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LINGUISTIC PITCH IN DEPTH, PART I
YU / LAMONT FEBRUARY 6, 2018
LINGUIST 197M, SPRING 2018. CLASS 3.1
Work on the RQ linked from the course webpage!
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LINGUISTIC PITCH IN DEPTH, PART I Work on the RQ linked from YU / - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
LINGUISTIC PITCH IN DEPTH, PART I Work on the RQ linked from YU / - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
LINGUIST 197M, SPRING 2018. CLASS 3.1 LINGUISTIC PITCH IN DEPTH, PART I Work on the RQ linked from YU / LAMONT the course webpage! FEBRUARY 6, 2018 2 WHAT IS FUNDAMENTAL FREQUENCY? LINGUIST 197M, SPRING 2018. CLASS 3.1 3 FREQUENCY OF THE
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LINGUIST 197M, SPRING 2018. CLASS 3.1
FREQUENCY OF THE VOICE
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The frequency of the voice is the rate of vocal fold vibration at that timepoint.
▸ Watch what happens to the vocal folds as you hear pitch
going up and down
▸ http://youtu.be/P2pLJfWUjc8?t=3m53s ▸ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9kHdhbEnhoA
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LINGUIST 197M, SPRING 2018. CLASS 3.1
FREQUENCY OF SOUND WAVES (ACOUSTICS)
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https://musiclab.chromeexperiments.com/Sound-Waves
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LINGUIST 197M, SPRING 2018. CLASS 3.1
EXERCISE: DETERMINE PERIOD/FREQUENCY
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▸ Let’s determine what the period and frequency of each
- f our generated sounds are from the waveform
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COMPLEX WAVES (“TONE COMPLEXES”)
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LINGUIST 197M, SPRING 2018. CLASS 3.1
EXERCISE: SOUND OF ADDING IN HARMONICS
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https://soundphysics.ius.edu/?page_id=949
Can you adjust the amplitudes
- f the harmonics to get the
timbre to sound like some instrument you like?
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LINGUIST 197M, SPRING 2018. CLASS 3.1
DEMO: COMPLEX WAVES
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https://musiclab.chromeexperiments.com/Oscillators
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LINGUIST 197M, SPRING 2018. CLASS 3.1
BUILDING UP A SQUARE WAVE WITH SINES
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:LucasVB/Gallery#/media/File:Synthesis_square.gif
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LINGUIST 197M, SPRING 2018. CLASS 3.1
BUILDING UP A SQUARE WAVE
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:LucasVB/Gallery#/media/File:Fourier_transform_time_and_frequency_domains.gif
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LINGUIST 197M, SPRING 2018. CLASS 3.1
TWO REPRESENTATIONS OF SQUARE WAVE
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:LucasVB/Gallery#/media/File:Fourier_transform_time_and_frequency_domains.gif
Time domain: waveform Frequency domain: spectrum
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LINGUIST 197M, SPRING 2018. CLASS 3.1
HARMONIC AMPLITUDES
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https://sites.google.com/a/georgiasouthern.edu/julia-inozemtseva/teaching-math-animations-and-pics? tmpl=%2Fsystem%2Fapp%2Ftemplates%2Fprint%2F&showPrintDialog=1#TOC-Fourier-Series
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LINGUIST 197M, SPRING 2018. CLASS 3.1
BUILDING UP A TRIANGLE WAVE WITH SINES
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:LucasVB/Gallery#/media/File:Fourier_transform_time_and_frequency_domains.gif
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LINGUIST 197M, SPRING 2018. CLASS 3.1
EXERCISE: CREATING TONE COMPLEXES
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LINGUIST 197M, SPRING 2018. CLASS 3.1
EXERCISE: CREATING TONE COMPLEXES
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Explore the missing fundamental effect!
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LINGUIST 197M, SPRING 2018. CLASS 3.1
FUNDAMENTAL FREQUENCY
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The fundamental frequency (f0) of a complex wave is defined as the frequency of the lowest frequency component wave. (simplified!) The fundamental frequency of the voice is the rate of vocal fold vibration at that timepoint.
Speech production/ articulation Acoustics
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LINGUIST 197M, SPRING 2018. CLASS 3.1
SPECTRUM OF COMPLEX WAVEFORM
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0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 5 10 15 20 t wave.complex1 2 3 4 Amplitude (dB) 1 Frequency (Hz) Amplitude (dB) Time (s)
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LINGUIST 197M, SPRING 2018. CLASS 3.1
SPECTRUM OF COMPLEX WAVEFORM
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0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 5 10 15 20 t wave.complex1 2 3 4 Amplitude (dB) 1 Frequency (Hz) Amplitude (dB) Time (s)
Waveform: x-axis is time Spectrum: x-axis is frequency
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LINGUIST 197M, SPRING 2018. CLASS 3.1
IN PRAAT: FROM WAVEFORM…
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LINGUIST 197M, SPRING 2018. CLASS 3.1
…TO SPECTRUM (SPECTRAL SLICE)
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Why call these “spectral slices”? Because a spectrum is typically taken over some (small) window of time, over at least a few cycles of the waveform. So we take a spectrum over a “time slice”.
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TONE LANGUAGES OF THE WORLD
http://wals.info/chapter/13 http://wals.info/feature/13A#2/5.5/141.8
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CONTOUR TONES
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LINGUIST 197M, SPRING 2018. CLASS 3.1
RUSS SCHUH (UCLA)
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http://www.linguistics.ucla.edu/people/schuh/schuh.htm
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LINGUIST 197M, SPRING 2018. CLASS 3.1
CANTONESE TONES
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What do the funny symbols mean?
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LINGUIST 197M, SPRING 2018. CLASS 3.1
INTERNATIONAL PHONETIC ALPHABET
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https://www.internationalphoneticassociation.org/content/full-ipa-chart
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LINGUIST 197M, SPRING 2018. CLASS 3.1
CANTONESE TONES: YOUR TURN!
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Listen to and examine (in Praat) the Cantonese audio files linked below. Can you figure out which audio file corresponds to which tone category?
http://www.ling197m.krisyu.org/media/3/cant/
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LINGUIST 197M, SPRING 2018. CLASS 3.1
MORE PRACTICE ON LISTENING TO TONES
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http://www.linguistics.ucla.edu/people/hayes/103/TonePractice/
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LEVEL TONES
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LINGUIST 197M, SPRING 2018. CLASS 3.1
BOLE TONES (CHADIC LANGUAGE, NIGERIA)
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LINGUIST 197M, SPRING 2018. CLASS 3.1
WHAT LEVEL TONES ACTUALLY “LOOK LIKE”
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Time (s) 1.003 Pitch (Hz) 50 150 L L H L H L Time (s) 1.003
http://www.ling197m.krisyu.org/media/3/bole_m2_36_b5.wav
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TALKING DRUMS
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LINGUIST 197M, SPRING 2017. CLASS 3.1
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kpVS0-6yMlQ
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LINGUIST 197M, SPRING 2018. CLASS 3.1
YORUBA TONES: DO RE MI
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Listen to and examine (in Praat) the Yoruba audio files linked below.
http://www.ling197m.krisyu.org/media/3/yoruba/
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LINGUIST 197M, SPRING 2017. CLASS 3.1
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kpVS0-6yMlQ
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LINGUIST 197M, SPRING 2017. CLASS 3.1
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