Medium voltage superconducting cable systems for inner city power - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Medium voltage superconducting cable systems for inner city power - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Jul 25, 2023 348 likes •695 views

Medium voltage superconducting cable systems for inner city power supply F. Schmidt, M. Stemmle, A. Hobl, F. Merschel, M. Noe Cabos 11, Maceio 1 Content Basics of Superconductivity Superconducting Cable System Components

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Medium voltage superconducting cable systems for inner city power supply

  • F. Schmidt, M. Stemmle, A. Hobl, F. Merschel, M. Noe
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Content

  • Basics of Superconductivity
  • Superconducting Cable System Components
  • Motivation for Inner City HTS Cables
  • HTS Cable Design for MV
  • Application Concept
  • Case Study
  • Ampacity Project
  • Conclusions
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Content

  • Basics of Superconductivity
  • Superconducting Cable System Components
  • Motivation for Inner City HTS Cables
  • HTS Cable Design for MV
  • Application Concept
  • Case Study
  • Ampacity Project
  • Conclusions
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Cabos ´11, Maceio Temperature Specific resistance

Metallic conductor Tc Superconductor

Superconducting State

Superconducting state is reached below critical temperature Tc

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E J

1 μV/cm Jc

Metallic conductor Superconductor

Current-Voltage-Characteristics

Practical definition of critical current density with 1 µV/cm criterion

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HTS Wire for Cable Applications

 Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3O10 (Bi-2223)

  • 1st generation material (1G)
  • Available in long length (> 1 km)
  • Critical current up to 200 A
  • Wire geometry: 4.3 mm × 0.4 mm

 YBa2Cu3O7 (Y-123)

  • 2nd generation material (2G)
  • Different manufacturing process
  • Expected to be cheaper
  • Critical current up to 100 A
  • Wire geometry: 4.4 mm × 0.4 mm
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Materials showing Superconducting Behavior

Hg-Ba-Ca-Cu-O (135 K) TI-Ba-Ca-Cu-O (125 K) Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O (110 K) Y-Ba-Cu-O (92 K) La-Ba-Cu-O 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 2 40 60 80 100 120 140

Hg NbTi Nb3Sn Nb3Ge N2 He

T

c

High Temperature Superconductors (HTS) can be cooled with Liquid Nitrogen (LN2)

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Content

  • Basics of Superconductivity
  • Superconducting Cable System Components
  • Motivation for Inner City HTS Cables
  • HTS Cable Design for MV
  • Application Concept
  • Case Study
  • Ampacity Project
  • Conclusions
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Components of an HTS-Cablesystem

 Core

  • Transport the current
  • Withstand the voltage

 Cryostat

  • Insulate thermally – keep the cable cold
  • Transport the liquid nitrogen

 Termination

  • Connect the system to the grid
  • Manage the transition between cold temperature and

room temperature

  • Provide connection to the cooling system

Joints

  • Connection of two cables
  • Intermediate access to cooling medium
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High Voltage Dielectric for HTS Cables

Lapped dielectric system using PPLP (Polypropylene laminated paper) is established as the insulation for high voltage superconducting power cables

  • Low dielectric losses
  • High dielectric strength
  • Can be used on conventional paper lapping machines
  • Very good mechanical properties (dry bending)

Insulation is impregnated with LN2 under pressure to avoid the formation of nitrogen bubbles

Low dielectric loss factor tan δ is important for cables at higher voltage levels as all losses have to be removed by the cooling system

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Thermal Insulation - Cryostat

Design of cryogenic envelope

 Two concentric longitudinal welded and

corrugated stainless steel tubes

 Multilayer Superinsulation in between the

tubes

 Low loss spacer to avoid contact between

inner and outer tube

 Vacuum to avoid convection heat losses (10-5

mbar)

 PE-outer sheath (optional)

Manufactured in a continuous process on UNIWEMA machines (Nexans own built machine)

Quality control

 Helium leak test of all welds and pieces to

ensure long term vacuum tightness

Nexans has delivered more than 100 km of flexible transferlines

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Cooling Flow

Redundant Cooling & Control Bulk LN2 Storage Heat Power SCADA Supply Return

No separate return line required in case of individual cryostats

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Content

  • Basics of Superconductivity
  • Superconducting Cable System Components
  • Motivation for Inner City HTS Cables
  • HTS Cable Design for MV
  • Application Concept
  • Case Study
  • Ampacity Project
  • Conclusions
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Motivation for Inner City HTS Cables

 Power supply within European cities predominantly with cables

  • Many quite old cables and substations
  • Refurbishment / replacement in upcoming years
  • Adaption of substations to new load requirements

 Study was done investigating employment of high temperature

superconductor systems (HTS cables in combination with HTS fault current limiters)

  • Option for replacing conventional cables
  • Enabling of new grid concepts
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Content

  • Basics of Superconductivity
  • Superconducting Cable System Components
  • Motivation for Inner City HTS Cables
  • HTS Cable Design for MV
  • Application Concept
  • Case Study
  • Ampacity Project
  • Conclusions
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Cable and Termination Design

Dielectric Former Phase 3 Screen LN2 Inlet Cryostat Phase 2 Phase 1 Cooling System Inlet / Return LN2 Return Phase 3 Phase 1

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Content

  • Basics of Superconductivity
  • Superconducting Cable System Components
  • Motivation for Inner City HTS Cables
  • HTS Cable Design for MV
  • Application Concept
  • Case Study
  • Ampacity Project
  • Conclusions
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Cabos ´11, Maceio HV bus MV bus HV UGC MV UGC Bus tie (open)

Capacity of one transformer equals total load in each substation

Grid Concept with HV Cables

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Cabos ´11, Maceio HV bus MV bus HV UGC MV UGC Bus tie (open)

Capacity of one transformer equals total load in each substation

Grid Concept with MV HTS Cables (1)

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Cabos ´11, Maceio HV bus MV bus HV UGC MV UGC Bus tie (open)

Capacity of one transformer equals total load in each substation

Grid Concept with MV HTS Cables (2)

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Content

  • Basics of Superconductivity
  • Superconducting Cable System Components
  • Motivation for Inner City HTS Cables
  • HTS Cable Design for MV
  • Application Concept
  • Case Study
  • Ampacity Project
  • Conclusions
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Contents

  • Applications and specification
  • Cable design
  • Operation parameters
  • HTS cables in the grid
  • Economic feasibility
  • State-of-the-art of HTS cable R&D
  • Tests

Superconducting MV Cables for Power Supply in Urban Areas

Case Study

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A D E

40 MVA

J B C F I H G

40 MVA 40 MVA 40 MVA 40 MVA 40 MVA 40 MVA 40 MVA 40 MVA 40 MVA

110 kV OHL 110 kV UGC 10 kV UGC 110 kV busbar 10 kV busbar Bus tie (open) 5,0 km 6,2 km 4,6 km 2,6 km 2,7 km 3,0 km 3,1 km 2,2 km 3,6 km 2,6 km 4,3 km 3,2 km 4,7 km

A D E

40 MVA

J B C F I H G

40 MVA 40 MVA 40 MVA 40 MVA 40 MVA 40 MVA 40 MVA 40 MVA 40 MVA

110 kV OHL 110 kV UGC 10 kV UGC 110 kV busbar 10 kV busbar Bus tie (open)

A D E

40 MVA

J B C F I H G

40 MVA 40 MVA 40 MVA 40 MVA 40 MVA 40 MVA 40 MVA 40 MVA 40 MVA

110 kV OHL 110 kV UGC 10 kV UGC 110 kV busbar 10 kV busbar Bus tie (open) 110 kV OHL 110 kV UGC 10 kV UGC 110 kV busbar 10 kV busbar Bus tie (open) 5,0 km 6,2 km 4,6 km 2,6 km 2,7 km 3,0 km 3,1 km 2,2 km 3,6 km 2,6 km 4,3 km 3,2 km 4,7 km

Urban Grid with HV Cables

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5,0 km 6,2 km 4,6 km 2,6 km 2,7 km 3,0 km 3,6 km 6,8 km 3,2 km 4,7 km

A D E J B C F I H G

110 kV OHL 110 kV UGC 10 kV UGC 110 kV busbar 10 kV busbar Bus tie (open)

40 MVA 40 MVA 40 MVA 40 MVA 40 MVA 40 MVA 40 MVA 40 MVA 40 MVA 40 MVA

3,0 km 8,4 km 2,7 km 2,6 km 5,0 km 6,2 km 4,6 km 2,6 km 2,7 km 3,0 km 3,6 km 6,8 km 3,2 km 4,7 km

A D E J B C F I H G

110 kV OHL 110 kV UGC 10 kV UGC 110 kV busbar 10 kV busbar Bus tie (open)

40 MVA 40 MVA 40 MVA 40 MVA 40 MVA 40 MVA 40 MVA 40 MVA 40 MVA 40 MVA

A D E J B C F I H G

110 kV OHL 110 kV UGC 10 kV UGC 110 kV busbar 10 kV busbar Bus tie (open) 110 kV OHL 110 kV UGC 10 kV UGC 110 kV busbar 10 kV busbar Bus tie (open)

40 MVA 40 MVA 40 MVA 40 MVA 40 MVA 40 MVA 40 MVA 40 MVA 40 MVA 40 MVA

3,0 km 8,4 km 2,7 km 2,6 km

Urban Grid with MV HTS Cables

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Overall Changes in the Grid

 Dispensable devices for new grid concept

  • 12.1 km of 110 kV cable systems
  • 12 x 110 kV cable switchgear
  • 5 x 40 MVA, 110/10 kV transformers
  • 5 x 110 kV transformer switchgear
  • 5 x 10 kV transformer switchgear

 Additionally required devices for new grid concept

  • 23.4 km of 10 kV HTS cable system
  • 16 x 10 kV cable switchgear
  • 3 x 10 kV bus ties
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Nexans HTS 10/40 NA2XS2Y 1 x 630 RM/35 N2XS(FL)2Y 1 x 300 RM/35

1200 600 175 175 125 125 1050 650 850 125 125 100 100 100 100 145 200 400 700 100 100

ROW and Installation Space

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Total Cost Investment Cost Operating Cost Losses Maintenance Power System Thermal No-load Load

Economic Feasibility

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Economic Feasibility

 Comparison of 3 different options based on NPV method  Investment costs and operating costs (maintenance and losses)  40 years  2 % yearly increase  6.5 % interest rate  65 €/MWh

Total NPV in M€ 103.2 87.7 93.7

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Content

  • Basics of Superconductivity
  • Superconducting Cable System Components
  • Motivation for Inner City HTS Cables
  • HTS Cable Design for MV
  • Application Concept
  • Case Study
  • Ampacity Project
  • Conclusions
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Ampacity Project  Project objectives

  • Development and field test of a 1 km long 10 kV, 40 MVA (2.3 kA)

HTS cable in combination with a resistive type SFCL

  • Project start: 09/2011

 Project partners

  • RWE – Specification and field test
  • Nexans – HTS cable and FCL
  • KIT – HTS tests and characterization
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Installation in Downtown Essen

  • 10 kV bus connection of two substations with HTS system (cable + SFCL)
  • Approximately 1 km cable system length with one joint
  • Installation in Q4/2013, afterwards at least two year field test in grid
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Content

  • Basics of Superconductivity
  • Superconducting Cable System Components
  • Motivation for Inner City HTS Cables
  • HTS Cable Design for MV
  • Application Concept
  • Case Study
  • Ampacity Project
  • Conclusions
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Conclusions

 HTS systems attractive alternatives to conventional systems

  • Replacing HV cable systems with MV HTS cable systems
  • Reduction of inner city transformer substations

 Concentric HTS cable systems for MV applications

  • Very good electromagnetic behavior
  • Thermally independent from environment
  • Small right of way and reduced installation costs

 Enabling new grid concepts for urban area power supply  Ampacity project in Germany started (HTS cable and SFCL)