Lightning Protection and Grounding Solutions for Wireless Networks - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Lightning Protection and Grounding Solutions for Wireless Networks - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Lightning Protection and Grounding Solutions for Wireless Networks June 2014 March 29, 2 / TMS Times standard PowerPoint Template / 6/25/2014 Few facts about the lightning event Typically, more than 2,000 thunderstorms are active throughout

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Lightning Protection and Grounding Solutions for Wireless Networks June 2014

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March 29,

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Few facts about the lightning event

Typically, more than 2,000 thunderstorms are active throughout the world at any given moment producing on the order of 100 flashes per second. As our society becomes more dependent upon computers and information/communications networks, protection from system disruptions becomes essentials. During fair weather, a potential difference of 200,000 to 500,000 Volts exists between the earth surface and ionosphere. In a lightning event this potential will be responsible for lightning discharge currents of up to 100,000 Ampere. The average length and duration of each lightning stroke vary, but typically average about 30 microseconds producing average peak power per stroke of about 1 (one) Trillion Watts. The temperature along the lightning channel (flash) during the electrical discharge is in the order of 20,000 degrees Celsius (three time the temperature of the surface of the Sun) Wireless networks rely on communication towers for its transmission of Radio Frequency putting them statistically in a very high exposure zone. Average communication site in Florida, during thunderstorm season, will be exposed to 18 to 20 lightning strikes a year.

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ANA 747 triggered strike at Kanazawa

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Aircraft launching step leader

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Return Stroke

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Annual Lightning Flash Rate

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The Lightning Event

The lower part of a thundercloud is usually negatively charged. The upward area is usually positively charged. Lightning from the negatively charged area of the cloud generally carries a negative charge to Earth and is called a negative flash. A discharge from a positively-charged area to Earth produces a positive flash

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Step Leader Length is Dependent on Cloud Charge Accumulation

Jumping Hemisphere 150 feet

Step Leader Distance

10 to 30kV/m E - Field

The Larger the Charge, the Larger the Step Typical Step 150ft. @ 50µS per Step ( 1µS jump, 49µS pause )

Jumping Hemisphere “Rolling Ball Theory”

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Definition of pulse wave-shape

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Six  distribution

Ref: W.C. Hart, E. W. Malone, Lightning and Lightning Protection, EEC Press, 1979

350kA

Maximum with 99.5% Confidence level AND

300kA

Maximum with 98% Confidence level

Measured Peak Lightning Current

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Ref: W. C. Hart, E. W. Malone, Lightning and Lightning Protection, EEC Press, 1979

  • Max. 10-sec
  • Min. 0.7-sec

0 to peak current with 96% confidence level

Time

0 to peak current

Time to Peak Lightning Currents

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  • Max. 1000A
  • Min. 30A
  • Max. 550m-sec
  • Min. 35m-sec

Ref: N. Clanos and E.T. Pierce, “A Ground Lightning Environment for Engineering Usage”, Contract L.S.-28170A-3, Stanford Research Institute, CA

Duration and Amplitude of Continuing Currents

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Feeder current wave-shapes

Lightning current distribution on coaxial cable

Coaxial shield lightning current Center conductor lightning current

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Grounding fundamentals for Lightning Protection

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Any Conductor is an Inductor !

Communications Radio Tower Inductance

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Tubular Plotted against the solid conductor

tower Inductance considerations – monopole tower

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This distance is 6ft.

Inductance Inductance consideration – three leg tower

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360kV Peak Distributed Voltage across mast Peak Voltage on Cable Shields ~ 28kV going to entrance panel 360kV would arise at the top of a 40µH mast with a relatively small 18 kA w/ a 2µS risetime strike . The voltage would be distributed down the mast to ground. If the cable shields were bonded to the mast at the 8 foot level, about 28kV would be riding on shields going to the entrance panel

Strike Voltage Distribution and cable shield potential at entry port

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Lightning current sharing between tower and coaxial cables during the lightning event

100kA total discharge current 70kA propagating down the tower 30kA divides itself between distribution coax cables

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Why Coaxial Cable Ground Kits are Essential

BTS Shelter

150ft / 360kV 75ft / 250kV 8ft / 28kV

Inductive voltage drop across entire 40uH tower with 2us rise time and peak current of 18kA E=-Ldi/dt

Magnetic field coupling into coaxial cable from current flow down the tower can cause a reverse emf on the coax, opposing downward current flow, and creating a differential voltage between tower and coax. Coax cable insulation could breakdown and allow an arc back to the tower. An additional ground kit at the tower center brings the shield back to tower potential reducing peak voltages and the probability of coax breakdown

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Coupling Effects

Coaxial shield is ineffective at 20kHz to 100kHz fundamental frequencies

Coax

BACK EMF

Mag. Fields

Tower

Reverse EMF On Coax Tower Current Flow

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Down conductors used for lightning protection must not have sharp bends.

Down Conductors

Lightning Strike Current

Back EMF from self inductive coupling Magnetic Field

N0!

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Down Conductors

Proper bending requires a sufficient radius and no bends less than 90 degrees

Radius Current

YES!

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Lightning Protection “Zone of Protection”

150’ Radius Striking Distance (100’ for flammable liquids)

Zone of Protection

Per ANSI/NFPA 780

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Placement of Air Terminals

The Zone of Protection from lightning strikes can be defined using the rolling sphere model.

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Radial and Ground Rod System

When rods are placed along radials with other rods, a capacitive plate is simulated for a more efficient transfer

  • f energy into the earth.

Radials with ground rods extending out from the tower base, form a fast transient low “resistance” ground system for a single point ground coaxial cable entry panel.

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Sphere of Influence Step Potential

Ground d Rod Ground L d Level

Ground Electrode Soil compaction-displacement

Electron Transfer

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Spheres of Influence

Readings Not Impacted by Spheres of Influence

20 25 15 10 05 00

Plateau System Resistance

Fall of Potential Test

Current Probe

50-100ft Spacing

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– NFPA 70 NEC < 25 OHMS or two rods – IEEE Standard 142 Equipment Dependent – IEEE Standard 1100 < 5 OHMS – Motorola R-56 < 5 OHMS – Verizon Wireless 8501 < 5 OHMS – Bell Mobility Cellular < 5 OHMS – Essilor < 3 OHMS – GE Medical Systems < 2 OHMS Typical Grounding Requirements:

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  • Grounding at bottom of the rack

creates a path for surge current to traverse the rack, upsetting or destroying equipment.

  • Proper grounding of the equipment
  • rack. If coax jumper cables enter at

the top, ground high. If they enter low, ground low. There will be minimal current flow through the rack.

Equipment Grounding with Coax Entering from a High Entry Panel

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Rooftop Installations

Water /Sewer Ground Electrical Ground Ground Loop / Rods around building Ground Loop/Rods

GPS Antenna Cellular Antenna Coaxial Cables from antenna

Lightning Rods (6) Lightning Rod structural protection system down-conductors (4) Perimeter rooftop ground conductors for structural protection system with additional conductors bonding cellular antenna support Separate ground down–conductor for antenna structure and entry port bond

Coaxial Cable Entry panel

Antenna support - entry panel ground bond to building steel

Equipment ground preferences:

Marginal Bond to structural protection or separate down conductor Good Bond to structural protection and additional separate down conductor Better Single bond to structural steel Best Combine all three methods

Rooftop Ground Considerations

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Tower Leg Grounding (UFER vs. AWG #2)

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Tower Leg Grounding

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UFER Ground Enhancement

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Outside communication shelter copper theft fix

After the fix

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Damage and Fix

External grounding after theft The high impedance fix

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Improvement

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Shelter exterior view

Nothing to steal here !!!!!

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External view of traditional method and proposed solution

Traditional method consisting of:

  • High material and labor cost
  • Lack of provisions for other service entries
  • Theft exposure
  • Very high impedance return path to

ground

  • High preventative maintenance

Proposed method:

  • Addresses theft issue
  • Does not require external shield grounding kits
  • Makes provisions for Coax/EWG/Data/DC and fiber
  • Minimal labor cost
  • All prep work performed at the shelter manufacturer
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Interior view of traditional method and proposed solution

Traditional method:

  • Requires separate Inside MGB (IMGB)
  • Trapeze or other method to ground SPDs
  • Performance affected by long ground wires
  • High impedance IMGB ground conductor
  • Single point ground by installation
  • High ground loop probability

Propose method:

  • All RF protectors bulkhead mounted for best surge performance
  • Assembly accommodates different wall thickness
  • Provisions for grounding of all protectors to the same SPG
  • Low impedance ground path for lightning current
  • Control of MGB potential rise due to low “L” of assembly
  • Accommodates for additional equipment mounting

RF Protectors Bulkhead mounted

2/0 Conductors to ground

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Ground lead considerations for installation of RF protectors Applied surge wave-shape 6KV/3KA (8X20us)

Bulkhead mounted SPD without added ground “L” Surge return directly connected to protector ground

+25.6V, -9.2V +

  • Su rge
Gen er ator

DUT

Ce nte r Pin Chassis Ground Voltag e Measured at O-scope

+

  • Surge

Generator

DUT

Center Pin Voltag e Measured at O- sco pe

Ground Inductance

Effects of 1.5 ft ground lead inductance of #1 AWG Cu wire Voltage and energy throughput drastically increases

+544V, -176V

Note: The length of the grounding conductor connected to any lightning protection

device has a major effect on the protector performance as illustrated by the above test. Leadless/Bulkhead installation technique for RF lightning protection devices will eliminate this additive voltage and energy throughput to the protected equipment

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Intelligently designed to effectively conduct lightning current to earth ground while balancing the need for security and economy

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Feed-through LP-FT-DFDF LP-FT-NFNF Blank Plug LP-DP LP-NP Lightning Protectors

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Smart-Panel feed-through adaptor

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Feed-through BOM and drawing

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  • 3/8” x 2” Tamper Resistant Galv Lag Screw
  • 3/8” Short Galv Lag Shield
  • 3/8” x 1-3/4” Tamper Resistant Bolt
  • 3/8” SS Flat Washer
  • 3/8” Lock Washer
  • 3/8” SS Hex Nut
  • Ground Lug 2/0 AWG
  • Tamper Resistant Wrench
  • Hole Cutout Template
  • Lightning Protectors

Based on Network Requirements

  • Feed Through Connectors:

LP-FT-DFDF (DIN Feed-Through) LP-FT-NFNF (N Feed-Through)

  • Blank Hole Plugs:

LP-DP (DIN Hole Plug) LP-NP (N Hole Plug) Material : 6061-T6 Master Ground Bar: C110 Copper Finish: Powder Coat Weight (lbs): 50 (12 Port) 58 (24 Port)

LP-SP-24N / LP-SP-24D LP-SP-12N / LP-SP-12D

Included installation hardware Available accessories

Specifications:

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LP-SP-24N Installed view-metal building

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Installed views

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Mutual coupling and isolation considerations

Equipment Rack

2 ft. separation provides 120dB isolation for equipment at 20KA lightning current on down conducting plate

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EMI coupling effects

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Material Conductivity Comparison

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Benefits of New Design Approach

  • Single point grounding accomplished by design.
  • 30 Degree RF feeder entries for easy access, better weatherization, and water drip curve.
  • Accommodates 12 or 24 RF feeder cables, wave guide, data, telemetry, DC & fiber entries .
  • Impedance and inductance controlled through geometry of design.
  • Provisions for installation of LP Devices to create true single point grounding.
  • Materials: Al 6061-T6 Standard, C110 copper optional.
  • No external coax ground kits required, eliminating potential water ingress.
  • Theft proof design.
  • Weatherized to IP-65.
  • Protector throughput voltage lower than other panel designs using long ground conductors.
  • Adjustable to shelter wall thickness.
  • Provisions for lightning strike counter and ground resistance monitor with remote alarms.
  • Allows installation of multiple lightning protectors on the same ground reference plane.
  • Easily connects to external lightning designed ground system. A low impedance, fast transient

response Radial and Ground Rod System is best.

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Protector Grounding ???

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Images of Lightning damaged RF protector

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Reflected Power Issue

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When everything else fails, there is always plastic tie!

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RF protection circuit topologies

Gas Tube

Surge Protected

A dc blocked protector uses a gas tube connected from the center pin of the “surge” connector to the protector body and a discrete component capacitor in series from the top of the gas tube to the “protected” connector center pin. A dc blocked mechanical filter has a high current rated inductor connected from the center pin of the “surge” connector to the protector body. A conductor is continued from the top of the inductor to a mechanical capacitor in series to the center pin of the “protected” connector. The solid state dc pass/protect protector, with a dc blocking capacitor in the RF path from connector to connector, is bi-directional, and includes an RF isolated high current bi-polar diode. The diode is RF decoupled with an inductor from each connector center pin.

Bi-directional Surge Protected Bi-directional

A non-dc blocked protector (“straight-through”) will share the incoming current with a resistive component (RF coupling loop). The gas tube will turn on when the current through the resistive component in the equipment input rises enough to create a voltage drop reflected back to the protector’s gas tube.

Gas Tube

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RF Protection Technologies Performance Overview

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The preferred method for product recommendation is by obtaining the actual network operating data as

  • pposed to competitor part number as

cross-ref. There are many overlaps in competitive products which might otherwise disqualify our parts, even though our products could satisfy customer requirements.

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LP-BTR-N Series DC blocked (20-1000MHz)

  • DC blocked design
  • Multi-strike capability
  • Broad band performance up to 1GHz
  • Exceptional RF characteristics
  • Universal bulkhead and flange mounting
  • Elongated Female connectors
  • Weatherization gasket included
  • Solid Brass design / White Bronze plating
  • Phosphor Bronze center pin construction
  • Silver plated center pin
  • Insertion Loss: < 0.1dB
  • Return Loss: <-26dB
  • VSWR: <1.1:1
  • Energy throughput: <200uJ
  • LP-BTR-NFF

N Female/Female

  • LP-BTR-NMP

N Male on Protected

  • LP-BTR-NMS

N Male on Surge

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LP-BTR-N Series mechanical specifications

  • LP-BTR-NFF

N Female/Female

  • LP-BTR-NMP

N Male on Protected

  • LP-BTR-NMS

N Male on Surge

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IP67 Weatherized LP-BTRW-N Series DC blocked (20-1000MHz)

  • DC blocked design
  • Multi-strike capability
  • Broad band performance up to 1GHz
  • Exceptional RF characteristics
  • Universal bulkhead and flange mounting
  • Elongated Female connectors
  • Weatherization gasket included
  • Solid Brass design / White Bronze plating
  • Phosphor Bronze center pin construction
  • Silver plated center pin
  • Insertion Loss: < 0.1dB
  • Return Loss: <-26dB
  • VSWR: <1.1:1
  • Energy throughput: <200uJ
  • IP67 Weatherized
  • LP-BTRW-NFF

N Female/Female

  • LP-BTRW-NMP

N Male on Protected

  • LP-BTRW-NMS

N Male on Surge

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IP67 Weatherized LP-BTRW-N Series mechanical specifications

  • LP-BTRW-NFF

N Female/Female

  • LP-BTRW-NMP

N Male on Protected

  • LP-BTRW-NMS

N Male on Surge

  • All Units Weatherized to IP67
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LP-HBX-N Series DC blocked (100-700MHz)

  • DC blocked design
  • Multi-strike capability
  • High power design 750W
  • Exceptional RF characteristics
  • Elongated Female connectors
  • IP 65 Weatherized
  • Insertion Loss: < 0.1dB
  • Return Loss: <-23dB
  • VSWR: <1.15:1
  • Voltage throughput: <5Vpk
  • Energy throughput: <1.4uJ
  • LP-HBX-NFF

N Female/Female

  • LP-HBX-NMS

N Male on surge side

  • LP-HBX-NMP

N Male on protected side

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Surge Performance Data for LP-HBX Series at 6kV/3kA (1.2x50/8x20us) wave-shape

LP-HBX-NFF N Female/Female LP-HBX-NMS N Male on surge LP-HBX-NMP N Male on protected

Voltage throughput: <5Vpk Energy throughput: <1.4uJ

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LP-STRL-D series DC Blocked (680-2200MHz)

  • Fully weatherized body to IP67
  • Broadband RF performance
  • Multi-strike capability
  • Maintenance free design
  • Maximum surge current: 50kA
  • Throughput voltage: 440mV
  • Throughput energy: 700pJ
  • PIM@ 900/1900/2100MHz: <-160dBc
  • Insertion Loss: < 0.1dB
  • Return Loss: <-26dB
  • LP-STRL-DFF

DIN Female/Female

  • LP-STRL-DMP

DIN Male on Protected

  • LP-STRL-DMS

DIN Male on Surge

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LP-STRL-D series mechanical specifications

  • LP-STRL-DFF

DIN Female/Female

  • LP-STRL-DMP DIN Male on Protected
  • LP-STRL-DMS DIN Male on Surge
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LP-STRL-N series DC Blocked (680-2200MHz)

  • Fully weatherized body to IP67
  • Broadband RF performance
  • Multi-strike capability
  • Maintenance free design
  • Maximum surge current: 50kA
  • Throughput voltage: 440mV
  • Throughput energy: 700pJ
  • PIM@ 900/1900/2100MHz: <-160dBc
  • Insertion Loss: < 0.1dB
  • Return Loss: <-26dB
  • LP-STRL-NFF N Female/Female
  • LP-STRL-NMP N Male on Protected
  • LP-STRL-NMS N Male on Surge
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LP-STRL-N series mechanical specifications

  • LP-STRL-NFF N Female/Female
  • LP-STRL-NMP N Male on Protected
  • LP-STRL-NMS N Male on Surge
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LP-STRL Series Voltage Throughput

6kV/3kA 1.2x50us/8x20us wave-shape

440mV

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LP-STRL Series Energy Throughput

000.0E+0 100.0E-12 200.0E-12 300.0E-12 400.0E-12 500.0E-12 600.0E-12 700.0E-12 800.0E-12 000.0E+0 50.0E-3 100.0E-3 150.0E-3 200.0E-3 250.0E-3 300.0E-3 350.0E-3 400.0E-3 450.0E-3 500.0E-3

  • 400.E-6
  • 360.E-6
  • 320.E-6
  • 280.E-6
  • 240.E-6
  • 200.E-6
  • 160.E-6
  • 120.E-6
  • 80.E-6
  • 40.E-6

200.E-9 40.E-6 80.E-6 120.E-6 160.E-6 200.E-6 240.E-6 280.E-6 320.E-6 360.E-6 Energy Let-thru (joules) Let-through (Voltage) Time

LP-STR and LP-STRL 6kV/3kA Energy & Voltage Plotted into 50 Ohms with 0.08VDC Offset when applicable

50 Ohm Voltage Voltage over DC (ABS) Energy Over DC Offset

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QWS voltage and energy plotted into 50 Ohm load (8x20us)

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Times-Protect PIM Test Data – LP-STRL Series / <-160dBc

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“Other Brand” Ultra Low PIM protector / <-155dBc

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DC Pass product family

  • Applications requiring power
  • Broadband design
  • Bi-directional operation
  • Multi strike capability
  • Fully weatherized to IP67
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LP-GTR-D Series DC pass (DC-2500MHz)

  • LP-GTR-DFF/23/35

DIN Female/Female

  • LP-GTR-DFM/23/35

DIN Female/Male

  • Fully weatherized body to IP67
  • Broadband RF performance
  • Multi-strike capability
  • Bi-directional operation
  • 90Vdc turn on (50 Watts)
  • 230Vdc turn on (210 Watts)
  • 350Vdc turn on (550 Watts)
  • White Bronze plated body
  • Phosphor Bronze center pin
  • Silver plated center pin
  • Insertion Loss: < 0.2dB
  • Return Loss: <-26dB
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LP-GTR-N Series DC Pass (DC-3000MHz)

  • LP-GTR-NFF/23/35

N Female/Female

  • LP-GTR-NFM/23/35

N Female/Male

  • Fully weatherized body to IP67
  • Broadband RF performance
  • Multi-strike capability
  • Bi-directional operation
  • 90Vdc turn on voltage (50 Watts)
  • 230Vdc turn on voltage (210 Watts)
  • White Bronze plated body
  • Phosphor Bronze center pin
  • Silver plated center pin
  • Insertion Loss: < 0.25dB
  • Return Loss: <-26dB
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Universal mounting and grounding bracket LP-BFDN-CW

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LP-GTV-N Series DC Pass (DC-7000MHz)

  • LP-GTV-NFF

N Female/Female

  • LP-GTV-NFM

N Female/Male

  • Fully weatherized body to IP67
  • Broadband RF performance
  • Multi-strike capability
  • Bi-directional operation
  • 180 Vdc turn on voltage (150 Watts)
  • White Bronze plated body
  • Phosphor Bronze center pin
  • Silver plated center pin
  • Insertion Loss: <20dB (DC-6.7GHz)
  • Insertion Loss: < 0.3dB (6.7-7.0GHz)
  • Return Loss: <20dB (DC-6.7GHz)
  • Return Loss: <17dB (6.7-7.0GHz)
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LP-18-400-N series DC Pass (DC-6000MHz)

Cable Connector & Lightning Protector in One!

  • LP-18-400-NMH-X N type Male
  • LP-18-400-NF-X N type Female
  • Fully weatherized body to IP67
  • Broadband RF performance
  • Multi-strike capability
  • Bi-directional operation
  • 180 Vdc turn on voltage (150 Watts)
  • White Bronze plated body
  • Phosphor Bronze center pin
  • Silver plated center pin
  • Insertion Loss: < 0.15dB
  • Return Loss: <-23dB
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6KV/3KA Gas Tube voltage and energy plotted into 50 Ohm load (8x20us)

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Wireless Broadband and GPS designs

LP-WBX-N Series:

  • LP-WBX-NFF (Female-Female)
  • LP-WBX-NMP (Male on Protected)
  • LP-WBX-NMS (Male on Surge)

LP-GPX-05-N Series:

  • LP-GPX-05-NFF (Female-Female)
  • LP-GPX-05-NFM (Female-Male)
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  • Fully weatherized body to IP65
  • Broadband RF performance
  • Multi-strike capability
  • Maintenance free design
  • Maximum surge current: 20kA
  • Throughput voltage: 2Vpk
  • Throughput energy: 150nJ
  • Insertion Loss: <-0.2dB
  • Return Loss: <-18dB
  • RF power: 50Watts
  • LP-WBX-NFF N Female/Female
  • LP-WBX-NMP N Male on Protected
  • LP-WBX-NMS N Male on Surge

LP-WBX-N series DC blocked (2000-6000)MHz

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LP-WBX-NFF/NMP/NMS (2000-6000MHz) operation

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LP-WBX-N Series S11 & S21 parameters

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  • Fully weatherized body to IP65
  • L1, L2 & L3 RF performance
  • DC blocked RF path
  • Solid State DC protection circuit
  • Multi-strike capability
  • Maintenance free design
  • Maximum surge current: 10kA
  • User Voltage: 5Vdc
  • Throughput voltage: <12Vpk
  • Throughput energy: 150nJ
  • Insertion Loss: <-0.1dB
  • Return Loss: <-26dB
  • LP-GPX-05-NFF N Female/Female
  • LP-GPX-05-NFM N Female/Male
  • LP-GPX-05-SFF SMA Female/Female
  • LP-GPX-05-SFM SMA Female/Male
  • LP-GPX-05-TFF TNC Female/Female
  • LP-GPX-05-TFM TNC Female/Male

LP-GPX-05-N series DC pass (1000-2000)MHz

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LP-GPX-05-NFF & NFM (L1, L2 & L3) Bidirectional GPS Protector

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LP-GPX-05-SFF & LP-GPX-05-SFM Bidirectional L1, L2 & L3 Protector

LP-GPX-05-SFF LP-GPX-05-SFM

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LP-GPX-05-N & S Series S11 & S21 parameters

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LP-GPX-05-N & S Series S22 & S21 parameters

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Surge Performance Data for LP-GPX and LP-WBX Series at 6kV/3kA (1.2x50/8x20us) wave-shape

LP-GPX-05-NFF LP-GPX-05-NFM Bidirectional operation LP-WBX-NFF LP-WBX-NMP LP-WBX-NMS

User voltage: 5Vdc Voltage throughput: <12Vpk Energy throughput: <110uJ Voltage throughput: <2Vpk Energy throughput: <150nJ

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LP-SPT (Surge Protector Tester)

LP-SPT Specifications:

Dimensions: 9.0” x 4.0” x 1.5” Weight: 1 pound Power: 9V battery, 2 each included Display: 3.5 digit LCD Test Output: 1000V / 1mA DUT interfaces: One type-N female, one type-N male Carrying Case: Rugged black nylon N–Alligator Clip Adaptor: Included

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Product Type

“f”(MHz)

1500 3000 4500 6000

LP-STR-D & N Series LP-GTR-N Series

LOW PIM (800-2500MHz) DC blocked DIN & N type

  • Cellular Carriers

LP-GTR-D Series

(DC-3000MHz) DC pass N type (50/210/550 Watts) (DC-2500MHz) DC pass DIN type (50/210/550 Watts)

LP-STRL- D & N Series

LOW PIM (680-2200MHz) DC blocked DIN & N, type –LTE, 700MHz Public Safety Spectrum, Cellular Carriers

LP-WBX-N Series (2000-6000MHz) DC blocked LP-GPX-05 (1000-2000MHz) N, TNC & SMA type (5V) - L1, L2 & L3

Bidirectional GPS Protector

Product Selection Matrix

Broadband Wireless

Smart – Panel & Grounding Accessories LP-BTR-N (20-1000MHz) DC blocked N type – UHF/VHF applications – Indoor use

SCADA, LMR, Utilities, Public Safety, Oil, Gas

LP-BTRW-N

(20-1000MHz) DC blocked N type – UHF/VHF applications – IP67 Weatherized SCADA, LMR, Utilities, Public Safety, Oil, Gas 7000

LP-GTV-N Series (DC-7000MHz) DC pass N type Female /Female & Female /Male (150W) LP-18-400-N Series (DC-6000MHz) DC pass N type F&M with EZ-400 interface (150W)

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Thank you and Questions ???