Level Research, Professional Practice Professional Practice and - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Preserving Our Past, Building Our Future: A Success Story from High Level Research, Professional Practice and Innovation

Paulo B. Lourenço

pbl@civil.uminho.pt www.civil.uminho.pt/masonry

JUBILEE SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE

“PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS RESULTING FROM SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH”

Preserving Our Past, Building Our Future: A Success Story from High Level Research, Professional Practice and Innovation

PhD, Paulo B. Lourenço

University of Minho, Portugal

Innovation Culture at U.Minho

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| Preserving Our Past, Building Our Future: A Success Story

“PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS RESULTING FROM SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH”

Research, Development and Innovation (I)

 Research – The search for new knowledge  Development – The application of the knowledge in viable solutions  Innovation – Exploitation of the novelty in services, products, processes and/or organization, with value for the company

Creativity IDEAS Invention TECHNOLOGIES Innovation MARKET

Creativity exists in the universe of ideas, in which processes are cognitive Invention exists in the universe of technologies, in which processes are technological Innovation exists in the universe of the markets, in which processes are entrepreneurial

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| Preserving Our Past, Building Our Future: A Success Story

“PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS RESULTING FROM SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH”

Research, Development and Innovation (II)

 R&D has no interest for companies if innovation does not occur  With R&D companies must invest money to obtain knowledge  With innovation, companies transform knowledge in money

Innovation as a strategy Innovation to compete Innovation to survive Innovation plan

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| Preserving Our Past, Building Our Future: A Success Story

“PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS RESULTING FROM SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH”

Innovation is risk!

Bringing an idea to its exploitation

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| Preserving Our Past, Building Our Future: A Success Story

“PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS RESULTING FROM SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH”

The U.Minho innovation & entrepreneurship ecosystem

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| Preserving Our Past, Building Our Future: A Success Story

“PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS RESULTING FROM SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH”

The U.Minho innovation & entrepreneurship ecosystem

The region around the Braga-Guimarães axis is recognized as an international benchmark for knowledge creation, innovation and entrepreneurship, with a strong investment in technology based goods and services and inspired in advanced materials

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| Preserving Our Past, Building Our Future: A Success Story

“PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS RESULTING FROM SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH”

The U.Minho innovation & entrepreneurship pipeline

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| Preserving Our Past, Building Our Future: A Success Story

“PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS RESULTING FROM SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH”

The U.Minho innovation & entrepreneurship ecosystem

 COTEC Portugal - Business Association for Innovation (non-profit

• rganization with over 350 leading companies)
• Award in 2012 for the Portuguese university with best practices in

entrepreneurship and knowledge valorization  National Innovation Competition (Venture Capital Sponsored)

• Best Award in 2010 and 2011

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| Preserving Our Past, Building Our Future: A Success Story

“PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS RESULTING FROM SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH”

The U.Minho innovation & entrepreneurship ecosystem

 2012: The entity filling more patents in Portugal

• 7.5% in civil engineering

 2013: Portuguese Science Foundation diagnosis

• Portuguese University better

linked to industry (innovation explorers and producers)  2012:

• 100+ companies
• 2300+ employees
• 350 M€+ turnover

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| Preserving Our Past, Building Our Future: A Success Story

“PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS RESULTING FROM SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH”

What we are?

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“PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS RESULTING FROM SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH”

What is ISISE?

 ISISE is a Research, Development & Innovation Unit formed in 2007 and involving the Structural Groups from the Civil Engineering Departments of the Universities

• f Coimbra and Minho

 1996: No structural laboratory or research in

• U. Minho

 2015: 40 PhD members; 120 PhD students; 10 M€ of competitive funding granted; 2 European Master Courses; International leadership

Guimarães Coimbra

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| Preserving Our Past, Building Our Future: A Success Story

“PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS RESULTING FROM SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH”

RDI: The perfect cycle

 Leadership & critical mass  Top students  Companies  Competitive research funding High level research Professional practice Innovation

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| Preserving Our Past, Building Our Future: A Success Story

“PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS RESULTING FROM SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH”

Microstructure of clay brick by nanoindentation

Material science paradigm Identified phases and mechanical data

Better masonry

Hierarchical model for brick

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| Preserving Our Past, Building Our Future: A Success Story

“PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS RESULTING FROM SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH”

Stochastic safety assessment of timber structures

Biological deterioration Detailed geometrical survey

• f ancient timber structures

Meso-specimens and correlations Applications

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| Preserving Our Past, Building Our Future: A Success Story

“PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS RESULTING FROM SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH”

Homogenization analysis for masonry structures

Homogenization tools Out of plane seismic testing Analytical models and design rules Applications

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| Preserving Our Past, Building Our Future: A Success Story

“PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS RESULTING FROM SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH”

Boxed buildings in Recife, Brazil

Inspection 13 collapses on masonry buildings (1 in 500, 40 years): 250.000 people at risk Opening up Simulation

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| Preserving Our Past, Building Our Future: A Success Story

“PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS RESULTING FROM SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH”

Professional practice

Canterbury cathedral, UK

Qutb Minar, New Deli, India

Safi and Mazagan, Morocco Pontifical defense, Italy Famagusta Cyprus

*

Mashad, Iran

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| Preserving Our Past, Building Our Future: A Success Story

“PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS RESULTING FROM SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH”

Innovation

ttt – transportable tourism tower

National innovation award 2009 Innovative solution using mix wood-glass structural components (e.g. slabs, wall and panels); Integration of solar panel systems. A prototype was exhibited in the Expo Shanghai 2010 in the Urban Best Practices

• Area. Additional information

was presented in the Portuguese pavilion. Two international patents.

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| Preserving Our Past, Building Our Future: A Success Story

“PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS RESULTING FROM SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH”

Innovation

RC Building with no rebars 3D printing of cementitious materials Composite bridge

Part 1 Preserving our past

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“PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS RESULTING FROM SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH”

Context

 Conservation of cultural heritage buildings is a demand from society  In Europe, tourism accounts for 10% of the GDP and 12% of the employment, if linked sectors are considered  Europe is the world's number one tourist destination. 45% of the UNESCO World Heritage sites within Europe  Renovation and maintenance takes more than 40% of the construction market in Europe  No memory, no identity; no identity, no nation, A.D. Smith, LSE, 1995  We shape our buildings; thereafter they shape us, W. Churchill, 1943

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| Preserving Our Past, Building Our Future: A Success Story

“PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS RESULTING FROM SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH”

Buildings that must live forever

Lack of maintenance Extreme events

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| Preserving Our Past, Building Our Future: A Success Story

“PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS RESULTING FROM SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH”

Exposure and Resilience

Urbanization and larger cities Complex and interconnected systems

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| Preserving Our Past, Building Our Future: A Success Story

“PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS RESULTING FROM SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH”

Risk Management

How to solve the mathematical indeterminacy of huge consequences and low probabilities? 80.000 people/year Since 1950, yearly costs increased more than 10x

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| Preserving Our Past, Building Our Future: A Success Story

“PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS RESULTING FROM SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH”

Acceptable

 Worst case scenario in masonry: embedded ring beam + unfilled vertical joints  Light damage up to the design earthquake in Lisbon (rock)  Ductile damage for 2.5x the design earthquake in Lisbon (rock)

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| Preserving Our Past, Building Our Future: A Success Story

“PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS RESULTING FROM SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH”

Acceptable vs. Unacceptable

 Bad design and construction lead to vulnerable built heritage  Cultural heritage buildings are usually rather vulnerable: (a) fragile materials; (b) heavy construction; (c) inadequate connections.

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| Preserving Our Past, Building Our Future: A Success Story

“PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS RESULTING FROM SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH”

Example of churches in New Zealand (Earthquakes 2010-11)

 Red: unsafe building with access forbidden  Yellow: safety compromised but urgent access allowed  Green: no restrictions

red 52% yellow 32% green 16%

red 38% yellow 43% green 19%

red 2% yellow 4% green 94%

Stone Brick Timber

International Recommendations

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| Preserving Our Past, Building Our Future: A Success Story

“PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS RESULTING FROM SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH”

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| Preserving Our Past, Building Our Future: A Success Story

“PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS RESULTING FROM SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH”

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| Preserving Our Past, Building Our Future: A Success Story

“PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS RESULTING FROM SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH”

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| Preserving Our Past, Building Our Future: A Success Story

“PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS RESULTING FROM SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH”

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| Preserving Our Past, Building Our Future: A Success Story

“PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS RESULTING FROM SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH”

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| Preserving Our Past, Building Our Future: A Success Story

“PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS RESULTING FROM SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH”

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| Preserving Our Past, Building Our Future: A Success Story

“PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS RESULTING FROM SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH”

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| Preserving Our Past, Building Our Future: A Success Story

“PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS RESULTING FROM SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH”

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| Preserving Our Past, Building Our Future: A Success Story

“PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS RESULTING FROM SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH”

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| Preserving Our Past, Building Our Future: A Success Story

“PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS RESULTING FROM SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH”

Past understanding

“Conservation” is warranted by the powerfulness of the intervention Blind confidence in modern materials and technologies Mistrust towards original or ancient materials and original resisting resources of the building The value of original / ancient structure and structural principles is not recognized The importance of previous studies is not fully recognize Significant negative experience accumulated Athens Charter (1931) Recommends the use of concrete and other modern material and techniques for restoration purposes. Added materials and components should be hidden to avoid altering the historical aspect of the building.

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| Preserving Our Past, Building Our Future: A Success Story

“PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS RESULTING FROM SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH”

The peculiarity of heritage structures, with their complex history, requires the organisation

• f studies and analysis in steps that are similar to those used in medicine. Anamnesis,

diagnosis, therapy and controls, corresponding respectively to the condition survey, identification of the causes of damage and decay, choice of the remedial measures and control of the efficiency of the interventions.

Modern understanding

Recent research

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| Preserving Our Past, Building Our Future: A Success Story

“PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS RESULTING FROM SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH”

Experimental knowledge

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“PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS RESULTING FROM SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH”

Non-destructive Testing & Monitoring

Building Tomography

• 3.4
• 3
• 2.6
• 2.2
• 1.8
• 1.4
• 1
• 0.6
• 0.2

(b)

Distributing sensing & Health monitoring

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| Preserving Our Past, Building Our Future: A Success Story

“PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS RESULTING FROM SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH”

Computer Simulation

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| Preserving Our Past, Building Our Future: A Success Story

“PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS RESULTING FROM SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH”

Remedial Measures

Part 2 Building our future

“Scientists study the world as it is, engineers create the world that never has been”, T. von Karman

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| Preserving Our Past, Building Our Future: A Success Story

“PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS RESULTING FROM SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH”

Growing world population and demand

 The continued and sustained improvement of human well-being requires the ability to tackle basic needs for an increasingly demanding population  The U.S. National Academy of Sciences projected for the next 50 years the human population to increase in ±50% with ±40% more life expectancy. This means to increase in >80% the demand for food, in >100% the demand for housing, and in >200% the demand for energy  Not enough resources, or at least large concerns on sustainable development (i.e. economy, society and environment)  Half of the global population already lives in cities, and by 2050 two-thirds of the world's people are expected to live in urban areas

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| Preserving Our Past, Building Our Future: A Success Story

“PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS RESULTING FROM SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH”

Ecoefficient housing

Objectives

• Modularity, fast,

sustainability

• Cost &

characteristics linked to local markets

Wooden houses Compressed earth blocks Masonry houses

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| Preserving Our Past, Building Our Future: A Success Story

“PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS RESULTING FROM SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH”

Ecoefficient housing

Eco-Block: 1 int. patent Waste only Prefab Lego-houses

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| Preserving Our Past, Building Our Future: A Success Story

“PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS RESULTING FROM SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH”

Ecoefficient housing

Robotics for inspection, repair and strengthening A new skin: multi-functional fully customizable rehabilitation system

Pistola de Projecção de BRF

Conclusion

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“PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS RESULTING FROM SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH”

Our responsibility

“The richest countries must lead the way. They have the wealth. They have the technology. (…) Without the private sector, sustainable development will remain only a distant dream. We are not asking corporations to do something different from their normal business; we are asking them to do their normal business differently.”

Kofi Annan, UN, 2002