MWEA Process Seminar 2013 Happy Microbiology = Happy Operators - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

▶
mwea process seminar 2013
SMART_READER_LITE
LIVE PREVIEW

MWEA Process Seminar 2013 Happy Microbiology = Happy Operators - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Jun 13, 2023 244 likes •1.07k views

MWEA Process Seminar 2013 Happy Microbiology = Happy Operators Brian J. Ross, Genesee County Water & Waste Services November 6, 2013 The Activated Sludge Process Microorganisms How does an operator see them? How do you use the

slide-1
SLIDE 1

MWEA Process Seminar 2013

Happy Microbiology = Happy Operators

Brian J. Ross, Genesee County Water & Waste Services November 6, 2013

slide-2
SLIDE 2
slide-3
SLIDE 3

The Activated Sludge Process

slide-4
SLIDE 4

Microorganisms – How does an operator see them?

slide-5
SLIDE 5

How do you use the Microscope?

  • Ocular Lens = 10x
  • Objective Lens = 10x, 40x, 100x
  • Light Source
  • Condenser
  • Adjustment Knob
slide-6
SLIDE 6

How do you use the Microscope?

1) Prepare the Slide

slide-7
SLIDE 7

2) Smear Preparation & Staining

Simple Staining vs Differential Staining

1) Gram Positive 2) Gram Negative 3) Neisser Stain

slide-8
SLIDE 8

Activated Sludge Microorganisms

5 Major Groups

  • Bacteria
  • Protozoa
  • Metazoa
  • Filamentous bacteria
  • Algae and fungi

Bacteria are complex, even though each has only a single cell. Bacteria are among the most abundant organisms on Earth. Bacteria make up approximately 95% of all organisms in the Activated Sludge Process.

slide-9
SLIDE 9

Bacteria – 3 Classifications

  • Aerobic
  • Anaerobic
  • Facultative

The most important microorganisms in Activated Sludge are aerobic. Bacteria are frequently classified based on how they respond to oxygen.

slide-10
SLIDE 10

Structure of Bacteria – 3 Shapes

  • Coccus (spherical or oval)
  • Bacillus (rectangular or rod-like)
  • Spirillum (spiral or corkscrew)
slide-11
SLIDE 11

Structure of Bacteria

  • 1 ) Coccus (spherical or oval)
  • ccurring singly or in pairs – called diplococci

attached in short chains – called streptococci in groups of four (4) – called tetrads in three dimensional cubes of eight – called sarcinae in grape-like clusters – called staphlyococci

slide-12
SLIDE 12

Structure of Bacteria

  • 2) Bacillus (rectangular or rod-like)
  • ccurring in pairs – called diplobacilli

in short chains – called streptobacilli

  • ccurring in short oval rods – called coccobacilli
slide-13
SLIDE 13

Structure of Bacteria

  • 3) Spirillum (spiral or corkscrew)

look like commas – called vibrios rigid body shaped like a corkscrew – called spirilla flexible body shaped like a corkscrew – called spirochetes

slide-14
SLIDE 14

How is a Bacterium Built?

  • Slime layer

excreted from the inside to the outside used for adsorption of larger particles ultimately used to form “floc”

  • Cell wall

semi-rigid used to give it shape designed to protect internal parts

  • Cell membrane

functions as an entrance and an exit to the cell secretes enzymes

  • Enzymes

proteins that cause biochemical reactions they breakdown larger particles into smaller ones smaller units can transport across membrane process call absorption

  • Method of locomotion

Single cell

wiggle or squirm glide through medium propel with flagella

slide-15
SLIDE 15

How do Bacteria Eat?

slide-16
SLIDE 16

What do Bacteria need?

  • Organic compounds

human wastes

  • Inorganic substances

iron, sulfur, nitrogen

  • Essential elements

carbon, nitrogen, phosphorous, sulfur, oxygen

  • Other nutrients

carbohydrates, sugars, fats (used for energy)

  • Miscellaneous

substances

Ions: magnesium, calcium, potassium, iron, and

chloride

slide-17
SLIDE 17

How do Bacteria Multiply?

slide-18
SLIDE 18

How do Bacteria Multiply?

slide-19
SLIDE 19

Growth in Activated Sludge

Bacteria - The Growth Curve

Lag phase Accelerated growth phase Declining growth phase Stationary phase Death phase

slide-20
SLIDE 20

How do Bacteria Multiply?

slide-21
SLIDE 21

Process Control- What can we control?

  • It’s all about the operator maintaining

favorable conditions for bacteria

  • Can we control? …. How?.....

pH dissolved oxygen levels detention times sludge age (MCRT) food to microorganism (F/M) ratio temperature Industrial discharges

slide-22
SLIDE 22

Protozoa – 3 Classifications

  • Amoebae
  • Flagellates
  • Ciliates

Free-swimming ciliates Crawling (grazing) ciliates Stalked ciliates

Protozoa play a critical role in the treatment process, digesting dispersed bacteria Protozoa make up approximately 3% of all organisms in Activated Sludge Protozoa are also single-celled microorganisms

slide-23
SLIDE 23

Protozoa

1. Amoebae (“naked”, called Proteus)

Amoebae are the most primitive Protozoa. Amoebae feed on small organic particles, algae, bacteria, and other small protozoa. Amoebae contribute very little to the overall treatment of wastewater.

slide-24
SLIDE 24

Protozoa

  • 1. Amoebae (how it feeds on small organic particles - pseudopods)
slide-25
SLIDE 25

Protozoa

  • 1. Amoebae (“testate”, called Arcella)
slide-26
SLIDE 26

Protozoa

2) Flagellates (called Flagellate Bodo) – most common

Flagellates are the most widespread of the Protozoa. Flagellates compete with bacteria for soluble nutrients. Flagellates also feed on bacteria and small algae.

slide-27
SLIDE 27

Protozoa

  • Ciliates

Free-swimming ciliates Crawling (grazing) ciliates Stalked ciliates

Comes from the Latin word “eyelash” Ciliates feed on mostly bacteria, yeast, and algae They do not contribute to the overall treatment by actively removing organic matter They do contribute to the overall clarity of the wastewater by removing suspended bacteria Abundance of ciliates indicates that most organic material has been removed from the wastewater

slide-28
SLIDE 28

Protozoa

  • Ciliates

Free-swimming ciliates

slide-29
SLIDE 29

Protozoa

  • Ciliates

Free-swimming ciliates

slide-30
SLIDE 30

Protozoa

  • Ciliates

Free-swimming ciliates

slide-31
SLIDE 31

Protozoa

  • Ciliates

Crawling (grazing) ciliates

Crawlers are not good swimmers. Common in Activated Sludge Process. Their dominance indicates good treatment Crawling ciliates gain their dominance after most soluble nutrients are removed At this stage, most of the dispersed bacteria have begun to clump together

slide-32
SLIDE 32

Protozoa

  • Ciliates Stalked ciliates

They have no cilia on their bodies The cilia around their mouth is used to gather food They rarely swim freely Found attached to almost anything Carchesium colony can contain hundreds of heads

slide-33
SLIDE 33

Factors that affect Protozoa

  • Level of Organic Nutrients
  • Dissolved Oxygen
  • Competition influence
  • Temperature

These factors influence the abundance and types of Protozoa present in the wastewater A lack of DO will severely limit the number and type of Protozoa in the system If there is a high level of organic nutrients the bacteria will out compete the Protozoa Protozoa grow best in ambient temperatures around 15-25 degrees C (+10C =2x)

slide-34
SLIDE 34

Relative Numbers of Microorganisms vs Time in Activated Sludge

slide-35
SLIDE 35

Metazoa – 3 Classifications

  • Rotifers
  • Nematodes (also bristle worms)
  • Tartigrades (water bear)

Their presence indicates treatment system conditions Metazoa are multi-cellular organisms and include all animals except Protozoa. They are larger than Protozoa. Very little to do with removal of organic matter in the Activated Sludge process.

slide-36
SLIDE 36

Metazoa

  • Rotifers
  • The word rotifer comes from the Greek word meaning “wheel bearing animal”
  • The “wheels” of the rotifer are called corona, which is covered in cilia
  • The corona provides locomotion and also brings food to the rotifer
  • The female is larger than the male. Lifespan of male is short. His purpose is to fertilize
slide-37
SLIDE 37

Metazoa

  • Rotifers
slide-38
SLIDE 38

Metazoa

  • Nematodes

Nematode is simple structure, even though it is multi-cellular. Nematodes possess a digestive, reproductive, and nervous system. They feed on bacteria, fungi, small protozoa, and sometimes other nematodes Some have teeth like a spear they use to stick prey and then use it like a straw to suck out contents

slide-39
SLIDE 39

Metazoa

  • Nematodes
slide-40
SLIDE 40

Metazoa

  • Tartigrades (water bear)

The word Taritigrade means “slow walker”. There movement is clumsy and slow. Water Bears have developed ways to survive extreme environmental swings. If they lack DO, they will swell up and float for days. If they lack water, they will shrivel like a raisin. Tartigrades are very sensitive to “toxic” conditions. They feed on algae and small protozoa. They feed like nematodes (pierce food – suck out parts)

slide-41
SLIDE 41

Metazoa

  • Tartigrades (pregnant water bear)
slide-42
SLIDE 42

The Food Web

slide-43
SLIDE 43

Filamentous – 2 Classifications

  • Foaming filaments
  • Bulking filaments
slide-44
SLIDE 44

Filamentous

  • Foaming filaments
slide-45
SLIDE 45

Foaming filaments – caused by:

  • Excess greases, oils, & fats
  • Low F/M ratio
  • Temperature changes
slide-46
SLIDE 46

Filamentous

  • Bulking filaments

1851 0041 The presence of some filamentous bacteria is helpful. They provide support structure for floc When they gain dominance they may cause settling problems Associated with changes in: temperature, DO, sludge age, nutrients, and grease.

slide-47
SLIDE 47

Bulking filaments - caused by:

  • Low DO
  • Low F/M Ratios
  • Longer Sludge ages
  • Septic wastewater
  • Nutrient deficient incoming wastewater
  • Changes in pH
  • Excess greases, oils, and fats
slide-48
SLIDE 48

Identifying types of filamentous

  • Filament shape and length
  • Cell shape and length
  • Cell septa
  • Sheath
  • Attached growth
  • Branching
  • Sulfur granules
  • Motility
slide-49
SLIDE 49

Identifying types of filamentous

  • Filament shape and length
slide-50
SLIDE 50

Identifying types of filamentous

  • Cell shape and length
slide-51
SLIDE 51

Identifying types of filamentous

  • Cell septa
slide-52
SLIDE 52

Identifying types of filamentous

  • Sheath
slide-53
SLIDE 53

Identifying types of filamentous

  • Attached growth
slide-54
SLIDE 54

Identifying types of filamentous

  • Branching
slide-55
SLIDE 55

Identifying types of filamentous

  • Sulfur granules
slide-56
SLIDE 56

Identifying types of filamentous

  • Motility
slide-57
SLIDE 57

Algae and Fungi

  • Algae contains chlorophyll

photosynthesis occurs

  • Fungi do not contain chlorophyll
slide-58
SLIDE 58

Nitrification

  • Nitrosomonas

Converts Ammonia-Nitrogen (NH4+) to Nitrite Nitrogen (NO2-)

  • Nitrobacter

Converts Nitrite Nitrogen (NO2-) to Nitrate Nitrogen (NO3-) Once cBOD is used up, Nitrification can begin Very sensitive organisms

slide-59
SLIDE 59

Who can Identify these bugs?

slide-60
SLIDE 60

Who can Identify these bugs?

slide-61
SLIDE 61

Who can Identify these bugs?

slide-62
SLIDE 62

Who can Identify these bugs?

slide-63
SLIDE 63

Who can Identify these bugs?

slide-64
SLIDE 64

Who can Identify these bugs?

slide-65
SLIDE 65

Who can Identify these bugs?

slide-66
SLIDE 66

Who can Identify these bugs?

slide-67
SLIDE 67

Who can Identify these bugs?

slide-68
SLIDE 68

Who can Identify these bugs?

slide-69
SLIDE 69

Who can Identify these bugs?

slide-70
SLIDE 70

Who can Identify these bugs?

slide-71
SLIDE 71

Who can Identify these bugs?

slide-72
SLIDE 72

Who can Identify these bugs?

slide-73
SLIDE 73

Who can Identify these bugs?

slide-74
SLIDE 74

Who can Identify these bugs?

slide-75
SLIDE 75

MWEA Process Seminar 2013

Conclusion

slide-76
SLIDE 76

MWEA Process Seminar 2013

Question & Answer

slide-77
SLIDE 77
slide-78
SLIDE 78
slide-79
SLIDE 79
slide-80
SLIDE 80
slide-81
SLIDE 81