Maths Summary Intro: Zero coupon yield curve (Ex 13) TV concept - - PDF document

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Maths Summary Intro: Zero coupon yield curve (Ex 13) TV concept - - PDF document

Maths Summary Intro: Zero coupon yield curve (Ex 13) TV concept Yield curve construction calcs (Ex 13) Yield curve prods calcs Stats calcs Intro yield curve AER (%) 10% Risk free 8% Zero coupon 7% Maturities


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Maths Summary

Intro: Zero coupon yield curve (Ex 13) TV concept Yield curve construction calcs (Ex 13) Yield curve prods calcs Stats calcs

Intro yield curve

AER (%) Maturities

1d 91d 182d 2 yr 4 yr Χ 10% Χ 8% Χ 7%

Risk free Zero coupon

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TV Concept

Money is dated = TV

R1 today ≠ R1 tomorrow

Money has to work? Why? Earn interest (i) Simple Compound

TV Concept

John invests R5000 @ 5% simple interest rate. How much interest does he have after:

a) 1 yr (365 days) b) 30 days (1 month) c) 60 days (2 months)?

a) (365/365) x 5 /100 x 5000 = 250 b) (30/365) x 5/100 x 5000 = R20.5479 = R20.55 OR (1/12) x 5/100 x 5000 = R20.83 c) (60/365) x 5/100 x 5000 = R41.10 OR (2/12) x 5/100 x 5000 = R41.67

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TV Concept

John invests R5000 @ 5% NACM. How much interest does he have after:

a) 1 yr (365 days) b) 30 days (1 month) c) 60 days (2 months)?

Assume int. re-invested (=> PMT = 0)

TV Concept

1 YR 1 month 2 months Clear All

AER?255.81 / 5000 x 100 = 5.1162 = 5.12% HP calc: 5 Nom% ; 12 P/YR; Press EFF% = 5.12%NACA

End Mode 5000 +- PV 5 I/YR 12 P/YR 12 N 0 PMT Press FV 5 255.809 Int = FV – PV = 255.81 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 1 N √ 5 020.83 41.75 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 2 N √ 5 041.75 20.83

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TV Concept

Calc some AERs AER vs. Annualised

P/Yr N John invests @ 10.5% NACM from 1 Jan11 to 1 Jul12 John invests … NACQ 1 Jan11 to 1 Jul12 John invests … NACSA 1 Jan11 to 1 Jul11 John invests … NACA 1 Jan11 to 1 Jan13 John invests … NACM 1 Jan11 to 1 Oct11

12 4 2 1 12 18 6 1 2 9

TV Concept

Sometimes disc. Rate

  • Disc. Rate ≠ i

First convert into yield (= int. rate) Formula (disc. Rate int. rate) 365i (365 – id) Calc see later

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Yield curve construction Ex 13

a)

i)

9.72 Nom%; 365 P/YR; Press EFF% = 10.207%NACA ii) 365 x 9.59/100 (365 – 9.59/100 x 91) = 9.825% NACQ iii) 9.825 Nom%; 4 P/YR; Press EFF% = 10.193%NACA iv) 9.96 EFF%; 2 P/YR; Press NOM% = 9.724% LT rates for prods derived in this way

Yield curve construction Ex 13

a) v) 8.03 NOM%; 2 P/YR; Press EFF% = 8.191%NACA vi) 8.20 NOM%; 2 P/YR; Press EFF% = 8.368%NACA b) See next slide

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Yield curve construction Ex 13

Χ Χ Χ Χ Χ

AER (%) Maturities

1d 91d 182d 2 yr 4 yr 10 9 8

c) Negative – downwards, Lower risk (infl.) in LT d) Lower risk (infl.) in LT e)-5000 PV; 8.191 I/YR;1 P/YR; 2 N; 0 PMT; Press FV = 5852.65

Yield curve construction Ex 13 (f)

Χ Χ Χ Χ Χ

AER (%) Maturities

1d 91d 182d 2 yr 4 yr 10 9 8

?

9.825% 9.724%

Step 1 (1 + 182/365 x 9.724/100) = 1.0484868 Step 2 (1 + 91/365 x 9.825/100) = 1.0244952 (1.0484868/1.0244952) -1) x 365/(182 -91) x 100 = 9.393%

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Yield curve prods calcs

Sign Conventions Fin Calc PV Initial Investment amount PV Loan (Initial amount) Repayment loan (= PMT) Add Regular Investm (=PMT)

  • Reg. inv. withdrawals (= PMT)

Loan is pd off; FV =? Loan not pd off (= Residual); FV =? Cap left after reg. inv. withdrawals; FV =?

Inflow = + Outflow = – For below indicate + or – or 0: + – – – + – +

Yield curve prods calcs

Home loan – Mr Kagiso Checklist: FV = PV [1 + i/(P/YR)]

n, PMT

FV = 0 (Pd off) PV = 1 900 000 I/YR = 10 P/YR = 12 N = 240 Press PMT = -18 335.41 If PMT = -20000 How long? Press N = 189.017 IF I/YR = 9 How long? Press N = 166.8268

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Yield curve prods calcs

Car loan (with residual) Checklist: FV = PV [1 + i/(P/YR)]

n, PMT

FV = -60 000 (residual) PV = 180 000 I/YR = 13.5 P/YR = 12 N = 54 Press PMT = -3 652.25

Stats Calcs

Weighted Growth rates

90% of investment yields 21% return 10% of investment yields 5% return Overall % return? (0.9 x 21) + (0.1 x 5) = 19.4%

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Stats Calcs

Std dev

6% Avg Χ Χ Χ Χ 2% 2% 3% 3%

Same Avg, select lower Std dev But if Avg diff, std dev diff?

Stats Calcs

CV

= (std dev) / (Average) x 100 Example 15 Health warning

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Interpolation

91 136 181 ? 6.72 6.75

Increase over 90 days = 6.75 – 6.72 = 0.03 Increase per day = 0.03 / 90 = 0.000333

181 – 91 = 90 days

Rate for day 92 (1 extra day) = 6.72 + (0.000333 x 1) = 6.7203 136 – 91 = 45 days Rate for day 136 (45 extra days) = 6.72 + (0.000333 x 45) = 6.735 Rate for day 93 (2 extra days) = 6.72 + (0.000333 x 2) = 6.720666