Mobile Devices Mobile Devices NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG
Objectives Objectives • Identify mobile devices Identify mobile devices • Learn how mobile devices obtain and transmit information transmit information • Identify potential evidence that may be obtained from mobile devices bt i d f bil d i • Learn where data is stored NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG
Types of Devices Types of Devices • Smartphones Smartphones • GPS • Digital Cameras Di it l C • Beepers NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG
Types of Devices Types of Devices • Game systems Game systems • MP3 Players • E-readers E d NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG
Types of Devices Types of Devices • Calculator Calculator • Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) (PDA) • Pager NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG
Processes Processes • Cellular network triangulation Cellular network triangulation • GPS trilateration • Geotagging G t i NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG
Smartphones Smartphones NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG
Smartphones Smartphones • Over 5 7 billion cell phones worldwide Over 5.7 billion cell phones worldwide – 327 million in US •103% of population •103% of population • 1.6 billion smartphones sold in 2010 alone NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG
Cellular networks Cellular networks NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG
Cellular networks Cellular networks NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG
Cellular networks Cellular networks NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG
Cellular networks Cellular networks NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG
Triangulation Triangulation • Comparing Comparing signal strengths – Time delays Time delays – Angles of arrival – Three nearest Three nearest towers NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG
Triangulation Triangulation NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG
Cell Site Location Information Cell Site Location Information • Mobile switching centers may retain the Mobile switching centers may retain the location information in call detail records – At least for a period of time (e.g., 24 hours) At least for a period of time (e g 24 hours) • Authorities can track subscriber’s general movements by following sequence of movements by following sequence of towers contacted by the phone • May also obtain last recorded location before signal or power lost NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG
Cell Site Location Information Cell Site Location Information • Most useful location information comes Most useful location information comes from initiation or receipt of a call or text • A call data record (CDR) is kept for billing • A call data record (CDR) is kept for billing – Yield historical account of cell phone’s locations locations • Officers may also locate phone in “real ti time” while a call is in progress ” hil ll i i NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG
Enhanced 9-1-1 Enhanced 9 1 1 • FCC mandate of 95% of phones FCC mandate of 95% of phones • Locate phone location within 300 meters • Within 6 minutes Wi hi 6 i NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG
Smartphones Smartphones Modern cell phones have a variety of Modern cell phones have a variety of functions, including: • SMS (short message service) • SMS (short message service) • MMS (multimedia message service) • Phone Calls • Cameras • File Storage • Internet Access (email IM) • Internet Access (email, IM) NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG
Smartphones Smartphones SMS (short message service) SMS (short message service) • 160 characters or less • Sent from cell phone to cell phone by S f ll h ll h b way of towers and servers • If recipient phone is off, a message will be saved until the phone is turned on NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG
Smartphones Smartphones • Over 7 trillion text messages sent in 2011 Over 7 trillion text messages sent in 2011 NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG
Smartphones Smartphones Sender The The The phone The types types message recipient i i t company message message travels receives directs the travels and to the the message to the cell sends it nearest message g to the to the towers towers cell towers recipient nearest through the it’s servers recipient NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG
Smartphones Smartphones MMS (multimedia message service) MMS (multimedia message service) • Like SMS, but allows sharing of pictures, video and/or audio video, and/or audio • Usually an additional feature on phones NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG
Smartphones Smartphones Internet Access Internet Access • Email • Social Media S i l M di – Facebook, Twitter • Chat & Instant Messaging • Internet Browser NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG
Smartphones Smartphones • Hybrid Browsing Hybrid Browsing – Reduces download by compressing data – often by as much as 70% often by as much as 70% • Essentially the same data stored on phone phone – Images in lower resolution – Record of access also on browser’s server R d f l b ’ • In addition to the phone, ISP, and host’s records NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG
Smartphones Smartphones • Internet Speed Internet Speed – 3G – 200 Kbps – 4G – 6.4 Mbps 4G 6 4 Mbps NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG
Smartphones Smartphones 2 1 3 Nearest Cell User’s Cell Phone Towers 4 5 Cell Company’s ISP Network Website Host Internet Exchange Point NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG
Smartphones Smartphones • GPS GPS – Discussed in next section NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG
Smartphones Smartphones • Apps Apps – Millions for nearly any purpose NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG
Smartphones Smartphones • Security Security – Apps can add add encryption and better security NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG
Smartphones Smartphones • Therefore cell phones contain lots of data: Therefore, cell phones contain lots of data: – Messages – Voicemails – E-mails – Pictures & Video – Location, trip data – Contacts • However, some of this information may not be on the phone NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG
Smartphones Smartphones • For example smartphones save little data For example, smartphones save little data related to social networks – Thus, opening Facebook on someone else s Thus opening Facebook on someone else’s phone could be a violation of the SCA • Applies to all data • Applies to all data – depending on the app depending on the app or phone model, the data may be saved on the phone and/or a remote server on the phone and/or a remote server NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG
Smartphones Smartphones • Data may be stored internally or on a Data may be stored internally or on a memory card – Usually MicroSD Usually MicroSD • It can often be obtained even if the phone is locked even if the phone is locked • Just like computers, deleted data may be recoverable NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG
Smartphones Smartphones • Other similarities with computers Other similarities with computers – Viruses – Hiding Tracks Hiding Tracks •Tor •VPNs VPNs • Privacy Concerns NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG
QUIZ QUIZ Which of the following can be done with a Which of the following can be done with a cell phone? A Instant Messaging A. Instant Messaging B. MMS C. Internet Browsing D. International Phone Calls E. All of the above NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG
QUIZ QUIZ Which of the following generally is not Which of the following generally is not involved in the transmission of text messages? messages? A. Cell Phones B B. DSL Modem DSL M d C. Cell Service Providers’ Servers D. Phone Towers NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG
Beepers Beepers NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG
Beepers Beepers • Requires “tailing” Requires tailing – Antenna used to track radio signals – Up to 5 miles – Up to 5 miles • Placed on car or package – 1”x2” to 3”x5” 1” 2” t 3” 5” • Does not store information NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG
Beepers Beepers • Use beeps and/or lights to indicate Use beeps and/or lights to indicate – Direction (but not very well) – Distance – Distance NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG
GPS GPS NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG
GPS GPS • Global Positioning System Global Positioning System • Developed by US government for military purposes purposes – Cost unknown, but EU’s competing system expected to cost around $25 billion expected to cost around $25 billion – Still operated by the military NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG
GPS GPS • Three Components Three Components – Satellites •24 operational 3 backups 24 operational, 3 backups •Any point on earth can “see” at least 6 at all times •Each knows its distance from the center of the Earth – Ground Stations •11 around the globe – Receivers •Calculate their distance from the satellite NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG
GPS GPS Satellites NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG
Recommend
More recommend
