Measurement 4 - 1 Introduction Measurement is finding a number - - PDF document

Measurement

ساــيقلا

2 SET 1 - Chapter 4 GFP - Sohar University

4 - 1 Introduction

ةمدقم

• Measurement is finding a number that shows the size or amount
• f something.
• Measurement is done using measuring tools.
• There are two main systems of measurement:
• The English systemيزيلكنلئا ماظنلا
• The Metric system

ماظنلايرتملا

4 - 2 The English System يزيلكنلئا ماظنلا

3

• The English system of measurement is still in use in the United

States for many non-scientific purposes.

• The many units of measure and conversion factors in the English

system can be very difficult to remember and use.

• In this system, length is usually measured in inches (abbreviated in),

feet (abbreviated ft), yard (abbreviated yd) and miles (abbreviated mi).

• Weight is typically measured in ounces (abbreviated oz), pounds

(abbreviated lb) and tons (abbreviated T).

• Capacity is typically measured in fluid ounces (abbreviated fl oz),

quarts (abbreviated qt), pints (abbreviated pt) and gallons (abbreviated gal).

SET 1 - Chapter 4 GFP - Sohar University 4 SET 1 - Chapter 4 GFP - Sohar University

Conversion Factors for Length: 1 mile (mi) = 1760 yards (yd) 1 mile (mi) = 5280 feet (ft) 1 yard (yd) = 3 feet (ft) 1 yard (yd) = 36 inches (in) 1 foot (ft) = 12 inches (in)

• Below is some of the English system conversions factors:

Conversion Factors for Weight: 1 ton (T) = 2000 pounds (lb) 1 pound (lb) = 16 ounces (oz) Conversion Factors for Capacity (Liquid): 1 gallon (gal) = 4 quarts (qt) 1 gallon (gal) =8 pints (pt) 1 gallon (gal) =128 fluid ounces (fl oz) 1 quart (qt) = 2 pints (pt) 1 pint (pt) = 16 fluid ounces (fl oz)

Example 1: Change: (a) 5 yards to feet

(b) 648 inches to feet (c) 79,200 feet to miles (d) 8 feet 7 inches to inches (e) 35 feet to yards and write the remainder in feet

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Solution:

SET 1 - Chapter 4 GFP - Sohar University 6 SET 1 - Chapter 4 GFP - Sohar University

Example 2: Change: (a) 9 pounds to ounces (b) 11,000 pounds to tons

(c) 2 tons to ounces (d) 14 pounds 3 ounces to ounces (e) 70 ounces to pounds and write the remainder in ounces

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Solution:

SET 1 - Chapter 4 GFP - Sohar University

Example 3: Change: (a) 5 gallons to quarts

(b) 7 pints to quarts (c) 3 pints 10 fluid ounces to pints (d) 72 pints to gallons

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Solution:

SET 1 - Chapter 4 GFP - Sohar University

1 gallon = 8 pints 1 pint = 16 fluid ounces 1 pt = 16 fl oz

4 - 3 The Metric System يرتملا ماظنلا

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• Most of the world outside the United States, and scientists

everywhere, primarily use the metric system.

• The metric system is sometimes abbreviated as the SI system.
• The metric system has a few basic units, and measures larger and

smaller quantities using multiples of ten.

• The standard metric units include meters (abbreviated m) for length,

grams (abbreviated g) for mass, and liters (abbreviated l) for volume.

SET 1 - Chapter 4 GFP - Sohar University 10 SET 1 - Chapter 4 GFP - Sohar University

• For larger and smaller amounts, the metric system uses the prefixes

shown in following table: Prefix In number In words Symbol tera- 1 000 000 000 000 trillionنوـيلـيرت T giga- 1 000 000 000 billionراـيلم G mega- 1 000 000 millionنوـيلم M kilo- 1 000 thousandفـلأ k hecto- 100 hundredةـئم h deca- 10 tenةرـشع da deci- 0.1 tenthرـشُع d centi- 0.01 hundredthةـئملاب دـحاو c milli- 0.001 thousandthفـللؤاب دـحاو m micro- 0.000 001 millionthنوـيلملاب دـحاو µ

Example 4: Change: (a) 1 kilometer to centimeters

(b) 5 kilograms to grams (c) 5 meter to centimeters (d) 1 liter to deciliters (e) 1 centimeter to millimeters (f) 1 kiloliter to millimeters

Solution:

11 SET 1 - Chapter 4 GFP - Sohar University 12 SET 1 - Chapter 4 GFP - Sohar University

4 - 4 Changing between English and Metric Units

يرتملا و يزيلكنلئا نيماظنلا نيب ليوحتلا

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• The following table gives several conversion factors for changing

between English and Metric Units:

SET 1 - Chapter 4 GFP - Sohar University

English to Metric Metric to English Length 1 inch = 2.54 centimeters 1 centimeter = 0.39 inches 1 foot = 30.48 centimeters 1 meter = 39.37 inches 1 mile = 1.61 kilometers 1 kilometer = 0.62 miles Weight And Mass 1 ounce = 28.35 grams 1 gram = 0.035 ounces 1 pound = 0.45 kilograms 1 kilogram = 2.20 pounds Capacity 1 fluid ounce = 29.57 milliliters 1 milliliter = 0.034 fluid ounces 1 gallon = 3.78 liters 1 liter = 0.26 gallons

Example 5: Change: (a) 2 feet to centimeter (b) 2 litters to fluid ounces (c) 6 feet to meters (d) 12 fluid ounces to milliliters (e) 65 mile to kilometers

Solution:

14 SET 1 - Chapter 4 GFP - Sohar University

15 SET 1 - Chapter 4 GFP - Sohar University

Example 6: If a machine is labeled as 3000 kilograms, should it be moved by a forklift rated for a maximum of 5000 pounds?

Solution:

16 SET 1 - Chapter 4 GFP - Sohar University

Example 7: The price of one liter of a chemical is $ 25. What is the price

• f 5 gallons of this chemical?

Solution: