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Dec 13, 2023 264 likes •547 views

FP7 European Union Funding for Research & Innovation Life Cycle Assessment of nanoparticle production Martin Slotte, Laboratory of Thermal and Flow Engineering Faculty of Sciences and Technology bo Akademi University www.buonapart

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www.buonapart‐e.eu

FP7 European Union Funding for Research & Innovation

Life Cycle Assessment of nanoparticle production

Martin Slotte, Laboratory of Thermal and Flow Engineering Faculty of Sciences and Technology Åbo Akademi University

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www.buonapart‐e.eu

FP7 European Union Funding for Research & Innovation

Outline

Life cycle assessment of production of metallic

nanoparticles

– Life cycle assessment in brief and method used – System boundaries for the study – Production of metallic nanoparticles Ag, Cu, Zn and Al – Case study of Zinc nanoparticles in polypropylene

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www.buonapart‐e.eu

FP7 European Union Funding for Research & Innovation

LCA using SIMAPRO 7.3 software

Stages considered so far:

– metal production (data: Ecoinvent 2.2, industry) – electricity production (data: Ecoinvent 2.2) – metal NP production (data: project partners) – products containing metal NP (data: Ecoinvent 2.2, project partners)

Cradle‐to‐gate; not considered:

– metal NP (product) waste handling

Metals so far: Ag, Cu, Zn, Al, (Ni)

– metal NP production – comparison spark/arc ↔ “wet” NP production processes – NP (Cu, Ag, Zn) in selected product applications

Task 6.2 Cradle ‐ to – gate life cycle assessment (LCA)

Use of resources Use of energy Generation of waste, toxics pollution

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LCA of metal NP production

Metal production from ore & purification; electricity production; carrier gas production: SimaPro Efficiency of NP production and specific electricity consumption: project data

LCA environmental indicators: A ‐ Air and Climate

‐ Global warming ‐ Acidification potential ‐ Photochemical Ozone creation potential ‐ Ozone depleting potential ‐ Human Toxicity potential

B ‐ Water

‐ Freshwater aquatic ecotoxicity potential ‐ Marine aquatic ecotoxity potential ‐ Eutrophication potential

C – Soil

‐ Land use ‐ Ecosystem damage potential ‐ Terrestrial ecotoxicity potential

D ‐ Resources

‐ Abiotic resource depletion ‐ Non‐hazardous waste landfilled ‐ Radioactive waste landfilled ‐ Hazardous waste landfilled

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Nanoparticle Production Arc/Spark

Impact2002+ (EPFL)

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Nanoparticle Production Arc/Spark

Scheme for electric arc/spark reactor setup

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Chemical reduction method for producing nano‐particulate Ag

Silver nitrate solution is reduced to metallic silver

using a sodium borohydride solution [3]

[3] Lee P. C., et al. , Adsorption and Surface-Enhanced Raman of Dyes on Silver and Gold Sols.

J Phys Chem 1982, 3391‐3395.

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NP Silver

Data: UDE May 2014

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UDE arc vs TUD spark Silver NPs (theoretical 100% material yield)

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Chemical reduction method for producing nano‐particulate Cu

Copper dodecyl sulfate (Cu(DS)2) reduced with

sodium borohydrate,

, in aqueous solution[2]

[2] Lisiecki I., et al. Control of the Shape and the Size of Copper Metallic Particles.
J. Phys. Chem. 1996, 100, 4160-4166

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NP Copper

Data: UDE May 2014

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UDE arc vs TUD spark Copper NPs (theoretical 100% material yield)

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Chemical reduction method for producing nano‐particulate Zn

Reaction of zinc chloride with lithium borohydride [4]
[4] Ghanta S. R., et al., Single-pot synthesis of zinc nanoparticles, borane (BH3)

and closo-dodecaborate (B12H12)2− using LiBH4 under mild conditions. Dalton Trans., 2013, 42, 8420

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NP Zinc

Data: UDE May 2014

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UDE arc vs TUD spark Zinc NPs (theoretical 100% material yield)

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NP Aluminum

Data: UDE May 2014

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Case studies in the Buonapart‐e project

Nanoparticulate zinc integration in polypropylene
Nanoparticulate copper in water suspension ‐ as

cooling agent

Nanoparticulate silver integrated in textiles

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Production of nanoparticulate zinc

Assumptions for LCA (UDE mOSU)

– Pure metallic zinc is shipped by containership to the NP production plant – Liquid argon is shipped by truck and used as carrier gas – Electricity is Spanish grid mix for consumers < 1kV

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LCI of NP zinc production

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FP7 European Union Funding for Research & Innovation

Nanoparticulate Zn integration in polypropylene

NP’s produced with arc discharge in nitrogen

atmosphere (MNL OSU)

Project partner data AIT

– NP’s mixed with PP using twin screw extruder – NP loading 0.1‐5 % by weight – Power need: 200 kWh per 500 kg product

Assumptions for LCA

– PP is produced off‐site ‐ shipped 500 km by truck – NPs are produced on‐site ‐ no shipping – Electricity is Spanish grid mix for consumers < 1kV

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FP7 European Union Funding for Research & Innovation

Nanoparticulate Zn 5 %‐wt integration in polypropylene

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Nanoparticulate Zn 2.5 %‐wt integration in polypropylene

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FP7 European Union Funding for Research & Innovation

Nanoparticulate Zn 0.1 %‐wt integration in polypropylene

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FP7 European Union Funding for Research & Innovation

Nanoparticulate Zn 5 %‐wt integration in polypropylene

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FP7 European Union Funding for Research & Innovation

Nanoparticulate Zn 0.1 %‐wt integration in polypropylene

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FP7 European Union Funding for Research & Innovation

Conclusions

LCA is a good tool to compare different processes
Hard to get data suitable for doing LCA studies
The dry arc/spark process is better or comparable to

the wet processes in most cases

The LCI of the nanocomposite is largely dependent on

the nanoparticle concentration

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www.buonapart‐e.eu

FP7 European Union Funding for Research & Innovation

Life Cycle Assessment of nanoparticle production

Martin Slotte, Laboratory of Thermal and Flow Engineering Faculty of Sciences and Technology Åbo Akademi University

Outline

nanoparticles

– Life cycle assessment in brief and method used – System boundaries for the study – Production of metallic nanoparticles Ag, Cu, Zn and Al – Case study of Zinc nanoparticles in polypropylene

LCA using SIMAPRO 7.3 software

Stages considered so far:

– metal production (data: Ecoinvent 2.2, industry) – electricity production (data: Ecoinvent 2.2) – metal NP production (data: project partners) – products containing metal NP (data: Ecoinvent 2.2, project partners)

Cradle‐to‐gate; not considered:

– metal NP (product) waste handling

Metals so far: Ag, Cu, Zn, Al, (Ni)

– metal NP production – comparison spark/arc ↔ “wet” NP production processes – NP (Cu, Ag, Zn) in selected product applications

Task 6.2 Cradle ‐ to – gate life cycle assessment (LCA)

Use of resources Use of energy Generation of waste, toxics pollution

LCA of metal NP production

LCA environmental indicators: A ‐ Air and Climate

B ‐ Water

C – Soil

D ‐ Resources

Nanoparticle Production Arc/Spark

Nanoparticle Production Arc/Spark

Scheme for electric arc/spark reactor setup

Chemical reduction method for producing nano‐particulate Ag

using a sodium borohydride solution [3]

NP Silver

Data: UDE May 2014

UDE arc vs TUD spark Silver NPs (theoretical 100% material yield)

Chemical reduction method for producing nano‐particulate Cu

sodium borohydrate,

, in aqueous solution[2]

NP Copper

Data: UDE May 2014

UDE arc vs TUD spark Copper NPs (theoretical 100% material yield)

Chemical reduction method for producing nano‐particulate Zn

NP Zinc

Data: UDE May 2014

UDE arc vs TUD spark Zinc NPs (theoretical 100% material yield)

NP Aluminum

Data: UDE May 2014

Case studies in the Buonapart‐e project

cooling agent

Production of nanoparticulate zinc

– Pure metallic zinc is shipped by containership to the NP production plant – Liquid argon is shipped by truck and used as carrier gas – Electricity is Spanish grid mix for consumers < 1kV

LCI of NP zinc production

Nanoparticulate Zn integration in polypropylene

atmosphere (MNL OSU)

– NP’s mixed with PP using twin screw extruder – NP loading 0.1‐5 % by weight – Power need: 200 kWh per 500 kg product

– PP is produced off‐site ‐ shipped 500 km by truck – NPs are produced on‐site ‐ no shipping – Electricity is Spanish grid mix for consumers < 1kV

Nanoparticulate Zn 5 %‐wt integration in polypropylene

Nanoparticulate Zn 2.5 %‐wt integration in polypropylene

Nanoparticulate Zn 0.1 %‐wt integration in polypropylene

Nanoparticulate Zn 5 %‐wt integration in polypropylene

Nanoparticulate Zn 0.1 %‐wt integration in polypropylene

Conclusions

the wet processes in most cases

the nanoparticle concentration

Thank you!