Lydia Sannella Lydia Sannella C ll C ll College of Marin, Chemistry - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Lydia Sannella Lydia Sannella C ll f M i Ch i t C ll f M i Ch i t College of Marin, Chemistry College of Marin, Chemistry Mentors: Kristin Clark & Reginald Mentors: Kristin Clark & Reginald Thio Thio Advisor: Dr. Arturo Keller Advisor: Dr. Arturo Keller Bren School of Environmental Science and Management Bren School of Environmental Science and Management Bren School of Environmental Science and Management Bren School of Environmental Science and Management Funding: National Science Foundation, Environmental Protection Funding: National Science Foundation, Environmental Protection Agency, Toxic Substances Research & Training Program Agency, Toxic Substances Research & Training Program g y, g g g y, g g

Lydia Sannella Lydia Sannella C ll f M i Ch i t C ll f M i Ch i t College of Marin, Chemistry College of Marin, Chemistry Mentors: Kristin Clark & Reginald Mentors: Kristin Clark & Reginald Thio Thio Advisor: Dr. Arturo Keller Advisor: Dr. Arturo Keller Bren School of Environmental Science and Management Bren School of Environmental Science and Management Bren School of Environmental Science and Management Bren School of Environmental Science and Management Funding: National Science Foundation, Environmental Protection Funding: National Science Foundation, Environmental Protection Agency, Toxic Substances Research & Training Program Agency, Toxic Substances Research & Training Program g y, g g g y, g g

Lydia Sannella Lydia Sannella C ll f M i Ch i t C ll f M i Ch i t College of Marin, Chemistry College of Marin, Chemistry Mentors: Kristin Clark & Reginald Mentors: Kristin Clark & Reginald Thio Thio Advisor: Dr. Arturo Keller Advisor: Dr. Arturo Keller Bren School of Environmental Science and Management Bren School of Environmental Science and Management Bren School of Environmental Science and Management Bren School of Environmental Science and Management Funding: National Science Foundation, Environmental Protection Funding: National Science Foundation, Environmental Protection Agency, Toxic Substances Research & Training Program Agency, Toxic Substances Research & Training Program g y, g g g y, g g

Cast of Characters Cast of Characters

The Pollutants: Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)

‐ Include pesticides and byproducts of industry ‐ Stay in the environment ‐ Harmful to human health Harmful to human health

The Sorbents:

Magnetic Permanently Confined Micelle Arrays ‐Nano‐iron Sorbent Activated Carbon ‐The most common sorbent ‐Requires water to be pumped ‐Can be used on‐site ‐Most of the POP can be recovered after treatment q p p and treated offsite ‐Reusing it has a high energy cost ‐Reusable

Research Goals Research Goals

‐ Synthesize iron nanoparticles called magnetic Permanently Confined Micelle Arrays (magPCMA) ‐ Test magPCMA with different POPs and study its effectiveness as a sorbent compared with the common commercial sorbent i d b Confined Micelle Arrays (magPCMA). activated carbon.

‐2 classes of pollutants studied: ‐Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) ‐Chlorinated Hydrocarbons‐‐pesticides

MagPCMA Activated Carbon

(Image from metalclay.com)

(Adapted from waterprofessionals.com) (Adapted from Wang et al)

Research Methods Research Methods

Step 1: Synthesize magPCMA S 2 D l f PCMA d i d b i h POP d ll Step 2: Dose samples of magPCMA and activated carbon with POPs and allow to mix for 24 hours Step 3: Use absorption spectrophotometry, GC‐MS, d d h h ll and HPLC to determine how much pollutant was sorbed Step 4: Run magnetic recovery and reusability experiments

% PAH Sorbed in 24 Hours % PAH Sorbed in 24 Hours

MagPCMA vs. Activated Carbon

%

80 100 60 20 40

%

Naphthalene Acenaphthene Phenanthrene Pyrene

% Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Sorbed % Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Sorbed in 24 Hours

MagPCMA vs Activated Carbon

%

8 100 MagPCMA vs. Activated Carbon 60 80 20 40

%

Atrazine Diuron Lindane

20

Summary Summary

‐Activated carbon is initially more effective at removing POPs from l i h M PCMA solution than MagPCMA. ‐Activated carbon is cheaper and simpler to produce However: ‐MagPCMA can be used on‐site and removed magnetically A ti t d b d i thi t d I t t ti 83 6% f hth ‐Activated carbon used in this study was

• f very high quality

Preliminary data shows that MagPCMA can ‐In an acetone extraction, 83.6% of acenaphthene could be removed from MagPCMA ‐ Preliminary data shows that MagPCMA can be reused multiple times

(Image from cameroncarbon.com)

The Keller Lab Mentors: Kristin Clark & Reginald Thio PI: Dr. Arturo Keller Lab Partners: Colin Van‐Zandt, Marc Stefanuto, Annabelle Lee INSET Jens‐Uwe Kuhn Nick Arnold Arica Lubin Jens‐Uwe Kuhn, Nick Arnold, Arica Lubin Family, Friends, and Instructors

Questions? Questions?

Physical Properties of Some HOCs Physical Properties of Some HOCs

Compound Type Compound Structure Molar Mass (g/mol) Solubility in H₂O (mg/L) Kow tic ns clic Aromat Hydrocarbo Acenaphthene 154.211 4 8317.6 Naphthalene 128.171 31.9 3235.9 Polycy H Phenanthrene 178.233 1.28 28840.3 Pyrene 202.255 0.135 61659.5 cides Atrazine 215 686 33 0 478 6 Pestic Atrazine 215.686 33.0 478.6 Diuron 233.097 42 263.0 Lindane 290.832 7.30 5754.4

Correlations (or lack thereof) Between Some Physical ( ) y Properties of POPs and % Sorbed

`

100

Kow vs. % Sorbed by MagPCMA Molar Mass vs. % Sorbed by MagPCMA

40 60 80 % S

• r

b 40 60 80 100 % S

• r

MagPCMA

20 20000 40000 60000 80000 e d Kow 20 4 100 200 300 400 % b e d Molar Mass (g/mol) 8 100 S

Kow vs. % Sorbed by Activated Carbon

Molar Mass (g/mol) 80 100 S

Molar Mass vs. % Sorbed MagPCMA

20 40 60 80 %

• r

b e 20 40 60 80 %

• r

b e 20000 40000 60000 80000 d Kow 100 200 300 400 d Molar Mass (g/mol)

Regeneration of Activated Carbon

‐Requires an expensive, 3‐step process that uses heat to desorb

• rganics

U 900°C ‐Up to 900°C ‐Process is too expensive for smaller treatment sites, so they ship activated carbon in and out

Health Effects of PAHs and Health Effects of PAHs and Chlorinated Hydrocarbons

PAHs

Chlorinated Hydrocarbons

‐Long‐term exposure of PAHs showed an increase in cancer in mice.

‐ Many of these are specifically used as poison (i.e. incecticides, herbicides, and rodenticides)

‐Exposure to PAHs has shown to effect the reproductive health of laboratory mice.

‐ Acutely toxic (adverse effects take place after a single dose)

‐Other effects may include liver and kidney damage, cataracts, and jaundice.

‐ Carcinogenic

(Illinois Department of Public Health) (Columbia Environmental Research Center)