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21/07/54 Oral Presentation CRDC 5 EFFECTS OF ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI EFFECTS OF ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI ON GROWTH AND PRODUCTIVITY ON GROWTH AND PRODUCTIVITY OF LETTUCE OF LETTUCE Wantira Ranabuht Department of Botany, Faculty of

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EFFECTS OF ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI EFFECTS OF ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI ON GROWTH AND PRODUCTIVITY ON GROWTH AND PRODUCTIVITY OF LETTUCE OF LETTUCE

Wantira Ranabuht Department of Botany, Faculty of Science Chulalongkorn University

Lettuce : Lactuca sativa L.

Lettuce Lettuce Lettuce Lettuce

Family : Asteraceae Lettuce consist of :

H2O 95% Carbohydrate 1-2% Protein 1-2% Lipid 0.25%

(นิพนธ์, 2547)

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Lettuce Lettuce Lettuce Lettuce

Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)

Energy 55 kJ (13 kcal) Carbohydrates 2.2 g Dietary fiber 1.1 g Fat 0.2 g Protein 1.4 g Water 96 g Vit i A i Vitamin A equiv. 166 μg (18%) Folate (Vit. B9) 73 μg (18%) Vitamin C 4 mg (7%) Vitamin K 24 μg (23%) Iron 1.2 mg (10%)

promote and enhance

agro-ecosystem health,

Organic Farming Organic Farming Organic Farming Organic Farming

agro ecosystem health, including biodiversity

avoid the use of

synthetic inputs ( h f tili (such as fertilizers, pesticides, hormones, etc.)

(กรมวิชาการเกษตร, 2543) http://www.organicagriculture.co/home.php

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Arbuscular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Mycorrhizal (AM) (AM) Arbuscular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Mycorrhizal (AM) (AM)

PLANT AM

AMF associations involve three-way interactions between the fungus, host plant and soil factor.

(Brundrett et al., 1996)

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Arbuscular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Mycorrhizal Fungi (AM) Fungi (AM) Arbuscular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Mycorrhizal Fungi (AM) Fungi (AM)

Plant : Get water, minerals and root protection from attacking by soil pathogen.

(Brundrett et al., 1996)

AMF : Get carbon (Photosynthesis) from host plant.

Benefit of AMF Benefit of AMF Benefit of AMF Benefit of AMF

Increase minerals and water uptake Improve resistance to stress conditions Increase soil stability

(กิตติมา, 2548; Brundrett et al., 1996)

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Protective effect against root diseases

Benefit of AMF Benefit of AMF Benefit of AMF Benefit of AMF

(soil pathogens) and nematodes.

AMF increase yield of plants

Arbuscular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) Fungi (AMF) Arbuscular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) Fungi (AMF)

AMF increase yield of plants

tomato eggplant strawberry potato

Karagiannidis et al., 2002

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f

Arbuscular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) Fungi (AMF) Arbuscular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) Fungi (AMF)

There was diversity and colonization levels of AMF in onion roots grated in

rganic field than conventional field

Guillermo et al., 2009

Objectives Objectives Objectives Objectives

To study the effect of

different isolates of AMF

n growth and yield of

lettuce (Latuca sativa L.) for using in organic for using in organic farming system

http://www.lesla.com/board/gen.php?id=27841&mode_id=17

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Materials and methods Materials and methods Materials and methods Materials and methods

AMF isolation and inoculum preparation p p Identification of AMF Studying the effect of different isolates of AMF

n growth and yield of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)

AMF were collected from lettuce a commercial organic

farm in Wang Nam Keaw district Nakorn Rachasima

AMF isolation AMF isolation

farm in Wang Nam Keaw district, Nakorn Rachasima province

Soil around rhizosphere was randomized sampling

at the depth of 0-20 cm

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wet-sieving and decanting

850 μm

AMF isolation AMF isolation

technique

(Gerdemann and Nicolson, 1963)

850 μm 180 μm 150 μm 75 μm 75 μm 150 μm

sucrose centrifugation

(Daniel and Skipper, 1979)

75 μm 150 μm

Propagating of AMF

AMF inoculum preparation AMF inoculum preparation

Propagating of AMF

The isolated AMF spores were propagated by growing in Sorghum sp. t pot

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spore staining

Identification of AMF Identification of AMF

(Gai et al., 2006)

AMF

PVLG

AMF

PVLG + Melzer’s reagent

Identification of AMF Identification of AMF

Morphology shape, color, size and wall layer Morphology shape, color, size and wall layer

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AMF could be identified by using morphological characteristics

into 4 genera

Results Results Results Results

Genus Species Acaulospora Acaulospora sp. Gigaspora Gigaspora sp. Glomus Glomus etunicatum Glomus geosporum Glomus macrocarpum Glomus mosseae Scutelluospora Scutelluospora sp. A B D C

Identification of AMF

G F E A : Acaulospora sp. B : Gigaspora sp. C : G. etunicatum D : G. geosporum E : G. macrocarpum F : G. mosseae G : Scutellosora sp.

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Effect of AMF on growth and yield of lettuce Effect of AMF on growth and yield of lettuce

Lettuce : Lactuca sativa L

Lettuce : Lactuca sativa L. Green Oak Red Oak Seedlings of green oak and red oak Seedlings of green oak and red oak

Effect of AMF on growth and yield of lettuce Effect of AMF on growth and yield of lettuce

50 spores of each isolate 50 spores of each isolate measured leaf number measured leaf number

inoculation 45 days

measured leaf number, leaf fresh and dry weight and percentage of root infection measured leaf number, leaf fresh and dry weight and percentage of root infection

% root infection by Philips and Hayman (1970) method

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Results Results Results Results

Growth and productivity of green oak lettuce with AMF

Control A B C D F E G A : G. mosseae B : G. etunicatum C : Gigaspora sp. D : G. geosporum E : Scutellosora sp. F : Acaulospora sp. G : G. macrocarpum

Root Infection

Results Results Results Results

hypha vesicle arbuscule

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Growth and productivity of green oak lettuce infected with AMF

leaf fresh weight Leaf dry weight

Results Results Results Results

Treatment leaf number g (g) y g (g) % root infection Control 4.75±0.48a 0.23±0.07a 0.01±0.00a 0±0a Acaulospora sp. 5.14±0.26a 0.24±0.05a 0.02±0.00a 61.42±3.36b Gigaspora sp. 6.77±0.30abc 1.10±0.18a 0.05±0.01a 54.86±4.92b Glomus etunicatum 5.69±0.29ab 0.67±0.13a 0.04±0.01a 56.71±6.10b Glomus geosporum 6 67±0 23bc 0 63±0 08a 0 03±0 00a 55 23±4 96b Glomus geosporum 6.67±0.23 0.63±0.08 0.03±0.00 55.23±4.96 Glomus macrocarpum 8.20±0.63d 2.43±0.48b 0.17±0.03b 56.41±3.41b Glomus mosseae 7.50±0.50cd 2.70±0.63b 0.15±0.04b 61.71±5.99b Scutelluospora sp. 8.18±0.60d 2.93±0.68b 0.18±0.04b 69.90±4.76b Column values followed by the same letter are not significantly different as determined by Duncan’s multiple range test (P = 0.05).

Growth and productivity of red oak lettuce with AMF

Results Results Results Results

Control A B C D F E G A : G. mosseae B : G. etunicatum C : Gigaspora sp. D : G. geosporum E : Scutellosora sp. F : Acaulospora sp. G : G. macrocarpum

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Growth and productivity of red oak lettuce infected with AMF

Treament leaf number leaf fresh weight Leaf dry weight % root infection

Results Results Results Results

Treament leaf number (g) (g) % root infection Control 7.20±0.92c 0.83±0.23a 0.06±0.02a 0±0a Acaulospora sp. 5.45±0.28a 0.46±0.12a 0.03±0.01a 59.75±3.49b Gigaspora sp. 5.54±0.43ab 0.74±0.23a 0.05±0.01a 59.80±4.20b Glomus etunicatum 6.53±0.26abc 1.42±0.19a 0.08±0.01a 60.50±2.91b Glomus geosporum 6.60±0.43abc 2.03±0.71ab 0.11±0.04ab 52.10±3.71b Column values followed by the same letter are not significantly different as determined by Duncan’s multiple range test (P = 0.05). Glomus geosporum 6.60 0.43 2.03 0.71 0.11 0.04 52.10 3.71 Glomus macrocarpum 5.85±0.39abc 0.39±0.07a 0.03±0.00a 61.09±2.08b Glomus mosseae 7.00±0.75bc 3.48±1.58c 0.19±0.10c 62.34±3.40b Scutelluospora sp. 5.92±0.38abc 0.80±0.14a 0.05±0.01a 60.38±3.60b

Plant AMF Effect lettuce G mosseae AMF increased nitrate

Discussion Discussion Discussion Discussion

lettuce (L. sativa ) Marulanda (2003)

G. mosseae

AMF increased nitrate reductase activity (nitrate ammonium) lettuce

G. coronatum

similar to (L. sativa) Adraiana et al. (2003)

G. intraadices
G. clarodeum
G. mosseae

4 mM N + 1 mM P

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Conclusion Conclusion Conclusion Conclusion

Green oak Red oak Scutelluospora sp. Glomus mosseae

Acknowledgements Acknowledgements

Utilization of Biodiversity and the Center of Excellence in Biodiversity, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University

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Thank you Thank you Thank you Thank you

Dr. Teerada Wangsomboondee