Environmental Nanotechnologies KOREA-U.S. NanoForum October 14-15, - - PDF document

▶
environmental nanotechnologies korea u s nanoforum
SMART_READER_LITE
LIVE PREVIEW

Environmental Nanotechnologies KOREA-U.S. NanoForum October 14-15, - - PDF document

Feb 24, 2024 393 likes •573 views

Environmental Nanotechnologies KOREA-U.S. NanoForum October 14-15, 2003, Seoul Wei-xian Zhang, Associate Professor Environmental Engineering Advanced Materials & Nanotechnology Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015 Environ. Sci.

slide-1
SLIDE 1

Environmental Nanotechnologies KOREA-U.S. NanoForum

October 14-15, 2003, Seoul Wei-xian Zhang, Associate Professor Environmental Engineering Advanced Materials & Nanotechnology Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015

  • Environ. Sci. Technol.

Feat ure Art icle

Mar ch 1, 2003 2003, 37 (5), 73A - 112A

slide-2
SLIDE 2

Iron Nanoparticles for Treatment of Toxic Wastes

  • J. of Nanoparticle Research

5:323-332,2003

Acknowledgments

U.S. EPA NSF PITA (PA)

  • Dr. C.B. Wang
  • Dr. H.(Sam) Lien
  • Dr. J. Cao
  • Dr. Daniel Elliott

Xiao-qin Li Y.P. Sun Steve Spear Yu Xue Steph Kravitz Patrick Clasen Tim Marks

slide-3
SLIDE 3

In the 21st century we are faced with major environmental challenges …

New approaches are required t o maint ain and improve soil, wat er, and air qualit y

Pest icide and Fert ilizer Runof f Oil and Chemical Spills Abandoned I ndust rial and Mining Sit es Emissions of Airborne Gaseous and Part iculat e Mat t er

  • Improve environmental

technologies (treatment, remediation, sensing, etc.)

  • Improve manufacturing

processes (efficiency, waste reduction, etc.)

  • Dematerialization
  • Improve environmental

technologies (treatment, remediation, sensing, etc.)

  • Improve manufacturing

processes (efficiency, waste reduction, etc.)

  • Dematerialization

Sensors Sensors Treat ment / Treat ment / Remediat ion Remediat ion Pollut ion Prevent ion Pollut ion Prevent ion Pollut ion Prevent ion

Enter Nanotechnology …

slide-4
SLIDE 4

Nanoscale Technologies for Pollution Prevention

Make a manufacturing process environmentally benign. Be an environmentally benign material. Be a manufactured product that replaces a toxic substance or minimizes use of raw materials.

IBM, Zurich

Biological pathogens, heavy metals, organics, etc.

Nanoscale Technologies for Sensing and Detection

slide-5
SLIDE 5

Treatment/Remediation

Iron Nanoparticles for Treatment of Toxic Wastes

slide-6
SLIDE 6

Why Fe?

A powerful reductant Effective for transformation of many

contaminants

Widely used in environ. proc. Accepted by regulatory agencies Nontoxic Cheap

Why Nanoparticles?

  • Small size for easy subsurface injection
  • Extremely high reaction rate
  • Low temperature reaction
  • Added Catalytic functions
slide-7
SLIDE 7

~100 nm Noble Metal (Pd, Pt, Ag, Ni, etc) Base Metal (Fe, Zn, Al, etc) Noble Metals:

  • forms galvanic cells
  • catalyze hydrogenation

Base metal

  • Electron donor

C2Cl4 C2H6 + Cl- Fe2+, Zn2+ e-

Nanoscale Bimetallic Particles

+ Precursors Fe2+, Fe3+ Fe0 Reduction Cluster Formation Stabilization CMCD (Sugar)

Methods of Synthesis

slide-8
SLIDE 8

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 300 More

Diameter (nm) Frequency

Size (50-60 nm) Iron particles (3-5 nm)

slide-9
SLIDE 9

Surface Area

142 Lehigh (2-5 nm) 25-35 Lehigh (60 nm) ~1.0 Aldrich, ~10 µm 0.0012 1 mm

(existing method)

SSA (m2/g) Fe

COSTS

Iron Filing (~mm)

$0.5/kg 5 m2/kg < 10 m2/dollar

Nano Iron (50 nm)

$20-50/kg 25,000 m2/kg > 1,000 m2/dollar

slide-10
SLIDE 10

Environmental Chemistry

Organic: Chlorinated Methanes Chlorinated Ethenes Chlorinated Ethanes Chlorinated Benzenes PCBs Lindane (HCHs) Inorganic: Cr(VI) Pb(II) Ni(II) Cu(II) Perchlorate As

~60 compounds tested at Lehigh

100 200 300 400 500 TCE (킽/L) 10 20 30 40 50 Time (hours) 0.91 g/L Fe/Pd

TCE Reduction (C2HCl3) - # 1 Contaminant in Groundwater

(Samples from a site in NJ)

slide-11
SLIDE 11

)

Lindane (HCH) - A Pesticide (Sample from Jacksonville, FL)

(5 g/ L Fe)

Aquifer Materials β−CD-Fe nanoparticles

Transport In Porous Media

(Little has been reported)

slide-12
SLIDE 12

Conceptual Geologic/Hydrogeologic Model

Conceptual Model

slide-13
SLIDE 13

Test Set-up The Nano Fe Slurry

slide-14
SLIDE 14

Field Test (Nano Fe 10 kg)

Total volume injected = 1,600 gallons (6,056 L) Nano Fe concentration = 1.9 g/l Average injection rate = 0.6 gpm Injection Well B-4 Monitoring Wells B-3: 20 feet north of B-4 B-2: 40 feet northeast of B-4 GW-4: 63 feet north-northeast of B-4

Monitoring

slide-15
SLIDE 15

Injection Well 20 Feet Down Gradient

slide-16
SLIDE 16

Summary

Reactive Fe nanoparticles for direct

injection into aquifers

Enhanced reactivity (10-1,000X) Faster cleanup time & lower costs

12 Projects

Environgen Golder Geosyntec URS Tetra Tech Acadis

American Std BASF Boeing FMC GlaxoSmithKline GTE Honeywell IBM US Navy

10-20 tons of nanoparticles in 2004 (est.)

slide-17
SLIDE 17

Nanotechnology also has the potential for harm to human health and the environment …

Keep in mind that … Thanks