Multiphase CFD Applied to Steam Condensation Phenomena in the Pressure Suppression Pool Marco Pellegrini N U P E C STAR Japanese Conference 2016 Yokohama, Japan – June 9 th 2016
NUCLEAR PLANTS AFFECTED BY THE 3.11 EARTHQUAKE 2 March 11 th 2011 Operating reactor Under inspection Onagawa JMA seismic intensity ~ 130 km Fukushima Daiichi Fukushima Daini 6/10/2016 STAR Japanese Conference, Yokohama, Japan
STATION BLACK OUT 3 High Pressure Alternate Cooling system R/B Courtesy of A. Obonai, Tohoku Electric Power CO Reactor Core Isolation Cooling system T-quencher RCIC quencher Experiment at SIET, Italy (IAE) Experiment at SIET, Italy (IAE) 6/10/2016 STAR Japanese Conference, Yokohama, Japan
DIRECT CONTACT CONDENSATION IN S/C 4 8.E+06 MAKE-UP WATER SYSTEMS 7.E+06 DIRECT CONTACT CONDENSATION RPV pressure [MPa(abs)] 7.E+06 R/B 7.E+06 7.E+06 7.E+06 6.E+06 6.E+06 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 Time(s) Injection point Computation by A. Buccio ~ 30 m (IAE), 2016 6/10/2016 STAR Japanese Conference, Yokohama, Japan
EULERIAN TWO-PHASE FLOW 5 Instantaneous representation Average representation Heat flux Heat flux Source terms Energy equation �� ���� � � � � ∆�∆� ��� � �� � � � � � � � � ∙ � � � � � � � � � � � � � ∙ � � � � � � ���� � � � � � � � ∙ � � � � � � � ∙ � � � ���,� �� � � � ∙ � � ∙ � � � � � � �� � � � �� � � �� �� � 6/10/2016 STAR Japanese Conference, Yokohama, Japan
HEXAHEDRAL MESH APPLIED TO A SPHERE 6 D D/16 D/32 D/64 D/128 Volume Fraction D Area Density Magnitude of Volume � � Fraction Gradient 6/10/2016 NURETH-16, Hyatt Regency, Chicago
HEXAHEDRAL MESH APPLIED TO A SPHERE 7 D D/16 D/32 D/64 D/128 Error between the computed and theoretical area 20.0% 18.0% 16.0% 14.0% Error [%] 12.0% ~ 9% error with 10.0% 8.0% large refinement 6.0% 4.0% 2.0% 0.0% d/8 d/16 d/32 d/64 d/128 6/10/2016 NURETH-16, Hyatt Regency, Chicago
POLYHEDRAL MESH APPLIED TO A SPHERE 8 D/8 D/16 D/32 Error between the computed and theoretical area 3.50% 3.00% ~ 2.5% error with 2.50% large refinement Error [%] 2.00% 1.50% 1.00% 0.50% 0.00% d/16 d/32 d/64 d/128 6/10/2016 NURETH-16, Hyatt Regency, Chicago
DOMAIN AND MESH STRATEGIES 9 Small nozzle diameter Large nozzle diameter D = 2 mm D = 210 mm Mesh elements: 305,067 6/10/2016 STAR Japanese Conference, Yokohama, Japan
DOMAIN AND MESH STRATEGIES 10 Small nozzle diameter Small nozzle diameter Large nozzle diameter Large nozzle diameter D = 2 mm D = 210 mm Mesh elements: D/16 305,067 Mesh elements: 405,067 6/10/2016 STAR Japanese Conference, Yokohama, Japan
MESH SENSITIVITY - 1 11 MESH x0.750 MESH x0.5 MESH x1.25 MESH x1.0 0.7 IFA [Mesh X 0.5] IFA [Mesh X 0.75] IFA [Mesh x1.0] 0.6 IFA [Mesh x1.25] Interfacial area [cm 2 ] 0.5 Interfacial area 0.4 0.3 � � 0.2 0.1 0.0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Time [ms] 6/10/2016 STAR Japanese Conference, Yokohama, Japan
DIRECT CONTACT CONDENSATION: CHUGGING 12 Pressure sensor Single hole pipe In recent experiment we employed transparent pipes to visualize the bubble phenomenology during direct contact condensation 6/10/2016 STAR Japanese Conference, Yokohama, Japan
EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE 13 0.2 kg/s T POOL = 57-61 °C water level Pool temperature [°C] Steam reaching point 2.8 m 1.24 m 0.231 m 6/10/2016 Severe Accident Mitigation and Research Collaboration
DIRECT CONTACT CONDENSATION: CHUGGING-2 14 pressure sensor Multi hole pipe In recent experiment we employed transparent pipes to visualize the bubble phenomenology during direct contact condensation 6/10/2016 STAR Japanese Conference, Yokohama, Japan
RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY 15 Accelerating flow field steam steam P steam P stea m A water P wate water P water r P steam P water P steam < P water Final terms for area growth n t t e t t 2 k 1 a i s 6/10/2016 NURETH-16, Hyatt Regency, Chicago
IMPLEMENTATION INTO STAR-CCM+ 16 Compressible steam flow Compressible steam flow Record amplitude length at previous time step 6/10/2016 STAR Japanese Conference, Yokohama, Japan
LARGE NOZZLE DIAMETER: POOLEX 17 pressure velocity inlet outlet T = 106 °C v = 11.02 m/s adiabatic walls D/16 WATER • Incompressible – Constant properties • k-ε standard • Temperature = 62 ºC STEAM • Compressible Time step = Courant number limited Mesh elements: 405,067 Stopping criteria at interfacial mass transfer (1% of inlet mass flow rate) 6/10/2016 STAR Japanese Conference, Yokohama, Japan
EFFECT OF RTI MODELIZATION 18 Pressure monitor 6/10/2016 STAR Japanese Conference, Yokohama, Japan
VOLUME FRACTION 19 Rayleigh-Taylor Instability Model Minimum area model Steam flow Steam flow T pool = 62 ºC T pool = 62 ºC 6/10/2016 STAR Japanese Conference, Yokohama, Japan
20 Tanskanen, Ph.D. Thesis 2012 EXP RTI model No RTI model 6/10/2016 STAR Japanese Conference, Yokohama, Japan
EFFECT OF MISPREDICTION OF CHUGGING 21 Prediction of oscillating bubble creates Chugging is responsible for very large thermal stratification in the pool mixing in the pool 6/10/2016 NURETH-16, Hyatt Regency, Chicago
SMALL NOZZLE DIAMETER: CLERX ET AL. 22 D/16 WATER • Incompressible – Constant properties • k-ε standard • Temperature = 25 ºC STEAM • Compressible Time step = Courant number limited Mesh elements: 405,067 Stopping criteria at interfacial mass transfer (1% of inlet mass flow rate) 6/10/2016 STAR Japanese Conference, Yokohama, Japan
VOLUME FRACTION FIELD 23 0.3 ms 0.6 ms 0.9 Clerx et al., 2009 1.2 ms 1.5 ms 1.8 ms Bubble implosion is less than 2 ms in the experiment at it appears immediately Rayleigh-Taylor Instability Model Minimum area model 6/10/2016 STAR Japanese Conference, Yokohama, Japan
CLERX ET AL. EXPERIMENT 24 RTI Model Minimum area model Clerx et al., 2009 6.0 Clerx Experiment BL + no RTI 5.0 RTI Penetration Length [mm] 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 Time [ms] 6/10/2016 STAR Japanese Conference, Yokohama, Japan
PREDICTION OF TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION 25 Minimum area model Measured temperature field RTI Model Clerx et al., 2009 6/10/2016 STAR Japanese Conference, Yokohama, Japan
THE CHALLENGE OF ACCIDENT COMPUTATION 26 R/B R/B R/B accident time scale [ days ] Unit 1 vent pipes Unit 3 RCIC Unit 2 RCIC 6/10/2016 STAR Japanese Conference, Yokohama, Japan
Fukushima Daiichi power plant what are the conditions at this moment? UNIT 1 UNIT 2 UNIT 3 Courtesy of S. Mizokami, TEPCO 6/10/2016 STAR Japanese Conference, Yokohama, Japan 27
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