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Multi-Indexed Files : Outline ! Introduction ! Inverted Files ! Multilist Files rasitjutrakul Organization Index by key #1 Index by key #1 Data File Index by key #2 Data File Index by key #2 Index by key #3 Index by key #3 rasitjutrakul

  1. Multi-Indexed Files : Outline ! Introduction ! Inverted Files ! Multilist Files rasitjutrakul

  2. Organization Index by key #1 Index by key #1 Data File Index by key #2 Data File Index by key #2 Index by key #3 Index by key #3 rasitjutrakul

  3. Multi-indexed Files " Data file associated with one or more logically separated index files. " Any changes that affect key values or data locations must be made on both the data file and the indexes. " Retrieval of records by more than one key is possible. rasitjutrakul

  4. Indexes " Each index may be a separate file. " All of the indexes may share one file. " The indexes may occupy a separate part of the data file. " Usually, B-tree is used for index structure. rasitjutrakul

  5. Inverted Files Admin 3 F 2 1023230Somchai M Engineer 1 Admin 4 F 3 1249822Sommai F Engineer 2 Admin 6 F 6 1255938Somsri F Admin 3 Admin 8 F 8 1290393Somchai M Admin 4 Admin 9 M 1 2938492Somsak M Architect 5 Architect 5 M 4 2989828Somrak F Admin 6 Engineer 1 M 5 3039484Somwang M Engineer 7 Engineer 2 M 7 3122939Sommai F Admin 8 Engineer 7 M 9 4399291Somchai M Admin 9 index index Data file rasitjutrakul

  6. Inverted Files 1 1023230Somchai M Engineer Admin 1255938 2 1249822Sommai F Engineer Admin 1290393 3 1255938Somsri F Admin Admin 2989828 1290393Somchai M Admin 4 Admin 3122939 F 1249822 2938492Somsak M Architect Admin 4399291 5 F 1255938 2989828Somrak F Admin Architect 2938492 6 F 2989828 3039484Somwang M Engineer Engineer 1023230 7 F 3122939 3122939Sommai F Admin Engineer 1249822 8 10232301 M 1023230 4399291Somchai M Admin Engineer 3039484 12498222 9 M 1290393 12559383 M 2938492 Data file Secondary key 12903934 M 3039484 29384925 M 4399291 29898286 30394847 31229398 Indexes 43992919 Primary key rasitjutrakul

  7. Multilist Files 1 1023230Somchai M x 4 Engineer x 2 M 1 2 1249822Sommai F x 3 Engineer 1 7 F 2 3 1255938Somsri F 2 6 Admin x 4 index 4 1290393Somchai M 1 5 Admin 3 6 2938492Somsak M 4 7 Architect x x 5 Admin 3 2989828Somrak F 3 8 Admin 4 8 6 Architect 5 3039484Somwang M 5 9 Engineer 2 x 7 Engineer 1 3122939Sommai F 6 x Admin 6 9 8 index 4399291Somchai M 7 x Admin 8 x 9 Data file rasitjutrakul

  8. Multilist Files " Advantages : – small indexes (may be kept in RAM) – ability to navigate through the data file " Disadvantages : – space required for links in the data file – complexity for maintaining the linked list rasitjutrakul

  9. Choice of Pointers " Static files : use record numbers " Dynamic files : – use record number : " change all the indexes " more complicated – use primary key : " change only primary index " require additional accesses rasitjutrakul

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