MOBILITY, MIGRATION, AND EDUCATION IN SOUTH AFRICA Social impact of - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Social impact of COVID-19 : Mobility, Migration, and Education in South Africa SOCIAL IMPACT OF COVID-19 (WAVE 3): MOBILITY, MIGRATION, AND EDUCATION IN SOUTH AFRICA

Social impact of COVID-19 : Mobility, Migration, and Education in South Africa OUTLINE OF PRESENTATION  Demographic and spatial characteristics of respondents in the sample  Mobility  Migration  Vulnerability indicators  Education 38,3%  Children’s wellbeing  Time use 26,3% OBJECTIVE To provide information on the impact the COVID-19 pandemic has had on mobility, migration and education in South Africa. 36.5% 2

Survey Information Social impact of COVID-19 : Mobility, Migration, and Education in South Africa Non-probability, convenience sample  Sample Any person aged 18 years and older and who was present in South Africa during the  Selection criteria national lockdown was able to participate and complete the survey 1,323  Number of respondents 38,3% 17 June- 4 July 2020  Collection period 26,3% This survey used a non-probability sample and respondents who chose to respond to  Limitations this survey are not representative of the entire South African population. The results can, therefore, not be generalised to the entire South African population Despite the limitations, convenience sampling was selected since it provides a quick,  36.5% convenient and affordable way to gather data, particularly during a period where face-to-face visits are not possible 3

The majority of respondents were female (56,2%) and were from Gauteng (53,4%). Social impact of COVID-19 : Mobility, Migration, and Education in South Africa Number of Demographic Number of Province Percentage Percentage respondents characteristic respondents Western Cape 170 12,8 Sex Eastern Cape 91 6,9 Male 572 43,2 38,3% Northern Cape 26 2,0 Female 744 56,2 Free State 54 4,1 Other/ Unspecified 7 0,5 26,3% KwaZulu-Natal 58 4,4 Age cohort North West 53 4,0 18 - 34 316 23,9 Gauteng 706 53,4 35 - 44 476 36,0 Mpumalanga 45 3,4 45 - 54 375 28,3 Limpopo 46 3,5 55 - 64 128 9,7 36.5% Unspecified 74 5,6 65 - 74 22 1,7 South Africa 1 323 100,0 75 and older 6 0,5 4

Social impact of COVID-19 : Mobility, Migration, and Education in South Africa MOBILITY  MIGRATION  VULNERABILITY 

MOBILITY 6% changed their provincial residence during the national lockdown. Many Social impact of COVID-19 : respondents (43,3%) moved between the announcement and the start of the Mobility, Migration, and Education in South Africa lockdown. 25% who moved, wanted to be closer to their family or friends. 94,1 Percentage distribution of respondents who changed their provincial residence during % lockdown, by period of move and reason 38,3% 47,1 43,3 35,8 25,0 5,9 4,5 16,4 19,1 4,4 1,5 2,9 Yes No announcement and the During April 2020 During May 2020 Since the beginning of June Returned to usual province Wanted to be closer to Did not feel safe in the It is cheaper to live here Healthcare is better here Other 26,3% province I usually live start of lockdown family/friends Between the of residence 36.5% CHANGE OF PROVINCIAL PERIOD OF MOVE REASON FOR MOVE RESIDENCE 6

MOBILITY 12% traveled between provinces during the national lockdown. Social impact of COVID-19 : 25% traveled to attend a funeral. Mobility, Migration, and Education in South Africa TRAVEL SINCE LOCKDOWN PROVINCIAL No 88,0 INTER- Yes 12,0 38,3% Other 31,8 REASON FOR TRAVEL 26,3% To visit family or friends 14,7 To attend a funeral 25,6 Percentage distribution of respondents Other work or business related travel 13,2 who travelled between provinces during 36.5% lockdown, and by reason for travel To provide essential services 14,7 0,0 10,0 20,0 30,0 40,0 50,0 60,0 70,0 80,0 90,0 100,0 % 7

MIGRATION 9,2% of the respondents were migrants; the majority (82,3%) of whom live permanently in SA. 5,3% indicated that they stayed in SA during the lockdown, Social impact of COVID-19 : Mobility, Migration, and Education in South Africa as they were concerned that if they left, they would be unable to re-enter SA. 100,0 90,0 90,8 80,0 82,3 38,3% 70,0 60,0 Percentage distribution by migrant status, and by % reason for remaining in SA during the lockdown 50,0 40,0 30,0 20,0 10,0 10,6 9,2 5,3 0,9 0,9 0,0 36.5% Non-migrant Migrant SA is my residence I was concerned It was too expensive I was unable to get I would have been now that I would not be the logistics in place affected wherever I able to re-enter SA in time went CATEGORISATION REASON FOR SPENDING LOCKDOWN IN SA 8

MIGRATION 17,7% of migrants remitted during lockdown. Social impact of COVID-19 : 21,8% did not remit during lockdown because they could not afford to. Mobility, Migration, and Education in South Africa 90,0 Percentage distribution of migrants who remitted during lockdown, and reason for not remitting 80,0 82,3 70,0 38,3% 60,0 58,6 50,0 % 40,0 26,3% 30,0 20,0 21,8 18,4 17,7 10,0 1,1 0,0 Yes No I have never remitted I could not afford to I could not send back Other reason money send money money through the usual channels 36.5% Remittance sent during lockdown Reason for not remitting 9

Identifying and targeting those most vulnerable to contracting COVID-19, VULNERABILITY Social impact of COVID-19 : as well as those most likely to be affected by the pandemic, is key to slowing Mobility, Migration, and Education in South Africa the spread of the virus. Migrant respondents were generally more vulnerable than non-migrant respondents in indicators related to the spread of the virus, or in those making people more susceptible to contracting COVID-19. 38,3% Vulnerability indicator Non-migrant Migrant 1. Population aged 60 and older 5,7% 7,8% 26,3% 2. Unemployed 9,0% 22,5% 3. Informal sector/ part time 2,6% 7,2% 4. Informal dwelling/ shack 3,0% 4,5% 5. Household member with chronic condition 47,4% 28,9% 36.5% Percentage distribution of respondents by 6. Crowded household (6+) 16,1% 15,2% migration status and vulnerability indicators 10

Social impact of COVID-19 : Mobility, Migration, and Education in South Africa EDUCATION  CHILDREN: WELL BEING  CHILDREN: TIME USE 

72,9% of children were participating in home learning during the lockdown. Social impact of COVID-19 : Mobility, Migration, and Education in South Africa 100,0 Percentage distribution of respondents by 16,5 26,2 31,7 participation in home schooling during the 90,0 lockdown and by type of school 80,0 70,0 60,0 Percentage 50,0 40,0 30,0 20,0 10,0 67,1 83,5 72,9 0,0 Public school Private school Total Home schooling during lockdown No home schooling during lockdown Do not know 12

Home learning was mostly supervised by mothers (59%). Social impact of COVID-19 : Mobility, Migration, and Education in South Africa Helper/Caregiver 1,1 Tutor 1,3 Nobody 2,6 Other relative(s) 2,8 Sibling(s) 4,3 Percentage distribution of respondents by primary person who supervises home learning during the lockdown Father 9,2 Mother and father equally 19,7 Mother 59,0 13

75,9% indicated that they had smart phones that could be used for home learning. 36,1% had access to tablets and 61,2% to laptops. Social impact of COVID-19 : Mobility, Migration, and Education in South Africa Percentage distribution of respondents by No Yes tools available for home learning Radio 27,9 72,1 38,3% Television 53,3 46,7 26,3% Laptop 61,2 38,8 Tablet 36,1 63,9 36.5% Smart phone 75,9 24,1 14

6,1 % reported not having access to internet. Social impact of COVID-19 : Mobility, Migration, and Education in South Africa 44,0 Percentage distribution of respondents with access to internet for educational purposes 24,9 13,3 9,9 6,1 1,8 Cellular Fibre Wireless hotspots (i.e. DSL Do not have access Satellite TshWi-Fi Free Wifi) to the Internet 15

68,4% of children had difficulty in adapting with the new mode of learning. Social impact of COVID-19 : Mobility, Migration, and Education in South Africa Children’s experience during the lockdown Disagree strongly Disagree somewhat Agree somewhat Agree strongly Stressed at home 20,8 18,1 20,1 28,9 Anxious with amount of school work they have to complete 13,1 14,5 22,9 36,7 Difficulty in adapting with new mode of learning 9,9 13,3 30,3 38,1 Difficulty to keep up with amount of school work 13,6 11,4 24,4 39,2 Note: Totals do not add up to 100 due to unsure respondents being excluded 16

1 out 4 respondents thought it was safe for the children to attend school. Social impact of COVID-19 : Mobility, Migration, and Education in South Africa Percentage distribution of respondents who think that it is not safe for their children to attend school Safe to attend school Not safe to attend school Do not know 3,2 7,1 14,4 15,8 16,2 17,6 56,0 54,6 83,9 58,6 63,2 92,9 27,8 27,8 25,7 22,4 12,9 0,0 One child Two Children Three Children Four children Five or more Total children 17