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LCM Conference Zurich 2007 Simplified Methods 'Slimline LCA' for - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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LCM Conference Zurich 2007 Simplified Methods 'Slimline LCA' for use at the Swiss retailer Coop LCA reduced to the max by Arthur Braunschweig & Marloes Caduff E2 Management Consulting Inc. Wehntalerstr. 3, CH-8057 Zrich, Tel. +41

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E2 Management Consulting Inc.

  • Wehntalerstr. 3, CH-8057 Zürich, Tel. +41 44 368 50 20, Fax +41 44 368 50 21

www.e2mc.com, e2post@e2mc.com

LCM Conference Zurich 2007 – Simplified Methods 'Slimline LCA' for use at the Swiss retailer Coop – LCA reduced to the max

by Arthur Braunschweig & Marloes Caduff

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E2 / Braunschweig&Caduff / LCM2007 / SlimlineLCA/ 29.08.2007 / Page 2

LCM 2007 Slimline LCA!

Starting Point – General

LCA should be applicable for all project sizes – small, medium & large! Simple Medium Complex Hyper-complex Complexity

  • f a study

Low Medium High Cost / Time

Packaging Trsp-systems Tissue House PC 'Nano'

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E2 / Braunschweig&Caduff / LCM2007 / SlimlineLCA/ 29.08.2007 / Page 3

LCM 2007 Slimline LCA!

Starting Point – Focus on the simple LCAs

LCA should be applicable for all project sizes – small, medium & large!

Low

Medium High Cost / Time

Packaging NEAT Tissue 'Nano' House PC Tissue Simple

Medium Complex Hyper-complex Complexity

  • f a study
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E2 / Braunschweig&Caduff / LCM2007 / SlimlineLCA/ 29.08.2007 / Page 4

LCM 2007 Slimline LCA!

The Goal

Coop: a major retailers in Switzerland, uses – sometimes – LCA for its packaging and product selection. LCA for packaging is a 20 yr. old issue – LCA-wise often a straightforward analysis. But packaging keeps changing, and the environmental assessment should be easily available when necessary. Coop and E2 developed a slimline LCA process, using all standard elements available for inventory and impact assessment including interpretation. This allows LCA for standard comparisons of packaging and similar products at low cost, of less than € 2000 per analysis. Such slimline LCA processes reduces the cost barrier and allows LCA application in everyday business situations.

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E2 / Braunschweig&Caduff / LCM2007 / SlimlineLCA/ 29.08.2007 / Page 5

LCM 2007 Slimline LCA!

Procedure

1) Coop decides to order an LCA 2) Coop fills in form sheets

  • functional unit,
  • type and amount of material,
  • transport information,
  • waste treatment

3) E2 calculates the LCA,

  • using standardized inventory data (ecoinvent) and

impact assessment methods (UBP'97 and EI'95 / EI'99)

  • and produces a short, standardized report

4) E2 submits the report, possibly followed by a short review by phone 5) Cost of 1500 € – 6000 €

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E2 / Braunschweig&Caduff / LCM2007 / SlimlineLCA/ 29.08.2007 / Page 6

LCM 2007 Slimline LCA!

Example: A typical result format

  • Funct. Unit & Scope (1 – 2 p.)
  • Result (1 p.)
  • Interpretation (1 p.)
  • Data annex (2 p.)

Report = 5 – 6 pp.

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E2 / Braunschweig&Caduff / LCM2007 / SlimlineLCA/ 29.08.2007 / Page 7

LCM 2007 Slimline LCA!

Example 1: Joghurt cover

Question: Which cover material? Scope and Data used:

  • PET foil supply chain

BUWAL 250

  • Aluminium foil supply chain

BUWAL 250

  • Waste treatment of PE / Alu

BUWAL 250 Alternatives (1000 pcs) Materials (*) Waste type PET type 1 0,38 kg incineration (PE) PET type 2 0,30 kg incineration (PE) Aluminium foil 0,43 kg incineration (Alu)

(*) = data partially changed

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E2 / Braunschweig&Caduff / LCM2007 / SlimlineLCA/ 29.08.2007 / Page 8

LCM 2007 Slimline LCA!

Example 1: Joghurt cover

Result in UBP'97 Result in Eco-indicator pts

Ökobilanz Coop VIVA: Joghurtstanzlinge (in UBP pro 1'000 Stanzlinge)

  • 500

1'000 1'500 2'000 2'500 3'000 3'500 4'000 4'500 PET 715.04009 PET 715.04015 Alu 115.05423 Umweltbelastungspunkte '97 Entsorgung Herstellung

Ökobilanz Coop VIVA: Joghurtstanzlinge (in Eco-Indicator 95 - Punkten pro 1'000 Stanzlinge)

  • 10

20 30 40 50 60 PET 715.04009 PET 715.04015 Alu 115.05423 Ecoindicatorpoint 95 Entsorgung Herstellung

... from waste treatment … from production of material

  • PET alternatives are environmentally slightly superior
  • Annual use = some mio pcs.; the difference would lead to an

environmental impact equivalent to 43'000 car kms.

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E2 / Braunschweig&Caduff / LCM2007 / SlimlineLCA/ 29.08.2007 / Page 9

LCM 2007 Slimline LCA!

Example 2: Bath gel packaging

Question: Old or new packaging? Scope and Data used:

  • PE, PP

BUWAL 250 / ecoinvent

  • Waste treatment material

BUWAL 250 / ecoinvent

  • Transport

BUWAL 250 / Ökoinventare für Verkehr (infrastructure, fuel precombustion, fuel use) material per 1000 items (*): Old New Tube 29 kg PP 27 kg PP Cover 5 kg PE 11 kg PP Label 1,2 kg PE 0,7 kg PE Transport 4 tkm 19 tkm

(*) = data partially changed

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E2 / Braunschweig&Caduff / LCM2007 / SlimlineLCA/ 29.08.2007 / Page 10

LCM 2007 Slimline LCA!

Example 2: Bath gel packaging

Ökobilanz Coop Naturaline-Verpackungen: 'Bäder-Douche'-Verpackung (in UBP '97 pro 300 Liter Inhalt)

  • 20'000

40'000 60'000 80'000 100'000 120'000 140'000 160'000 Alte Verpackung: Naturaline Bath Neue Verpackung Umweltbelastungspunkten (UBP '97) Transporte Entsorgung Verpackung Herstellung Etikette Herstellung Verschluss Herstellung Tube

Ökobilanz Coop Naturaline-Verpackungen: 'Bäder-Douche'-Verpackung (in EI '95 pro 300 Liter Inhalt)

  • 200

400 600 800 1'000 1'200 1'400 1'600 1'800 Alte Verpackung: Naturaline Bath Neue Verpackung Ecoindicatorpoints Transporte Entsorgung Verpackung Herstellung Etikette Herstellung Verschluss Herstellung Tube

Result in UBP'97 Result in Eco-indicator pts ... from truck transports ... from waste treatment ... from production of tube / cover / label material

  • Differences are minor
  • Material change, weights and transport distances are almost offsetting

each other.

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E2 / Braunschweig&Caduff / LCM2007 / SlimlineLCA/ 29.08.2007 / Page 11

LCM 2007 Slimline LCA!

Example 3: PE Waste Bag Improvement

Question: Increase recycling content? Scope overview (yellow = included) Alternatives Materials (*) Weight Virgin Recycled Existing bags 47.5 % 52,5 % 725 g / roll New bags 19 % 81 % 725 g / roll

1: Production virgin granulate PE

Gas field

..... .....

New PE

2: Production Re-Granulate PE in-house

Shredd Heating .....

Re- Granulate

Trsp.

.....

3: Production Re-Granulate PE from recycler

Shredd Heating .....

Re- Granulate

Trsp.

4: Herstellung Kehrichtsack (in-house)

Extruder ....

Kehricht- Sack

Trsp. Mixing relation "New"/"Re" Assumpt.: Processes 2 (in-house) and 3 (recycler) identical Client Waste treatm't

(*) = data partially changed

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E2 / Braunschweig&Caduff / LCM2007 / SlimlineLCA/ 29.08.2007 / Page 12

LCM 2007 Slimline LCA!

Example 3: Plastic Waste Bag – the result

LCA-Comparison per roll of 35-l-waste bags (in Eco-points / UBP'97 )

  • 100

200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1'000

Old Bag w/ 52,5% Regranulate

UBP'97 per roll

from recycled granulate from virgin granulate New Bag w/ 81 % Regranulate here: 1 of 11 pp. (more complex than the other LCAs)

  • Sensitivity Analysis on recycled content
  • New Bag is environmentally superior
  • Today, new bag is available at Coop. LCA was one

key argument to increase recycled content

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E2 / Braunschweig&Caduff / LCM2007 / SlimlineLCA/ 29.08.2007 / Page 13

LCM 2007 Slimline LCA!

Experience

  • Standardized Process: Form sheets, standard calculation, standard

interface between commissioner and practitioner work well.

  • 11 LCAs from 2002 – 2004. (After 2005, Carbotech produced LCAs based
  • n their standardized 'BasicLCA' and 'AdvancedLCA' approaches.)
  • Even a very simplified form needs explanation! One person at the

company should be responsible for the LCA contact.

  • To be applied, Slimline LCA must be integrated into internal processes
  • Slimline LCA prepares environmental input for decision making.
  • Absolute comparison of relevance helpful: The LCAs resulted in

equivalences of 20'000 to a few mio car-km.

  • If a study does not give clear results: look further (for improvements) or

accept that environmental issues are not very relevant in this decision.

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E2 / Braunschweig&Caduff / LCM2007 / SlimlineLCA/ 29.08.2007 / Page 14

LCM 2007 Slimline LCA!

Conclusions

  • Complexity of an LCA approach should fit the complexity of the

question at stake.

  • There is a market for 'slimline LCA', done with a budget of < 2'000 €.
  • In addition to detailed LCA studies, 'Slimline LCA' offers an alternative

approach to strengthen life cycle thinking in decision making

  • Therefore, 'Slimline LCA' has its place and can be used for wider

application.