Measurement Challenges for Efficient Sustainable Lighting - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Measurement Challenges for Efficient Sustainable Lighting - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Measurement Challenges for Efficient Sustainable Lighting Technologies Yoshi Ohno President, International Commission on Illumination (CIE) (National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA) Other Delegates from CIE: Kathryn Nield, General

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Measurement Challenges for Efficient Sustainable Lighting Technologies

Yoshi Ohno

President, International Commission on Illumination (CIE) (National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA) Other Delegates from CIE:

Kathryn Nield, General Secretary of CIE Peter Blattner, President-Elect, Director of CIE Division 2 Tony Bergen, Secretary of CIE Division 2

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OUTLINE

 Overview of CIE  Solid State Lighting and measurement challenges  Challenges in other aspects of SSL  CIE’s work for future photometry  Overview of CIE  Solid State Lighting and measurement challenges  Challenges in other aspects of SSL  CIE’s work for future photometry

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Overview of CIE

 Established in 1913  International scientific body in the area of light and lighting, with ~1500 experts (scientists, standardization officers, lighting engineers, lighting designers, ...)  International standardizing body in the area of light and lighting, recognized by ISO, IEC, and CIPM  Participation from NMIs, test and measurement laboratories, universities, research institutes, industry,…  37 National Committees and 3 associate National Committees – covering all continents  ~ 120 Technical Committees  More than 30 publications (technical reports, standards, technical notes) during the past 4 years

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Central Bureau

(Vienna, Austria)

Division 2

Physical Measurement

  • f Light and

Radiation

Division 3

Interior Environment and Lighting Design

Division 4

Transportation and Exterior Applications

Division 6

Photobiology and Photo- chemistry

Division 8

Imaging Technology

Division 1

Vision and Colour

NCs of CIE General Assembly Board of Administration Liaisons

ISO, IEC, CIPM, CEN, EURAMET, ···

Structure of CIE

TCs JTCs

General Secretary, ….

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Officers President Dr Yoshi Ohno (US) President-Elect Dr Peter Blattner (CH) VP Technical Dr Erkki Ikonnen (FI) VP Publications Prof. Ronier Luo (GB) VP Standards Ad de Visser (NL) VP Dr Grega Bizjak (SI) VP

  • Prof. Yiping Cui (CN)

VP

  • Prof. Y. Nakamura (JP)

VP Dr L. Whitehead ( CA) Secretary Teresa Goodman (GB) Treasurer Richard Distl (DE)

Overview of CIE

Board of Administration 2015 – 2019

Division Directors

Div 1 Dr Youngshin Kwak (KR) Div 2 Dr Peter Blattner (CH) Div 3 Dr Jennifer Veitch (CA) Div 4 Dr Dionyz Gasparovsky (SK) Div 6 Dr John O’Hagan (GB) Div 8 Po-Chieh Hung (JP) General Secretary Kathryn Nield (Central Bureau)

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MoU between CIE and CIPM

AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON ILLUMINATION AND THE INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE FOR WEIGHTS AND MEASURES 2007

  • Liaison from CIE to CCPR: Division 2

Director (P. Blattner)

  • Liaison from CCPR to CIE: Y. Ohno
  • CIPM is responsible for the units
  • CIE is responsible for defining action

spectra (including spectral luminous efficiency functions)

  • Consult together on issues of quantities

and units and metrology for optical radiation

CIE is also an observer in CCU (K. Nield, P. Blattner)

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OUTLINE

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 Overview of CIE  Solid State Lighting and measurement challenges  Challenges in measuring other aspects of SSL  CIE’s work for future photometry

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Light-Emitting Diodes (LED)

1907 Electroluminescence (from SiC) was discovered by H. J. Round (UK). 1955 - 1961 Infrared LEDs developed 1962 Red LED invented by Nick Holonyak (USA) 1962 Yellow LED invented by George Craford (USA) 1994 Blue LED (InGaN) invented by

  • S. Nakamura, H. Amano, and I.

Akasaki (Japan). History of LED

2014 Nobel Prize

Nick Holonyak George Craford)

White LED possible

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Solid State Lighting (LED Lighting)

Incandescent Fluorescent Solid State (White LEDs)

10~ 15 lm/W 50~ 90 lm/W Potential 300 lm/W

(lumen / watt)

Lumen (lm) = candela · steradian unit of luminous flux

V() Fe() F

v =

F

l

ò

e(l)V(l)dl

Evolution of Light Sources for Lighting

carbon tungsten

Third Revolution in Lighting

  • High energy efficiency
  • Long life
  • Instant start
  • Easy on/off control,

dimming

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Huge Energy Savings Potential

Lighting consumes ~20 % of electricity ~8 % of total energy (statistics of USA) Improvement of luminous efficacy of LED lighting products by 1 % will save electrical energy of value 4 billion Euro /year globally.

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White LED lm/W improvements

http://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2015/02/f19/craford_innovation_sanfrancisco2015.pdf

2018

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Eco mark Energy Label DOE regulation

  • n GSL

Needs for international harmonization of test methods and accreditation

LM-79 (US Test method) (EN Test Method) JIS Test Methods Chinese CQC and GB stds

Chinese regulations

Proficiency Testing for LM-79 PT for JIS Test Method PT for Chinese Test Method PT for European Test Method Manufacturers & Testing labs Manufacturers & Testing labs Manufacturers & Testing labs Manufacturers & Testing labs

SSL Testing Lab Accreditation (IA-Japan) SSL Testing Lab Accreditation (CNAS) SSL Testing Lab Accreditation SSL Testing Lab Accreditation (NVLAP, ….)

Test reports

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LM-79

Manufacturers & Testing labs Manufacturers & Testing labs (EN Test Method) JIS Test Methods Chinese CQC and GB stds

Chinese regulations

Manufacturers & Testing labs Eco- design

Eco mark Energy Label

Test reports

Manufacturers & Testing labs

DOE regulation

  • n GSL

Future Goal toward free trade and commerce

for SSL products

International Test Method International Test Method International Test Method International Test Method

Mutually Recognized

SSL Testing Lab Accreditation (NVLAP, …)

Shared

Proficiency Testing Proficiency Testing Proficiency Testing

SSL Testing Lab Accreditation (IA-Japan) SSL Testing Lab Accreditation (CNAS) SSL Testing Lab Accreditation

PT for Intn’l Test Method

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CIE S 025:2015

  • International test method for LED

lamps, LED luminaires, and LED modules

  • Developed by TC 2-71 (Ohno chair)

with 40 members from 20

  • countries. Took 4 years.
  • Intended for use in SSL regulations

and for testing laboratory accreditation.

  • Joint work with CEN TC169 WG7,

that produced a harmonized std:

  • Test method for European region.

EN 13032-4 Lighting Applications — Measurement and presentation of photometric data of lamps and luminaires — Part 4: LED lamps, modules and luminaires

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CIE Tutorial and Practical Workshop on LED Lamp and Luminaire Testing to CIE S 025

(1) PTB, Germany, Nov. 2015 (2) METAS, Switzerland, May 8-11, 2017 (3) VNISI, Moscow, Russia, Nov. 5-7, 2018

Capacity Building for the Industry

CIE Tutorial and Expert Symposium on Measurement Uncertainties in Photometry and Radiometry for Industry, Vienna, Austria, Sep. 2014

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Measurement challenges for LEDs, LED lamps and LED luminaires

  • Variety of products (components to

lamps, luminaires)

  • Sensitive to temperature (ambient

temperature, air movement)

  • Large drift of output (~20 %) during stabilization
  • Dissimilar spectral distributions
  • Sensitive to AC power supply characteristics

(impedance, harmonic distortion, power meter error)

  • There are many quantities (total luminous flux,

luminous efficacy, luminous intensity distribution, active power, colour quantities … in regulations)

  • Uncertainty evaluation is difficult for many industry

laboratories (particularly for color quantities).

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Worldwide Interlaboratory Comparison of Measurements of LED lamps (110 Labs)

(IEA 4E SSL Annex, IC 2013)

  • Ref. IC 2013 Final Report at http://ssl.iea-4e.org

An example data

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  • Ref. IC 2013 Final Report at http://ssl.iea-4e.org

Reported uncertainty (k=2) for chromaticity y

Chromaticity y

0.000 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.010 0.012

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130

Uncertainty (k=2) Laboratory

h

0.020 (OD) (104)

Best NMIs

Worldwide Interlaboratory Comparison of Measurements of LED lamps (110 Labs)

(IEA 4E SSL Annex, IC 2013)

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Other Recent Publications

  • n LED measurement

CIE 226:2017 Optical Measurement

  • f High-Power LEDs

CIE 227:2017 High Speed Testing Methods for LEDs CIE S 025 SP-1 <approval stage> Test Methods for OLED luminaires and OLED light sources

Measure LEDs at a given junction temperature.

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OUTLINE

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 Overview of CIE  Solid State Lighting and measurement challenges  Challenges in other aspects of SSL  CIE’s work for future photometry

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Colour Quality of LED Lighting Sources

  • Variety of Spectra
  • New color quality design products
  • Existing standard CIE Color Rendering

Index does not meet the needs for SSL.

  • CIE published a new metric: CIE 2017

Colour Fidelity Index (CIE 224:2017)

0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 Reflectance factor Wavelength (nm)

  • Work in progress for further metrics.
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Non-visual effects of light

Vision (image, colour)

Human visual system

5 Photoreceptors

  • Cones (L, M, S)
  • Rod (scotopic)
  • ipRGC

(Intrinsically- Photosensitive Retinal Ganglion Cells) Action spectrum for melatonin suppression

Non-visual effects

  • sleep-wake (circadian)

regulation

  • alertness / comfort
  • eye fatigue

”Healthful Lighting”

 What light is best for night (for good sleep)?  What light is best for office work (productivity)?  How much light is needed for healthful life?

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 Defines action spectra for ipRGC and other 4 photoreceptors, L,M,S-cones, and Rod.  Defines quantities measured with these action spectra using SI units:

e.g., melanopic irradiance

mel e,

E

= 65.7 mW/m2

Metrology for Non-visual effects of light

CIE Draft International Standard DIS 026: 2018

CIE System for Metrology of Optical Radiation for ipRGC- Influenced Responses to Light

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OUTLINE

 Overview of CIE  Solid State Lighting and measurement challenges  Challenges in measuring many other aspects of SSL  CIE’s work for future photometry

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Current practice Calibrated against: CIE Illuminant A

Photometric instruments

CIE’s Work for Future Photometry

They measure:

LED products

CIE Source A Spectral mismatch errors

“CIE standard Illuminant for LED”

2856 K Planckian

Incandescent standard lamps

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Calibrated against: They measure:

LED products

CIE’s Work for Future Photometry

CIE Source A “Source L” Uncertainties reduced to ~ 1/4 “CIE Illuminant L” New Practice Incandescent standard lamps CIE Illuminant A

2856 K Planckian

CIE TC 2-90 LED Reference Spectrum for Photometer Calibration

“CIE Illuminant L”

Current practice

Photometric instruments

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CIE’s Work for Future Photometry

Photopic Scotopic

Spectral Luminous Efficiency Function

Revision of “Principles Governing Photometry” (BIPM, 1983), and “Basis of Physical Photometry” (CIE 18.2-1983) (in approval stage)

developed by CIE-CCPR Joint TC (JTC-2)

Vmes() mesopic, based on CIE 191-2010 Mesopic Very important for LED street/outdoor lighting applications.

photopic scotopic

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Summary

 The revolution in lighting is on-going for huge energy savings globally. CIE supports SSL in metrology and scientific aspects.  There are many other issues (flicker, glare, blue light hazard, connected lighting ..). Further new standards are needed for the evolving SSL.  CIE has close cooperation with ISO, IEC, CCPR, IEA and many other organizations. We welcome new countries and other organizations to work together.

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THANK YOU

Contact: ohno@nist.gov