMENT 101 CONCRETE IS MADE FROM CEMENT, - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
PORTLAND CEMENT GRAY GOLD CEMENT 101 CONCRETE IS MADE FROM CEMENT, SAND, ROCKS, AND WATER THE CEMENT IS THE COMPONENT THAT GLUES THE MATERIALS TOGETHER QUICK HISTORY OF CEMENT The ancient Egyptians used calcined gypsum as a cement.
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QUICK HISTORY OF CEMENT
- The ancient Egyptians used calcined gypsum as a cement.
- The Greeks and Romans used lime made by heating limestone and
added sand to make mortar, with coarser stones for concrete.
- Joseph Aspdin took out a patent in 1824 for "Portland Cement," a
material he produced by firing finely-ground clay and limestone until the limestone was calcined. He called it Portland Cement because the concrete made from it looked like Portland stone, a widely-used building stone in England.
- A few years later, in 1845, Isaac Johnson made the first modern
Portland Cement by firing a mixture of chalk and clay at much higher temperatures, similar to those used today. At these temperatures of over 2,500 degrees f (1400C-1500C), clinkering
- ccurs and minerals form which are very reactive and more
strongly cementitious.
- A ship carrying barrels of Aspdin's cement sank off the Isle of
Sheppey in Kent, England, and the barrels of set cement, minus the wooden staves, were later incorporated into a pub in Sheerness and are still there now. Those who wish can sip a pint and contemplate cement history.
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HOW IT IS MADE
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Traditional Manufacture of Portland Cement
Stone reduced to 125 mm (5 inch) Stone reduced to 20 mm (3/4 inch) Quarry
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- 2. Raw materials are ground to powder and
blended.
- 2. Raw materials are ground, mixed with
water to form slurry, and blended.
LIMESTONE (CALCIUM) – 70% CLAY/SHALE (ALUMINA) – 15% SAND (SILICA) – 10% IRON (IRON) – 5%
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- 3. Burning changes raw mix chemically and
physically into cement clinker.
CALCINATION OCCURS TO THE LIMESTONE BY DRIVING OFF THE CO2 BECOMES A REACTIVE LIME MATERIAL – ABOUT 1,500 F THE KILN REACHES TEMPERATURES OF 3,000 F AND THE MOLTEN MATERIALS FORM CLINKER CLINKER IS PRODUCED AND COOLED
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- 4. Clinker with gypsum is ground into
portland cement and shipped.
GYPSUM IS ADDED TO MODERATE THE CHEMICAL REACTION WHEN WATER IS ADDED OTHERWISE THE CEMENT WOULD SET IMMEDIATELY – NOT ALLOWING ANY TIME TO MIX IT WITH THE SAND AND STONE AS WELL AS GIVING AMPLE TIME TO GET THE CONCRETE TO THE JOBSIDE AND PLACE IT. GYPSUM IS ADDED AT ABOUT 6% T0 10% WITH THE CLINKER
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HOW IT IS LOADED
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HOW IT IS UNLOADED
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10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
US CEMENT CONSUMPTION - PRODUCTION MILLIONS OF METRIC TONS
DOMESTIC IMPORT TOTL
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100 200 300 ???? INDIA USA TURKEY VIETNAM INDO
- S. KOREA JAPAN
RUSSIA EGYPT
290 89 84 80
50
67 56 56 55 55
150 250
TOP 10 CEMENT PRODUCING COUNTRIES 2018
MILLIONS OF METRIC TONS
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800 1,600 2,400 CHINA INDIA USA TURKEY VIETNAM INDO
- S. KOREA JAPAN
RUSSIA EGYPT
290 89 84 80
400
67 56 56 55 55
1,200 2,000
TOP 10 CEMENT PRODUCING COUNTRIES 2018
MILLIONS OF METRIC TONS 2,370
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1,400 2,800 4,200 700 2,100 3,500
WORLD CEMENT PRODUCTION 2018
MILLIONS OF METRIC TONS
4,100 TOTAL WORLD PRODUCTION CHINA 2,370 REST OF THE WORLD 1,730
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TRADE FLOWS
Canada, Great Lakes, US East Coast, US Gulf 5+ US West Coast, Hawaii 3 5 1 4 18 5 6
BLACK - 2018 RED - 2006
US Gulf, US East Coast, Canada
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MAYBE THE WORST
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