Nanostructured Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage Jeffrey - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Nanostructured Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage Jeffrey - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Nov 26, 2023 142 likes •309 views

Presentation for 2016 Energy Research Collaboration Workshop 5/10/2016 Nanostructured Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage Jeffrey T. Glass Professor, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Professor, Departments of

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Presentation for 2016 Energy Research Collaboration Workshop 5/10/2016

Nanostructured Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage

Jeffrey T. Glass Professor, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Professor, Departments of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Hogg Family Director of Engineering Management and Entrepreneurship Duke University, Pratt School of Engineering Durham, NC 27708

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The Team and Funding

Students: Isvar Cordova, Billyde Brown, Shane DiDona, Isa Ferrell, Phillip Herr, Philemon Henry, Erich Radauscher, James Thostenson, Akshay Raut, Barbara Raynal, Zach Russell, Doreen Wong, Stephen Ubnoske, Tanouir Aloui, Tasso von Windheim, Yihao Zhao Post Doc: Edgard Ngaboyamahina Research Scientists: Matt Kirley, Jason Amsden Lab Director: Charles Parker Collaborator: Brian R. Stoner, Sr. Research Fellow, RTI Int. Research Triangle Park, NC Funding: National Science Foundation (DMR & ECCS), Department of Homeland Security, National Institutes

  • f Health, Gates Foundation,

DOE ARPA-E, DARPA, DTRA

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Capabilities

  • Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition
  • Atomic Layer Deposition of Oxides
  • In-vacuo XPS and UPS
  • Electrochemical Techniques

Voltammetry, Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), Potential Transient Measurements (PTM), Incident Photon Conversion Efficiency (IPCE)

  • Microfabrication (“MEMS”) – with RTI

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Micro-patterned CNTs

50 mm

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Vertically Aligned Graphene Nanosheets

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Graphenated CNTs

A hybrid structure of graphene foliates along the length of aligned multi-walled CNTs.

200 nm 200 nm 200 nm

Parker et al., Journal of Materials Research v27, p1046(2012)

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High capacitance achieved through hybrid graphene-CNT structure Increased deposition time correlates with increased graphene foliate density and leads to higher capacitance for energy storage.

Hybrid Graphene-CNT Nanostructures: Enhanced Energy Storage

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Hybrid Graphene-CNT Nanostructures: Enhanced Catalytic Activity

C-V curves using the ferri-ferrocyanide couple to examine catalytic activity and electron transfer rates

High catalytic activity achieved through hybrid graphene-CNT structure

200 nm

CNT g-CNT

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Solar Fuels via Atomic Layer Deposition of Nanostructured Photoelectrodes

photon

  • OH

O2

Planar FTO

photon TiO2 nanoFTO 2 μm

Self-Limiting Growth Process Enables Deposition of Conformal and Uniform Ultra-Thin Films

Porous Heterostructure Design Enhances Energy Conversion Efficiency ALD Enables Optimization of Coating Thickness without Sacrificing Porosity

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Solar Fuels via Atomic Layer Deposition

  • f Nanostructured Photoelectrodes

1 m

300 330 360 390 420 450 10 20 30 40 50 60

IPCE (%) Wavelength (nm)

TiO2(10nm)/nanoFTO TiO2 Nanowires Pure nanoFTO

Schematic of Photoconversion Mechanism (above) Expected from our Nanostructure (below) Incident Photon to Current Conversion Efficiency (IPCE) comparison between our Heteronanostructure and TiO2 Nanowires

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Additional Energy Applications of Interest

  • Miniature mass spectrometer for methane

detection

  • Electrochemical disinfection for energy neutral
  • ff-grid toilet for the developing world

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Coded Aperture Miniature Mass Spectrometer “The Ultimate Chemical Sensor”

Energy Applications: Detection of rogue methane at well heads and refinery perimeters

amu

500 microns

Microfabrication Process

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Aperture Coding: Results for Ethanol

Single Slit Aperture Raw data Mass Spectrum Slit array Aperture Raw Data Mass Spectrum

Traditional Magnetic Sector Mass Spectrometry with a Single Slit Magnetic Sector Mass Spectrometry with a Coded Aperture showing a >10x signal gain

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Energy Neutral Off- Grid Toilets for the Developing World

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Electrochemical disinfection of liquid waste

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Energy Minimization

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Mode Energy (Wh/L) Disinfection Time (mins/L) Continuous ON 5.59 15 Short-time 3.71* NA * Pulsed (50% DC) 3.76 20 Pulsed (10% DC) 1.91 48

* Disinfection was not achieved

66% energy saving by using 10% duty cycle pulsed mode as

  • pposed to continuous ON mode

Electrochemical Disinfection of Human Liquid Waste