Monitoring Laboratory Animals using Wireless Ammonia Sensors Richard - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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May 25, 2023 348 likes •613 views

Monitoring Laboratory Animals using Wireless Ammonia Sensors Richard Martin 1 , Liz Kramer 2 , LaTesa Hughes 3 , Richard Howard 1,4 , Zhenhua Jia 1 Yanyong Zhang 1 Eitan Fenson 4 , WINLAB IAB Talk December, 2017 1. WINLAB, Rutgers University 2.

SLIDE 1

WINLAB

Monitoring Laboratory Animals using Wireless Ammonia Sensors

Richard Martin1, Liz Kramer2, LaTesa Hughes3, Richard Howard1,4, Zhenhua Jia1 Yanyong Zhang1 Eitan Fenson4,

WINLAB IAB Talk December, 2017

1. WINLAB, Rutgers University
2. Lenderking Caging Products
3. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
4. Inpoint Systems, Inc

SLIDE 2

WINLAB

Outline

Motivation
Background
Opportunities
Technical Challenges
Preliminary Trial Results
Conclusion

SLIDE 3

WINLAB

Lab animals: pillars of science

Neuroscience Genetics Biochemistry Entomology Pathology Toxicology Biomedical Engineering Pharmacology Psychology

SLIDE 4

WINLAB

Rats & Mice

The base of the pyramid 20-30 million used every year in the USA 8.25 million in the EU

*Seventh Report on the Statistics of the Number of Animals Used for Experimental and other Scientific Purposes of the Member States of the European Union, 2011

SLIDE 5

WINLAB

Cages and Racks

Ammonia Sensor Temperature, Light and Humidity Sensor

SLIDE 6

WINLAB

Adding Sensing

Add electronic sensing to the cage environment
Today: Temperature, light, humidity, ammonia levels
Future: capacitive touch, cameras
Sensing enables:
Science at Scale
Reproducibility
Enhanced Animal Wellbeing
Improved Operations

SLIDE 7

WINLAB

Sensor-based vision

50 100 150 200 250

Ammonia (ppm)

50 100 150 200

Sensed Data

Analysis

Reports and Actuation Today’s Cage Changes Room Rack Cages IDs C112 5 10,12,18 C114 7 5,9,27 Mice by % of time active MouseID % Time Active Cage M-673 52% 12 M-512 50% 45

SLIDE 8

WINLAB

Outline

Motivation
Background
Opportunities
Science at Scale
Animal Wellbeing
Reproducibility
Operational improvements
Technical Challenges
Preliminary Trial Results
Conclusion

SLIDE 9

WINLAB

Science at Scale

Science is labor intensive

– Costly and Slow

Sensing can reduce cost of

many activities

Higher quality and

quantity of observations

10x-100x?
Faster and Improved

Science

Identification Growth & Development Activity Quantification

SLIDE 10

WINLAB

Reproducibility

SLIDE 11

WINLAB

Animal Wellbeing

Ethics Policies Protocols & Technology

SLIDE 12

WINLAB

Operations: Performance-based cage changing

Calendar-based:
Change cages based on fixed schedule
Number of animals only factor
Performance-based:
Use in-cage sensing to schedule changes only when

conditions require.

Reduced sensing costs makes performance approach

feasible

SLIDE 13

WINLAB

Why ammonia?

Produced by bacteria

decomposing urea

– High levels -> tissue damage

Ammonia level is one of

several environmental metrics

– No clear consensus

25 and 50 PPM ammonia

typical

– based on human standards set by OSHA – Rodents can likely tolerate higher levels*

*A. R. Green, C. M. Wathes, T. G M Demmers, J. MacArthur-Clark, H. Xin, Tolerance of atmospheric ammonia by laboratory mice, ASABE Annual International Meeting, 2006

SLIDE 14

WINLAB

Outline

Motivation
Background
Opportunities
Technical Challenges
Preliminary Trial Results
Conclusion

SLIDE 15

WINLAB

Metal Oxide (MOX) Response

Time to stabilize:120 seconds Can we reduce the time to heat the MOX film from 120 seconds to <600 ms?

SLIDE 16

WINLAB

Challenge: MOX memory

Sleep time cut by 2x, then reset to max

SLIDE 17

WINLAB

Factors and Bayesian approach

Fit to spline

SLIDE 18

WINLAB

Outline

Motivation
Background
Opportunities
Technical Challenges
Preliminary Trial Results
Conclusion

SLIDE 19

WINLAB

Cage Change Study

5 female cull mice/cage
30 Air Changes/Hour
21 day cage change
Beddings:

– Cellulose: BioFresh, Alpha Dri – Corn Cob: Shepard’s Specialty Blend, Bed O’Cobs – Wood: Beta Chip, Coarse Chips, 7086G

Ammonia measurement:

– Handheld GX-6000, RKI

Front of cage modified with sampling port

– Ammonia Sensors, InPoint Systems

Placed in food/water hopper 3 hour interval
Other parameters: body weight,

temperature, relative humidity, CO2, bedding mass, moisture content of bedding, ATP in cage and on rack

SLIDE 20

WINLAB

Using Cage Sensing

Detect an Alarm Condition: leaking water bottle
Vary change frequency based on number of mice
21 day cycle for 5 mice
> 21 days possible for fewer mice

– vs 1 or 2 week intervals as is practice

Quantify impact of different beddings

SLIDE 21

WINLAB

Alarm Condition: Leaking Water Bottle

50 100 150 200

Ammonia (ppm)

InPoint RKI 0 3 7 10 14 17 21 Days after cage change leak Diurnal Variation

SLIDE 22

WINLAB

Comparing number of mice

10 20 30 40 50 60

4/30/2017 0:00 5/5/2017 0:00 5/10/2017 0:00 5/15/2017 0:00 5/20/2017 0:00 5/25/2017 0:00 5/30/2017 0:00

Ammonia (ppm) 1 mouse 2 mice 4 mice 5 mice

SLIDE 23

WINLAB

Study progressed best performing beddings into next phases. Sample number not the same in each category: Paper n=68, Corn cobb n=24, wood n=8

Ammonia(PPM) 200 300 250 150 100 50

SLIDE 24

WINLAB

Conclusions

Data revolution possible applying sensing to

laboratory animals – Better balance:

Science, animal wellbeing, human convenience
Future Directions:
Enhanced scientific outcomes
Algorithms for alarms, prediction and reporting
Mandated data disclosures?