Mobile Devices Mobile Devices NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Mobile Devices Mobile Devices NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Nov 15, 2022 167 likes •866 views

Mobile Devices Mobile Devices NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG Objectives Objectives Identify mobile devices Identify mobile devices Learn how mobile devices obtain and transmit information transmit information Identify

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Mobile Devices Mobile Devices

NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG

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Objectives

  • Identify mobile devices

Objectives

Identify mobile devices

  • Learn how mobile devices obtain and

transmit information transmit information

  • Identify potential evidence that may be

bt i d f bil d i

  • btained from mobile devices
  • Learn where data is stored

NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG

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Types of Devices

  • Smartphones

Types of Devices

Smartphones

  • GPS

Di it l C

  • Digital Cameras
  • Beepers

NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG

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Types of Devices

  • Game systems

Types of Devices

Game systems

  • MP3 Players

E d

  • E-readers

NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG

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Types of Devices

  • Calculator

Types of Devices

Calculator

  • Personal Digital Assistant

(PDA) (PDA)

  • Pager

NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG

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Processes

  • Cellular network triangulation

Processes

Cellular network triangulation

  • GPS trilateration

G t i

  • Geotagging

NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG

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Smartphones Smartphones

NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG

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Smartphones Smartphones

  • Over 5 7 billion cell phones worldwide

Over 5.7 billion cell phones worldwide

– 327 million in US

  • 103% of population
  • 103% of population
  • 1.6 billion smartphones sold in 2010 alone

NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG

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Cellular networks Cellular networks

NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG

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Cellular networks Cellular networks

NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG

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Cellular networks Cellular networks

NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG

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Cellular networks Cellular networks

NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG

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Triangulation Triangulation

  • Comparing

Comparing signal strengths

Time delays – Time delays – Angles of arrival Three nearest – Three nearest towers

NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG

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Triangulation Triangulation

NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG

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Cell Site Location Information Cell Site Location Information

  • Mobile switching centers may retain the

Mobile switching centers may retain the location information in call detail records

At least for a period of time (e g 24 hours) – At least for a period of time (e.g., 24 hours)

  • Authorities can track subscriber’s general

movements by following sequence of movements by following sequence of towers contacted by the phone

  • May also obtain last recorded location

before signal or power lost

NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG

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Cell Site Location Information Cell Site Location Information

  • Most useful location information comes

Most useful location information comes from initiation or receipt of a call or text

  • A call data record (CDR) is kept for billing
  • A call data record (CDR) is kept for billing

– Yield historical account of cell phone’s locations locations

  • Officers may also locate phone in “real

ti ” hil ll i i time” while a call is in progress

NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG

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Enhanced 9-1-1 Enhanced 9 1 1

  • FCC mandate of 95% of phones

FCC mandate of 95% of phones

  • Locate phone location within 300 meters

Wi hi 6 i

  • Within 6 minutes

NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG

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Smartphones Smartphones

Modern cell phones have a variety of Modern cell phones have a variety of functions, including:

  • SMS (short message service)
  • SMS (short message service)
  • MMS (multimedia message service)
  • Phone Calls
  • Cameras
  • File Storage
  • Internet Access (email IM)

NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG

  • Internet Access (email, IM)
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Smartphones Smartphones

SMS (short message service) SMS (short message service)

  • 160 characters or less

S f ll h ll h b

  • Sent from cell phone to cell phone by

way of towers and servers

  • If recipient phone is
  • ff, a message will be

saved until the phone is turned on

NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG

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Smartphones Smartphones

  • Over 7 trillion text messages sent in 2011

Over 7 trillion text messages sent in 2011

NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG

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Smartphones Smartphones

Sender types The The phone The The i i t types message and sends it message travels to the nearest company directs the message to the message travels to the cell towers recipient receives the message cell towers to the recipient through it’s servers towers nearest the recipient g

NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG

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Smartphones Smartphones

MMS (multimedia message service) MMS (multimedia message service)

  • Like SMS, but allows sharing of pictures,

video and/or audio video, and/or audio

  • Usually an additional feature on phones

NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG

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Smartphones Smartphones

Internet Access Internet Access

  • Email

S i l M di

  • Social Media

– Facebook, Twitter

  • Chat & Instant Messaging
  • Internet Browser

NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG

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Smartphones Smartphones

  • Hybrid Browsing

Hybrid Browsing

– Reduces download by compressing data –

  • ften by as much as 70%
  • ften by as much as 70%
  • Essentially the same data stored on

phone phone

– Images in lower resolution R d f l b ’ – Record of access also on browser’s server

  • In addition to the phone, ISP, and host’s records

NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG

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Smartphones

  • Internet Speed

Smartphones

Internet Speed

– 3G – 200 Kbps 4G 6 4 Mbps – 4G – 6.4 Mbps

NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG

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Smartphones

1 2

Smartphones

3

User’s Cell Phone Nearest Cell Towers Cell Company’s

4 5

ISP Network Internet Website Host

NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG

Exchange Point

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Smartphones Smartphones

  • GPS

GPS

– Discussed in next section

NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG

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Smartphones Smartphones

  • Apps

Apps

– Millions for nearly any purpose

NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG

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Smartphones Smartphones

  • Security

Security

– Apps can add add encryption and better security

NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG

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Smartphones Smartphones

  • Therefore cell phones contain lots of data:

Therefore, cell phones contain lots of data:

– Messages – Voicemails – E-mails – Pictures & Video – Location, trip data – Contacts

  • However, some of this information may

not be on the phone

NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG

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Smartphones Smartphones

  • For example smartphones save little data

For example, smartphones save little data related to social networks

Thus opening Facebook on someone else’s – Thus, opening Facebook on someone else s phone could be a violation of the SCA

  • Applies to all data

depending on the app

  • Applies to all data – depending on the app
  • r phone model, the data may be saved
  • n the phone and/or a remote server
  • n the phone and/or a remote server

NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG

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Smartphones Smartphones

  • Data may be stored internally or on a

Data may be stored internally or on a memory card

Usually MicroSD – Usually MicroSD

  • It can often be obtained

even if the phone is locked even if the phone is locked

  • Just like computers, deleted data may be

recoverable

NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG

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Smartphones Smartphones

  • Other similarities with computers

Other similarities with computers

– Viruses Hiding Tracks – Hiding Tracks

  • Tor
  • VPNs

VPNs

  • Privacy Concerns

NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG

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QUIZ QUIZ

Which of the following can be done with a Which of the following can be done with a cell phone? A Instant Messaging

  • A. Instant Messaging
  • B. MMS
  • C. Internet Browsing
  • D. International Phone Calls
  • E. All of the above

NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG

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QUIZ QUIZ

Which of the following generally is not Which of the following generally is not involved in the transmission of text messages? messages?

  • A. Cell Phones

B DSL M d

  • B. DSL Modem
  • C. Cell Service Providers’ Servers
  • D. Phone Towers

NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG

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Beepers Beepers

NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG

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Beepers

  • Requires “tailing”

Beepers

Requires tailing

– Antenna used to track radio signals – Up to 5 miles – Up to 5 miles

  • Placed on car or package

1” 2” t 3” 5” – 1”x2” to 3”x5”

  • Does not store information

NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG

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Beepers

  • Use beeps and/or lights to indicate

Beepers

Use beeps and/or lights to indicate

– Direction (but not very well) – Distance – Distance

NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG

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GPS GPS

NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG

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GPS

  • Global Positioning System

GPS

Global Positioning System

  • Developed by US government for military

purposes purposes

– Cost unknown, but EU’s competing system expected to cost around $25 billion expected to cost around $25 billion – Still operated by the military

NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG

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GPS

  • Three Components

GPS

Three Components

– Satellites

  • 24 operational 3 backups

24 operational, 3 backups

  • Any point on earth can “see” at least 6 at all times
  • Each knows its distance from the center of the

Earth

– Ground Stations

  • 11 around the globe

– Receivers

NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG

  • Calculate their distance from the satellite
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GPS GPS

Satellites

NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG

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GPS GPS

Ground Stations

NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG

Ground Stations

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GPS GPS

Receiver

NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG

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2-D Trilateration 2 D Trilateration

  • Involves a bunch of

Involves a bunch of difficult calculations

  • Instead of learning
  • Instead of learning

that, let’s use pictures

NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG

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2-D Trilateration 2 D Trilateration

Detroit Detroit

366 miles 366 miles

NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG

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2-D Trilateration 2 D Trilateration

Detroit Detroit Richmond Richmond

312 miles

NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG

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2-D Trilateration 2 D Trilateration

Detroit Detroit Ch l t Ch l t Richmond Richmond Charleston Charleston

388 miles

Nashville Nashville

NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG

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3-D Trilateration 3 D Trilateration

NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG

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3-D Trilateration 3 D Trilateration

NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG

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3-D Trilateration 3 D Trilateration

NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG

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3-D Trilateration 3 D Trilateration

NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG

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3-D Trilateration 3 D Trilateration

NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG

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GPS

  • Accuracy is limited by:

GPS

Accuracy is limited by:

– Earth’s atmosphere

  • Weather generally has no effect

Weather generally has no effect

– But doesn’t work underwater

– Structures, Terrain, Foliage – Clock errors – Gravitational effect on satellite orbits

NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG

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GPS

  • Generally, accurate to 15 meters

GPS

Generally, accurate to 15 meters

  • Receivers use “Differential GPS” to

calculate error calculate error

– Makes measurement accurate to 10 meters, but possibly up to 10 centimeters but possibly up to 10 centimeters

NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG

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Assisted GPS (A-GPS)

  • Uses an assistance server to more rapidly

Assisted GPS (A GPS)

Uses an assistance server to more rapidly

  • r accurately obtain a location

– Can be used in lieu of a fully functional GPS Can be used in lieu of a fully functional GPS receiver or can be used to enhance the accuracy of a location y

  • If the GPS receiver has trouble

determining a location, A-GPS can make a determining a location, A GPS can make a connection using the cell network to send data

NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG

send data

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Assisted GPS (A-GPS)

  • Many cell phones use A-GPS, cell site

Assisted GPS (A GPS)

Many cell phones use A GPS, cell site triangulation and other technology to determine location determine location

  • Other benefits

Uses less battery power – Uses less battery power – Less time to get a fix B tt – Better coverage – System can be upgraded at network level

NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG

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Assisted GPS (A-GPS) Assisted GPS (A GPS)

Satellites Phone Company’s Receiver Cell Towers A-GPS Server

NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG

Smartphone

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GPS Data GPS Data

  • Data that may be located on the GPS

Data that may be located on the GPS receiver includes:

  • Device information
  • Deleted locations
  • Device information
  • Owner information
  • Waypoints
  • Deleted locations
  • Last fix
  • Routes/Journeys

Waypoints

  • Home location
  • Points of interest (POI)

Routes/Journeys

  • Track logs
  • Favorites

( )

NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG

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QUIZ

Which of the following is not necessary in

QUIZ

Which of the following is not necessary in determining location using GPS? A Satellite

  • A. Satellite
  • B. Ground station
  • C. Cell phone towers
  • D. Receiver

NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG

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QUIZ

At least how many satellites can “see” your

QUIZ

At least how many satellites can see your location from anywhere on Earth? A Three

  • A. Three
  • B. Four
  • C. Five
  • D. Six
  • E. Seven

NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG

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SLIDE 62

Digital Cameras Digital Cameras

NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG

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Digital Cameras

  • Pictures and video, of course

Digital Cameras

Pictures and video, of course

– Geotagging

  • Especially in smartphones

Especially in smartphones

NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG

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Geotagging

  • Adds latitude and longitude coordinates

Geotagging

Adds latitude and longitude coordinates to pictures and video

– Stored in metadata; not visible in the image Stored in metadata; not visible in the image

  • Usually derived from GPS

Camera m st ha e a b ilt in GPS recei er – Camera must have a built-in GPS receiver

  • Can also be used with text messages,

i l ki d d bl social networking updates, and blog posts

NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG

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Geotagging Geotagging

NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG

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The Future

  • 5G smartphone Internet connections

The Future

5G smartphone Internet connections

  • Multiple “GPS” services

NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG

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Legal Issues

  • Search & Seizure

Legal Issues

Search & Seizure

– Search Incident to Arrest – Inventory – Inventory – Consent

  • Wiretap / Stored Communications Act
  • Wiretap / Stored Communications Act
  • Evidence Authentication
  • Privacy

– Carrier IQ

NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG

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Presented by Presented by

Don Mason Don Mason Don Mason Don Mason

Associate Director, NCJRL

662 662-

  • 915

915-

  • 6898

6898 drmason@olemiss.edu drmason@olemiss.edu

NAGTRI Webinar Series NCJRL / NAAG