LINGUISTIC PITCH IN DEPTH, PART I Work on the RQ linked from YU / - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

LINGUIST 197M, SPRING 2018. CLASS 3.1 LINGUISTIC PITCH IN DEPTH, PART I Work on the RQ linked from YU / LAMONT the course webpage! FEBRUARY 6, 2018

2 WHAT IS FUNDAMENTAL FREQUENCY?

LINGUIST 197M, SPRING 2018. CLASS 3.1 3 FREQUENCY OF THE VOICE The frequency of the voice is the rate of vocal fold vibration at that timepoint. ▸ Watch what happens to the vocal folds as you hear pitch going up and down ▸ http://youtu.be/P2pLJfWUjc8?t=3m53s ▸ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9kHdhbEnhoA

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LINGUIST 197M, SPRING 2018. CLASS 3.1 6 FREQUENCY OF SOUND WAVES (ACOUSTICS) https://musiclab.chromeexperiments.com/Sound-Waves \

LINGUIST 197M, SPRING 2018. CLASS 3.1 7 EXERCISE: DETERMINE PERIOD/FREQUENCY ▸ Let’s determine what the period and frequency of each of our generated sounds are from the waveform

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9 COMPLEX WAVES (“TONE COMPLEXES”)

LINGUIST 197M, SPRING 2018. CLASS 3.1 10 EXERCISE: SOUND OF ADDING IN HARMONICS Can you adjust the amplitudes of the harmonics to get the timbre to sound like some instrument you like? https://soundphysics.ius.edu/?page_id=949

LINGUIST 197M, SPRING 2018. CLASS 3.1 11 DEMO: COMPLEX WAVES https://musiclab.chromeexperiments.com/Oscillators

LINGUIST 197M, SPRING 2018. CLASS 3.1 12 BUILDING UP A SQUARE WAVE WITH SINES https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:LucasVB/Gallery#/media/File:Synthesis_square.gif

LINGUIST 197M, SPRING 2018. CLASS 3.1 13 BUILDING UP A SQUARE WAVE https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:LucasVB/Gallery#/media/File:Fourier_transform_time_and_frequency_domains.gif

LINGUIST 197M, SPRING 2018. CLASS 3.1 14 TWO REPRESENTATIONS OF SQUARE WAVE Time domain: waveform Frequency domain: spectrum https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:LucasVB/Gallery#/media/File:Fourier_transform_time_and_frequency_domains.gif

LINGUIST 197M, SPRING 2018. CLASS 3.1 15 HARMONIC AMPLITUDES https://sites.google.com/a/georgiasouthern.edu/julia-inozemtseva/teaching-math-animations-and-pics? tmpl=%2Fsystem%2Fapp%2Ftemplates%2Fprint%2F&showPrintDialog=1#TOC-Fourier-Series

LINGUIST 197M, SPRING 2018. CLASS 3.1 16 BUILDING UP A TRIANGLE WAVE WITH SINES https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:LucasVB/Gallery#/media/File:Fourier_transform_time_and_frequency_domains.gif

LINGUIST 197M, SPRING 2018. CLASS 3.1 17 EXERCISE: CREATING TONE COMPLEXES

LINGUIST 197M, SPRING 2018. CLASS 3.1 18 EXERCISE: CREATING TONE COMPLEXES Explore the missing fundamental effect!

LINGUIST 197M, SPRING 2018. CLASS 3.1 19 FUNDAMENTAL FREQUENCY The fundamental frequency (f0) of a complex wave is defined as the frequency of the lowest frequency component wave. (simplified!) Acoustics The fundamental frequency of the voice is the rate of vocal fold vibration at that timepoint. Speech production/ articulation

LINGUIST 197M, SPRING 2018. CLASS 3.1 20 SPECTRUM OF COMPLEX WAVEFORM Amplitude (dB) 20 Amplitude (dB) 15 wave.complex 10 5 1 0 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 1 2 3 4 t Time (s) Frequency (Hz)

LINGUIST 197M, SPRING 2018. CLASS 3.1 21 SPECTRUM OF COMPLEX WAVEFORM Amplitude (dB) 20 Amplitude (dB) 15 Waveform: x-axis is time wave.complex 10 Spectrum: x-axis is frequency 5 1 0 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 1 2 3 4 t Time (s) Frequency (Hz)

LINGUIST 197M, SPRING 2018. CLASS 3.1 22 IN PRAAT: FROM WAVEFORM…

LINGUIST 197M, SPRING 2018. CLASS 3.1 23 …TO SPECTRUM (SPECTRAL SLICE) Why call these “spectral slices”? Because a spectrum is typically taken over some (small) window of time, over at least a few cycles of the waveform. So we take a spectrum over a “time slice”.

24 TONE LANGUAGES OF THE WORLD http://wals.info/chapter/13 http://wals.info/feature/13A#2/5.5/141.8

25 CONTOUR TONES

LINGUIST 197M, SPRING 2018. CLASS 3.1 26 RUSS SCHUH (UCLA) http://www.linguistics.ucla.edu/people/schuh/schuh.htm

LINGUIST 197M, SPRING 2018. CLASS 3.1 27 CANTONESE TONES What do the funny symbols mean?

LINGUIST 197M, SPRING 2018. CLASS 3.1 28 INTERNATIONAL PHONETIC ALPHABET https://www.internationalphoneticassociation.org/content/full-ipa-chart

LINGUIST 197M, SPRING 2018. CLASS 3.1 29 CANTONESE TONES: YOUR TURN! Listen to and examine (in Praat) the Cantonese audio files linked below. Can you figure out which audio file corresponds to which tone category? http://www.ling197m.krisyu.org/media/3/cant/

LINGUIST 197M, SPRING 2018. CLASS 3.1 30 MORE PRACTICE ON LISTENING TO TONES http://www.linguistics.ucla.edu/people/hayes/103/TonePractice/

31 LEVEL TONES

LINGUIST 197M, SPRING 2018. CLASS 3.1 32 BOLE TONES (CHADIC LANGUAGE, NIGERIA)

LINGUIST 197M, SPRING 2018. CLASS 3.1 33 WHAT LEVEL TONES ACTUALLY “LOOK LIKE” 150 Pitch (Hz) L L H L H L 50 0 0 1.003 1.003 Time (s) Time (s) http://www.ling197m.krisyu.org/media/3/bole_m2_36_b5.wav

34 TALKING DRUMS

LINGUIST 197M, SPRING 2017. CLASS 3.1 35 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kpVS0-6yMlQ

LINGUIST 197M, SPRING 2018. CLASS 3.1 36 YORUBA TONES: DO RE MI Listen to and examine (in Praat) the Yoruba audio files linked below. http://www.ling197m.krisyu.org/media/3/yoruba/

LINGUIST 197M, SPRING 2017. CLASS 3.1 37 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kpVS0-6yMlQ

LINGUIST 197M, SPRING 2017. CLASS 3.1 38