MOBILITY, MIGRATION, AND EDUCATION IN SOUTH AFRICA Social impact of - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Social impact of COVID-19 : Mobility, Migration, and Education in South Africa

SOCIAL IMPACT OF COVID-19 (WAVE 3): MOBILITY, MIGRATION, AND EDUCATION IN SOUTH AFRICA

Social impact of COVID-19 : Mobility, Migration, and Education in South Africa

OUTLINE OF PRESENTATION

• Demographic and spatial characteristics of respondents in the sample
• Mobility
• Migration
• Vulnerability indicators
• Education
• Children’s wellbeing
• Time use

OBJECTIVE

To provide information on the impact the COVID-19 pandemic has had on mobility, migration and education in South Africa.

38,3% 26,3% 36.5% 2

Social impact of COVID-19 : Mobility, Migration, and Education in South Africa

38,3% 26,3% 36.5%

Survey Information

Sample

• Non-probability, convenience sample

Selection criteria

• Any person aged 18 years and older and who was present in South Africa during the

national lockdown was able to participate and complete the survey

Number of respondents

• 1,323

Collection period

• 17 June- 4 July 2020

Limitations

• This survey used a non-probability sample and respondents who chose to respond to

this survey are not representative of the entire South African population. The results can, therefore, not be generalised to the entire South African population

• Despite the limitations, convenience sampling was selected since it provides a quick,

convenient and affordable way to gather data, particularly during a period where face-to-face visits are not possible

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Social impact of COVID-19 : Mobility, Migration, and Education in South Africa

38,3% 26,3% 36.5% Demographic characteristic Number of respondents Percentage Sex Male 572 43,2 Female 744 56,2 Other/ Unspecified 7 0,5 Age cohort 18 - 34 316 23,9 35 - 44 476 36,0 45 - 54 375 28,3 55 - 64 128 9,7 65 - 74 22 1,7 75 and older 6 0,5 Province Number of respondents Percentage Western Cape 170 12,8 Eastern Cape 91 6,9 Northern Cape 26 2,0 Free State 54 4,1 KwaZulu-Natal 58 4,4 North West 53 4,0 Gauteng 706 53,4 Mpumalanga 45 3,4 Limpopo 46 3,5 Unspecified 74 5,6 South Africa 1 323 100,0

The majority of respondents were female (56,2%) and were from Gauteng (53,4%).

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Social impact of COVID-19 : Mobility, Migration, and Education in South Africa

• MOBILITY
• MIGRATION
• VULNERABILITY

Social impact of COVID-19 : Mobility, Migration, and Education in South Africa

6% changed their provincial residence during the national lockdown. Many

respondents (43,3%) moved between the announcement and the start of the

• lockdown. 25% who moved, wanted to be closer to their family or friends.

38,3% 26,3% 36.5%

5,9 94,1 43,3 4,5 35,8 16,4 19,1 25,0 4,4 1,5 2,9 47,1

Yes No Between the announcement and the start of lockdown During April 2020 During May 2020 Since the beginning of June Returned to usual province

• f residence

Wanted to be closer to family/friends Did not feel safe in the province I usually live It is cheaper to live here Healthcare is better here Other CHANGE OF PROVINCIAL RESIDENCE PERIOD OF MOVE REASON FOR MOVE Percentage distribution of respondents who changed their provincial residence during lockdown, by period of move and reason

MOBILITY

6

%

Social impact of COVID-19 : Mobility, Migration, and Education in South Africa

12% traveled between provinces during the national lockdown. 25% traveled to attend a funeral.

38,3% 26,3% 36.5%

14,7 13,2 25,6 14,7 31,8 12,0 88,0

0,0 10,0 20,0 30,0 40,0 50,0 60,0 70,0 80,0 90,0 100,0

To provide essential services Other work or business related travel To attend a funeral To visit family or friends Other Yes No REASON FOR TRAVEL INTER- PROVINCIAL TRAVEL SINCE LOCKDOWN Percentage distribution of respondents who travelled between provinces during lockdown, and by reason for travel

MOBILITY

7

%

Social impact of COVID-19 : Mobility, Migration, and Education in South Africa

9,2% of the respondents were migrants; the majority (82,3%) of whom live

permanently in SA. 5,3% indicated that they stayed in SA during the lockdown, as they were concerned that if they left, they would be unable to re-enter SA.

38,3% 36.5%

Percentage distribution by migrant status, and by reason for remaining in SA during the lockdown

90,8 9,2 82,3 5,3 0,9 0,9 10,6

0,0 10,0 20,0 30,0 40,0 50,0 60,0 70,0 80,0 90,0 100,0

Non-migrant Migrant SA is my residence now I was concerned that I would not be able to re-enter SA It was too expensive I was unable to get the logistics in place in time I would have been affected wherever I went CATEGORISATION REASON FOR SPENDING LOCKDOWN IN SA

8

MIGRATION

%

Social impact of COVID-19 : Mobility, Migration, and Education in South Africa

17,7% of migrants remitted during lockdown. 21,8% did not remit during lockdown because they could not afford to.

38,3% 26,3% 36.5%

17,7 82,3 58,6 21,8 1,1 18,4

0,0 10,0 20,0 30,0 40,0 50,0 60,0 70,0 80,0 90,0

Yes No I have never remitted money I could not afford to send money I could not send back money through the usual channels Other reason Remittance sent during lockdown Reason for not remitting Percentage distribution of migrants who remitted during lockdown, and reason for not remitting

9

MIGRATION

%

Social impact of COVID-19 : Mobility, Migration, and Education in South Africa

Identifying and targeting those most vulnerable to contracting COVID-19, as well as those most likely to be affected by the pandemic, is key to slowing the spread of the virus. Migrant respondents were generally more vulnerable than non-migrant respondents in indicators related to the spread of the virus, or in those making people more susceptible to contracting COVID-19.

38,3% 26,3% 36.5%

Vulnerability indicator Non-migrant Migrant

• 1. Population aged 60 and older

5,7% 7,8%

• 2. Unemployed

9,0% 22,5%

• 3. Informal sector/ part time

2,6% 7,2%

• 4. Informal dwelling/ shack

3,0% 4,5%

• 5. Household member with chronic condition

47,4% 28,9%

• 6. Crowded household (6+)

16,1% 15,2%

Percentage distribution

• f respondents by

migration status and vulnerability indicators

10

VULNERABILITY

Social impact of COVID-19 : Mobility, Migration, and Education in South Africa

• EDUCATION
• CHILDREN: WELL BEING
• CHILDREN: TIME USE

Social impact of COVID-19 : Mobility, Migration, and Education in South Africa

72,9% of children were participating in home learning during the lockdown.

67,1 83,5 72,9 31,7 16,5 26,2

0,0 10,0 20,0 30,0 40,0 50,0 60,0 70,0 80,0 90,0 100,0

Public school Private school Total

Percentage

Home schooling during lockdown No home schooling during lockdown Do not know

Percentage distribution of respondents by participation in home schooling during the lockdown and by type of school

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Social impact of COVID-19 : Mobility, Migration, and Education in South Africa

Home learning was mostly supervised by mothers (59%).

Percentage distribution of respondents by primary person who supervises home learning during the lockdown

59,0 19,7 9,2 4,3 2,8 2,6 1,3 1,1

Mother Mother and father equally Father Sibling(s) Other relative(s) Nobody Tutor Helper/Caregiver

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Social impact of COVID-19 : Mobility, Migration, and Education in South Africa

75,9% indicated that they had smart phones that could be used for home

• learning. 36,1% had access to tablets and 61,2% to laptops.

No Yes

38,3% 26,3% 36.5%

75,9 36,1 61,2 53,3 27,9 Smart phone Tablet Laptop Television Radio 72,1 46,7 38,8 63,9 24,1

Percentage distribution of respondents by tools available for home learning

14

Social impact of COVID-19 : Mobility, Migration, and Education in South Africa

6,1 % reported not having access to internet.

44,0 24,9 13,3 9,9 6,1 1,8 Cellular Fibre Wireless hotspots (i.e. TshWi-Fi Free Wifi) DSL Do not have access to the Internet Satellite

Percentage distribution of respondents with access to internet for educational purposes

15

Social impact of COVID-19 : Mobility, Migration, and Education in South Africa

68,4% of children had difficulty in adapting with the new mode of learning.

Children’s experience during the lockdown

16

Disagree strongly Disagree somewhat Agree somewhat Agree strongly

Note: Totals do not add up to 100 due to unsure respondents being excluded

24,4 30,3 22,9 20,1 39,2 38,1 36,7 28,9 11,4 13,3 14,5 18,1 13,6 9,9 13,1 20,8 Difficulty to keep up with amount of school work Difficulty in adapting with new mode of learning Anxious with amount of school work they have to complete Stressed at home

Social impact of COVID-19 : Mobility, Migration, and Education in South Africa

1 out 4 respondents thought it was safe for the children to attend school.

27,8 27,8 22,4 12,9 0,0 25,7 56,0 54,6 63,2 83,9 92,9 58,6 16,2 17,6 14,4 3,2 7,1 15,8 One child Two Children Three Children Four children Five or more children Total Safe to attend school Not safe to attend school Do not know

Percentage distribution of respondents who think that it is not safe for their children to attend school

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Social impact of COVID-19 : Mobility, Migration, and Education in South Africa

8 out 10 of respondents said attending school poses a risk to the children.

82,8 67,3 36,2 36,5 7,8 It poses a risk to them It poses a risk to others in the household It poses a risk to extended family like grandparents Is poses a risk to teachers Other Yes No 92,2 63,5 63,8 32,7 17,2

Percentage distribution of respondents by reasons given why it is not safe for children to attend school

18

Social impact of COVID-19 : Mobility, Migration, and Education in South Africa

How did the children spend their time during the lockdown?

Disagree strongly Disagree somewhat Agree somewhat Agree strongly

• Education
• Children well being
• Children time use

Percentage distribution of children, by time spent

19

Note: Totals do not add up to 100 due to unsure respondents being excluded

15,2 18,6 18,8 68,5 60,2 50,0 6,3 7,6 8,7 3,8 5,2 9,8 Watching television during the lockdown than usual On the internet during the lockdown than usual Playing video games during the lockdown than usual

Social impact of COVID-19 : Mobility, Migration, and Education in South Africa

NDZI HELA KWALA!