Melissa J. Perry, ScD, MHS Chemicals in the Environment Potomac - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Melissa J. Perry, ScD, MHS Chemicals in the Environment Potomac - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Sep 20, 2023 49 likes •415 views

Melissa J. Perry, ScD, MHS Chemicals in the Environment Potomac River Watershed Potomac is a sub-watershed of the Chesapeake Bay Encompasses parts of VA, MD, WV, PA and all of DC The Potomac river supplies 75% of the Potomac River

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Melissa J. Perry, ScD, MHS

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Chemicals in the Environment

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  • Potomac is a

sub-watershed

  • f the

Chesapeake Bay

  • Encompasses

parts of VA, MD, WV, PA and all of DC

Potomac River Watershed

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The Potomac river supplies 75% of the Potomac River Basin’s 6.5 million residents with their drinking water.

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Intersex Bass in the Potomac

  • 2003: High

numbers of intersex small mouth bass were observed in the Potomac

  • Male bass found to

have immature

  • ocytes in testes

In 2005, USGS, FWS set out to investigate the potential causes

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Water samples and bass specimens were collected at points upstream and downstream of three wastewater treatment plants in the Potomac watershed

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  • Wastewater chemicals were highest

downstream of the treatment plant

  • Pesticides were found in all water

samples

  • Presence of endocrine disruptors

What did they find?

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Hormone ¡Disrup-on ¡

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Endocrine System

  • Hormone

Signaling

  • Growth and

Development

  • Puberty
  • Reproduction
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Estradiol (Natural)

Estrogen and DES

Diethylsilbesterol (Synthetic)

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Possible Hormone Disruption Effects of Pesticides

  • Sex steroid receptor
  • Sex steroid synthesis
  • Hypothalamus-pituitary-endocrine
  • rgan feedback mechanisms
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Role of Endocrine Disruptors and Reproductive health Male

Developmental reproductive anomalies (cryptorchidism, hypospadias) Falling sperm counts; infertility Testicular and prostate cancer

Female

Breast Cancer, Endometrial Cancer Endometriosis Infertility, menstrual cycle disturbances, early menopause

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North America Europe Other

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Prior Epidemiologic Studies

Exposures Organochlorines Organophosphates Pyrethroid Pesticides Health Endpoints Male and Female Hormones Sperm abnormalities

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Chromosomes in Human Sperm

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Environmental Exposure to Polychlorinated Biphenyls and p,p´-DDE and Sperm Sex-Chromosome Disomy

Megan E. McAuliffe,1 Paige L. Williams,2 Susan A. Korrick,1,3 Larisa M. Altshul,1,4 and Melissa J. Perry1,5

¡ 1Department of Environmental Health, and 2Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; 3Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; 4Environmental Health and Engineering Inc., Needham, Massachusetts, USA; 5Department of Environmental and Occupational Health,

George Washington University School of Public Health and Health Services, Washington, DC, USA

Reproductive Toxicology 23 (2007) 113–118

¡

Short communication

¡

Environmental pyrethroid and organophosphorus insecticide exposures and sperm concentration/'.

Melissa J. Perry

a,∗, Scott A. Venners b, Dana B. Barr c, Xiping Xu b

¡

a Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA b Department of Epidemiology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA c National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA

Environmental exposure to pyrethroids and sperm sex chromosome disomy: a cross-sectional study

Heather A Young1, John D Meeker2, Sheena E Martenies3,

Zaida I Figueroa3, Dana Boyd Barr4 and Melissa J Perry3*

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Urban Agriculture Forest Water Study of land use/ Soil type related to Atrazine levels

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Maryland Grower survey of pesticide attitudes and changes to the worker protection standard

  • Low response rate
  • Variability in pesticide knowledge
  • Higher knowledge associated with

higher receptivity to WPS changes

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What can be done?

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Farm Pesticide Use

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Emergent Themes from Focus Groups with Farmers

  • Farm Sustainability
  • Time and Stress
  • Speculation or Resignation

About Pesticide Health Impacts

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LABEL REQUIREMENTS

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EXPOSURE SIMULATION

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Face ¡and ¡Neck ¡

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Back

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Lock and Load Method

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After Lock and Load

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PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

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Pesticide Number Applying Used No Required PPE Gloves Goggle Boots Apron Cover- alls Gas Mask Used All Required PPE %(n) % % % % % % % % dicamba 46.4(102) 56.9 42.2 9.8

  • 8.8

atrazine 31.8(70) 38.6 57.1 18.6 24.3

  • 8.6

cyanazine 18.2(40) 47.5 50.0 20.0 20.0 5.0

  • 2.5

chlopyrifos 12.3(27) 66.7 25.9 7.4 22.2

  • metolachlor 11.4(25)

44.0 56.0

  • 56.0

terbufos 5.0(11) 72.7 27.3 9.1

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Farm Pesticides

Outcomes of a Randomized Controlled Intervention to Reduce Risks

¡

Melissa J. Perry, ScD, MHS, Peter M. Layde, MD, MSc

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Summary of Project Findings

  • Increased knowledge, risk perception,

intentions

  • Increased PPE use and reduced total

number of pesticides used

  • No evidence of decrease in exposure
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Determine the extent of neonicotinoid use in Potomac River Valley Water and soil monitoring Biomonitoring of neonicotinoids

Other Critical Needs

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