NCJRL ICAC Webinar – Mobile Devices October 25, 2013 Mobile Devices National Center for Justice and the Rule of Law ICAC Webinar Series Presenter Don Mason Don Mason Associate Director, NCJRL 662-915-6898 drmason@olemiss.edu National Center for Justice and the Rule of Law ICAC Webinar Series Questions • Feel free to email any time to: drmason@olemiss.edu • Please include your phone number – In case it might be helpful to visit by phone – Will not be shared with anyone else National Center for Justice and the Rule of Law ICAC Webinar Series 1
NCJRL ICAC Webinar – Mobile Devices October 25, 2013 Mobile Devices National Center for Justice and the Rule of Law ICAC Webinar Series Beyond Our Scope Today • “Mobile device forensics” • “Anti-forensics” on/via mobile devices • Security concerns with BYOD, “mobile workforces,” etc. in our “mobile era” • In-depth analyses of the legal issues surrounding uses of mobile devices (e.g., “sexting” or texting while driving) or any of the surveillance controversies National Center for Justice and the Rule of Law ICAC Webinar Series Objectives • Identify mobile devices • Learn how mobile devices obtain and transmit information • Identify potential evidence that may be obtained from mobile devices • Learn where data is stored National Center for Justice and the Rule of Law ICAC Webinar Series 2
NCJRL ICAC Webinar – Mobile Devices October 25, 2013 Types of Devices • Smartphones • GPS • Digital Cameras • Beepers National Center for Justice and the Rule of Law ICAC Webinar Series Types of Devices • Game systems • MP3 Players • Tablets • E-readers • “Ultraportables” • Thumb drives and memory sticks • RFID chips National Center for Justice and the Rule of Law ICAC Webinar Series Types of Devices • Calculator • Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) • Pager National Center for Justice and the Rule of Law ICAC Webinar Series 3
NCJRL ICAC Webinar – Mobile Devices October 25, 2013 Processes • Cellular network triangulation • GPS trilateration • Geotagging National Center for Justice and the Rule of Law ICAC Webinar Series Smartphones National Center for Justice and the Rule of Law ICAC Webinar Series Smartphones • Over 6.8 billion mobile phones worldwide – 327.6 million in US •104% of population – Number expected to exceed world population by 2014 – Per U.N.: More people have cell phones than have toilets (4.5 billion) • 1.6 billion smartphones sold in 2010 alone National Center for Justice and the Rule of Law ICAC Webinar Series 4
NCJRL ICAC Webinar – Mobile Devices October 25, 2013 Cellular networks National Center for Justice and the Rule of Law ICAC Webinar Series Cellular networks National Center for Justice and the Rule of Law ICAC Webinar Series Cellular networks National Center for Justice and the Rule of Law ICAC Webinar Series 5
NCJRL ICAC Webinar – Mobile Devices October 25, 2013 Cellular networks National Center for Justice and the Rule of Law ICAC Webinar Series Triangulation • Comparing signal strengths – Time delays – Angles of arrival – Three nearest towers National Center for Justice and the Rule of Law ICAC Webinar Series Triangulation National Center for Justice and the Rule of Law ICAC Webinar Series 6
NCJRL ICAC Webinar – Mobile Devices October 25, 2013 Cell Site Location Information • Mobile switching centers may retain the location information in call detail records – At least for a period of time (e.g., 24 hours) • Authorities can track subscriber’s general movements by following sequence of towers contacted by the phone • May also obtain last recorded location before signal or power lost National Center for Justice and the Rule of Law ICAC Webinar Series Cell Site Location Information • Most useful location information comes from initiation or receipt of a call or text • A call data record (CDR) is kept for billing – Yield historical account of cell phone’s locations • Officers may also locate phone in “real time” while a call is in progress National Center for Justice and the Rule of Law ICAC Webinar Series Enhanced 9-1-1 • FCC mandate of 95% of phones • Locate phone location within 300 meters • Within 6 minutes National Center for Justice and the Rule of Law ICAC Webinar Series 7
NCJRL ICAC Webinar – Mobile Devices October 25, 2013 Smartphones Modern cell phones have a variety of functions, including: • SMS (short message service) • MMS (multimedia message service) • Phone Calls • Cameras • File Storage • Internet Access (email, IM) National Center for Justice and the Rule of Law ICAC Webinar Series Smartphones SMS (short message service) • 160 characters or less • Sent from cell phone to cell phone by way of towers and servers • If recipient phone is off, a message will be saved until the phone is turned on National Center for Justice and the Rule of Law ICAC Webinar Series Smartphones • Over 7 trillion text messages sent in 2011 • Over 8 trillion in 2012 National Center for Justice and the Rule of Law ICAC Webinar Series 8
NCJRL ICAC Webinar – Mobile Devices October 25, 2013 Smartphones Sender The The The phone The types message recipient company message message travels receives directs the travels and to the the message to the cell sends it nearest message to the towers cell towers recipient nearest through the it’s servers recipient National Center for Justice and the Rule of Law ICAC Webinar Series Smartphones MMS (multimedia message service) • Like SMS, but allows sharing of pictures, video, and/or audio • Usually an additional feature on phones National Center for Justice and the Rule of Law ICAC Webinar Series Smartphones Internet Access • Email • Social Media – Facebook, Twitter • Chat & Instant Messaging • Internet Browser National Center for Justice and the Rule of Law ICAC Webinar Series 9
NCJRL ICAC Webinar – Mobile Devices October 25, 2013 Smartphones • Hybrid Browsing – Reduces download by compressing data – often by as much as 70% • Essentially the same data stored on phone – Images in lower resolution – Record of access also on browser’s server • In addition to the phone, ISP, and host’s records National Center for Justice and the Rule of Law ICAC Webinar Series Smartphones • Internet Speed – 3G – 200 Kbps – 4G – 6.4 Mbps National Center for Justice and the Rule of Law ICAC Webinar Series Smartphones 1 2 3 User’s Cell Nearest Cell Phone Towers 4 5 Cell Company’s ISP Network Website Host Internet Exchange Point National Center for Justice and the Rule of Law ICAC Webinar Series 10
NCJRL ICAC Webinar – Mobile Devices October 25, 2013 Smartphones • GPS – Discussed in next section National Center for Justice and the Rule of Law ICAC Webinar Series Smartphones • Apps – Millions for nearly any purpose National Center for Justice and the Rule of Law ICAC Webinar Series Smartphones • Security – Apps can add encryption and better security National Center for Justice and the Rule of Law ICAC Webinar Series 11
NCJRL ICAC Webinar – Mobile Devices October 25, 2013 Smartphones • Therefore, cell phones contain lots of data: – Messages – Voicemails – E-mails – Pictures & Video – Location, trip data – Contacts • However, some of this information may not be on the phone National Center for Justice and the Rule of Law ICAC Webinar Series Smartphones • For example, smartphones save little data related to social networks – Thus, opening Facebook on someone else’s phone could be a violation of the SCA • Applies to all data – depending on the app or phone model, the data may be saved on the phone and/or a remote server National Center for Justice and the Rule of Law ICAC Webinar Series Smartphones • Data may be stored internally or on a memory card – Usually MicroSD • It can often be obtained even if the phone is locked • Just like computers, deleted data may be recoverable National Center for Justice and the Rule of Law ICAC Webinar Series 12
NCJRL ICAC Webinar – Mobile Devices October 25, 2013 Smartphones • Other similarities with computers – Viruses – Hiding Tracks •Tor •VPNs • Privacy Concerns National Center for Justice and the Rule of Law ICAC Webinar Series QUIZ Which of the following can be done with a cell phone? A. Instant Messaging B. MMS C. Internet Browsing D. International Phone Calls E. All of the above National Center for Justice and the Rule of Law ICAC Webinar Series QUIZ Which of the following generally is not involved in the transmission of text messages? A. Cell Phones B. DSL Modem C. Cell Service Providers’ Servers D. Phone Towers National Center for Justice and the Rule of Law ICAC Webinar Series 13
NCJRL ICAC Webinar – Mobile Devices October 25, 2013 Beepers National Center for Justice and the Rule of Law ICAC Webinar Series Beepers • Requires “tailing” – Antenna used to track radio signals – Up to 5 miles • Placed on car or package – 1”x2” to 3”x5” • Does not store information National Center for Justice and the Rule of Law ICAC Webinar Series Beepers • Use beeps and/or lights to indicate – Direction (but not very well) – Distance National Center for Justice and the Rule of Law ICAC Webinar Series 14
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