Latest Results of the ILC Large TPC Prototype (LPTPC) G. De - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Latest Results of the ILC Large TPC Prototype (LPTPC)

• G. De Lentdecker

Université Libre de Bruxelles Brussels, Belgium On behalf of the LCTPC Collaboration

Overview

• Introduction
• Motivations, experiment and collider concepts
• TPC
• Micro Pattern Gaseous Detectors (MPGD)
• The Large Prototype TPC (LPTPC)
• Beam test setup in DESY
• 3 detector technologies
• Test-beam results
• Future developments
• Conclusions

2 2012/11/13

• G. De Lentdecker - KEK seminar

Future e+e- Linear Colliders

• Why ?
• There are two paths for discovery:
• Large Energy Range (Tevatron, LHC, HL-LHC,…)
• Direct discovery of new particles
• High Precision (LEP, ILC, CLIC,…)
• Inferring new physics effects from high energy scales through precise

measurements at lower energy

• Combining both strategies gives much more complete

understanding than either one alone

• Let’s take a (random) example…

3 2012/11/13

• G. De Lentdecker - KEK seminar

The Higgs

4

• The LHC has just discovered a new particle with a mass

around 125-126 GeV/c2, consistent with the Brout-Englert- Higgs boson. But is it the SM Higgs boson ?

Relativistic Quantum Field theory Gauge Principle

Established by precision EWK studies

Symetry Breaking & Mass Generation We can now test it

2012/11/13

• G. De Lentdecker - KEK seminar

Any deviation from the straight line would indicate BSM physics !

Why precision ?

5

Assumed luminosities:

LHC = 14 TeV, 300fb-1 (*) HLC = ILC 250 GeV, 250fb-1 ILC = ILC 500 GeV, 500fb-1 ILCTeV = ILC 1 TeV, 1000fb-1

1 σ confidence intervals

• M. Peskin arXiv:1207.2516v2 [hep-ph]

(*) 300fb-1 à ~ 2020 5% deviation band from SM prediction of the coupling

2012/11/13

• G. De Lentdecker - KEK seminar

Experiment concept for ILC

• “Visualize events as viewing Feynman diagrams”
• We should be able to reconstruct any final state in term
• f partons (quarks, leptons, gauge bosons)
• Concept of particle flow (PF)
• High granularity calorimetry: 1000 x LHC channels
• High resolution tracking :
• Hermiticity:

– Down to 10 mrad or lower – Everything incl. HCAL in Solenoid (B>3.5 T)

6

! 1 pt

" # $ $ % & ' ' =0.1( LHC

2012/11/13

• G. De Lentdecker - KEK seminar

Bird’s Eye View of the ILC Accelerator

7

e+e- main linac Energy: 250 GeV + 250 GeV Length : 11km + 11km # of DRFS Klystron = 7280 # of Cryomodules = 1680 # of Cavities = 14560 Detectors Accelerator tunnel

Illustration by Rei Hori

2012/11/13

• G. De Lentdecker - KEK seminar

Damping ring

Detectors design

8

ILD SiD

• Si vertex detector
• Large TPC

(L=4.3m, Ø=3.6m)

• Si envelope (in- & outside)
• Precise calor. impact
• Calorimeter
• Muon chambers
• All Si tracker

~10 discrete position measurements with σrφ~10 µm and a lever arm of ~1m in a 5T magnetic field

2012/11/13

• G. De Lentdecker - KEK seminar

TPC principle

9 2012/11/13

• G. De Lentdecker - KEK seminar

ionizing particle drifting e- Readout plane Projected trajectory

E B

ILD TPC with MPGD

• Micro Pattern Gas Detector (MPGD) instead of MWPC for the

electron amplification stage: Not limited by the ExB effects

10

MICROMEGAS OR GEM (Gas ElectronMultiplier)

• 200 hits/track
• δ1/pt ~ 9 10-5 /GeV/c (TPC only)
• δ1/pt ~ 2 10-5 /GeV/c (Full Tracker)
• σ (rφ) < 100 µm
• Rad length: 0.04X0 – 0.25 X0
• dE/dx resol ~ 5%

2012/11/13

• G. De Lentdecker - KEK seminar

MICROMEGAS & GEM

11

~1 kV/cm

~50 µm ~50 kV/cm

MICROMEGAS GEM

2012/11/13

• G. De Lentdecker - KEK seminar

~100 µm ~50 kV/cm

The Large Prototype TPC (LPTPC)

• Dimensions:
• Length = 61cm
• Diameter = 77cm
• Endplate :
• Aluminium
• Can accommodate 7

detectors/dummy modules

• GEM and Micromegas

modules have same shape à àinterchangeable

12

MICROMEGAS/Multi-GEM

2012/11/13

• G. De Lentdecker - KEK seminar

The field cage

• 13

.

HV : up to 20kV

Radiation Length: 1.31% of X 0

2012/11/13

• G. De Lentdecker - KEK seminar

New endplate

14

New lighter endplate, space frame, completed end of March 2012:

2012/11/13

• G. De Lentdecker - KEK seminar

Old endplate 16,9 % X0 New endplate 7,5 % X0

Endplate material budget:

• readout : 5% X0
• Cooling : 2% X0
• Power cables :10% X0
• Mechanical structure : 8% X0

DESY set-up

• LPTPC slided into a

superconducting solenoid of up to 1.25 T

• 1 < p < 6 GeV/c e-

15

e- e-

Cosmic Trigger setup

2012/11/13

• G. De Lentdecker - KEK seminar

DESY set-up developments

16

• LCTPC Collaboration with EUDET

and AIDA :

2012/11/13

• G. De Lentdecker - KEK seminar

3D moving table DESY – KEK collab PCMAG upgraded: new crycoolers and closed cooling cirtcuit (not shown here) Thanks to KEK-IPNS cryo. Group & KEK cryo. center + detector, electronics, developments …

Tested MPGD technologies

• 4 MPGD readout options are tested with the LPTPC:
• Analog TPC (Subject to gas gain fluctuation in the gas amplification)
• Multi layer GEM with standard pads

– The charge is spread on the pad plane by diffusion

• MICROMEGAS with resistive-anode pads

– To spread the very narrow avalanche charge on the pad plane

• Muli layer GEM with pixel readout

– To cope with high occupancy

• Digital TPC (Free from gas gain fluct. Expect improvement on

position resolution by 20-30%)

• Gridpix

– pixel device with implemented Micromegas mesh (Timepix of the pixel size of 55 µm) detecting individual primary electrons with 100% efficiency.

17 2012/11/13

• G. De Lentdecker - KEK seminar

Multi layer GEM with standard pads

• 2-3 layers of GEM provide sufficient gas

gain O(1000) for low noise electronics

• The gap between the GEMs and the

E fields determine the charge spread à determine the point resolution

• 2 types of GEM modules have been

successfully tested:

• Asian GEM
• Double thick (100µm) GEMs
• Stretching to minimise dead

region on the sides.

• DESY GEM
• Triple CERN GEM

With thin (1mm) ceramic frame)

18 2012/11/13

• G. De Lentdecker - KEK seminar

Asian GEM Set-up @ DESY

19

• ALTRO chip (ALICE TPC Read Out) has 16 channels
• Digitize and buffer the signal
• Perform zero-suppression
• 1 FEC has 8 ALTRO chips
• For LCTPC, CERN designed a new preamp: PCA16
• Tuneable gains, polarity, peaking/decay time,…

2012/11/13

• G. De Lentdecker - KEK seminar

5152 pads of 1.2 x 5.4 mm2 (28 staggered rows)

Some Double GEM Events

20 2012/11/13

• G. De Lentdecker - KEK seminar

Spatial Resolution

21 2012/11/13

• G. De Lentdecker - KEK seminar

Developments

• Recent:
• New segmented GEM foils (to reduce the discharge probability)
• 3 modules will be tested at DESY in December 2012
• Future (2013):
• New readout electronics: the SALTRO16
• Tested successfully on electronics testbench
• Power pulsing demonstrated

– Power consumption reduced by a factor 60 with 5 Hz cycle

22 2012/11/13

• G. De Lentdecker - KEK seminar

25 mm 32.5 mm

MICROMEGAS with resistive anodes

• Resistive coating on top of an

insulator: Continuous RC network which spreads the charge from σ (avalanche)~15µ to mm: matching pad width improves position sensitivity

• PAD RESPONSE: Relative

fraction of ‘charge’ seen by the pad, vs x(pad)-x(track)

23

• M. Dixit, A. Rankin, NIM A 566 (2006) 28

x(pad) – x(track) (mm) Z=20cm, 200 ns shaping

2012/11/13

• G. De Lentdecker - KEK seminar

First MICROMEGAS tests

• 3 bulk MICROMEGAS modules tested
• Regular anodes
• Resistive anodes (carbon loaded kapton)

with a resistivity ~ 5-6 MΩ/□

• Resistive anodes (resistive ink) with a

resistivity ~ 1-2 MΩ/□

• 1726 (24x72) pads of ~3x7 mm²
• T2K AFTER-based electronics (72 ch./chip):
• low-noise (700 e-) pre-amplifier-shaper
• 100 ns to 2 µs tunable peaking time
• full wave sampling by SCA

24 2012/11/13

• G. De Lentdecker - KEK seminar

Some events

B=1T, T2K gas: Ar/CF4/iso-C4H10 (95:3:2)

25 2012/11/13

• G. De Lentdecker - KEK seminar

Spatial resolution

26

• Measured drift velocity (Edrift = 230 V/cm),

7.56 ± 0.02 cm/µs

• Magboltz: 7.548 ± 0.003 cm/µs

for Ar/CF4/iso-C4H10/H2O (95:3:2:100ppm)

2012/11/13

• G. De Lentdecker - KEK seminar

New Compact T2K electronics

• New resistive anode with improved grounding
• Compact T2K electronics directly mounted on the backside of the MICROMEGAS

module

27

Summer 2012: 6 modules mounted on LPTPC

2012/11/13

• G. De Lentdecker - KEK seminar

Remove protection Remove the packaging Transfer power regulation and ADC to the mezzanine module card.

First results

• Also improvements in offline track reconstruction:
• Uses now KalmanFilter (K. Fujii) in MarlinTPC (ILCSOFT) framework

28

• nline
• ffline

2012/11/13

• G. De Lentdecker - KEK seminar

Study of the cracks

29

• Having now almost the full LPTPC endplate equipped with

modules allow to study the features of the Large TPC prototype

Study the hit reconstruction efficiency at or near the crack: take data with beam, moving by steps of 2mm

Beam direction Outside crack In crack Upper crack Lower crack Pad-row number (3x24=72) Hits with ADC>150, event w/. 1 track

2012/11/13

• G. De Lentdecker - KEK seminar

Scan around the cracks

30

Number of hits per track vs x

àEffect of cracks is felt in an area ~1cm around.

Number of hits per track vs x

More results to come soon (spatial resolution, etc.)

2012/11/13

• G. De Lentdecker - KEK seminar

Field distortions

2012/11/13

• G. De Lentdecker - KEK seminar

31

Residuals (mm) Pad row After software correction Need to control E field at the scale of O(100) µm

MMegas GEM

Digital TPC with Gridpix

• In Gridpix, the MICROMEGAS is built on the Timepix chip by a

wafer post-process providing the ideal alignment between the grid holes and the CMOS Timepix pixels.

• Cell pitch: 55-60 µm
• Si layer to protect
• Gain 5k-10k

32 2012/11/13

• G. De Lentdecker - KEK seminar

2 beta’s from 90 Sr in 0.2 T

GridPix tested with LPTPC

• The octopuce protoype, 8

GridPix’s on daughter board

• Powerful tool to perform

fundamental studies for gaseous detectors:

• Ionisation
• Fano factor measurements
• Avalanche fluctuations

33 2012/11/13

• G. De Lentdecker - KEK seminar

GridPix tested with LPTPC

34

• He/Iso 80/20
• Vmesh = 400V
• Time mode

2012/11/13

• G. De Lentdecker - KEK seminar

Ion back flow

• Simulation of positive ion back flow
• Estimate the effect of the primary ions and the secondary ions

(from amplification) on the drifting electron trajectory with and without a gating device

• Ion feedback ratio ~10-3

(measured with both devices)

• Gain ~1000
• Gate device probably needed
• Wire gate
• Very thin GEM gate

35 2012/11/13

• G. De Lentdecker - KEK seminar

Future developments

• Some already shown (Endplate, SALTRO)
• Towards final electronics: GdSP
• gaseous detector signal processing (or Go digital as Soon as Possible)
• CERN-based collaboration lead by Paul Aspell, including Saclay: F.

Guilloux and E. Delagnes, continuing SALTRO evolution.

• Common development for CMS GEM µ-chambers and LC TPC. Recently

considering ALICE upgrade (GEM TPC and µ chambers).

• Main developments : 130 nm technology, 64 or 128 channels, low noise

and ultra-low consumption, many power domains to ease power switching

• First Si test to be submitted in February 2013 (AIDA)
• Goals for the FE: for 10 pF detector capacitance and 100 ns peaking time

ENC<900 e- and power < 1mW/ch (SALTRO~10mW/ch)

36

! !

2012/11/13

• G. De Lentdecker - KEK seminar

Parameter VFAT2 (IBM 0.25) SALTRO (IBM 0.13) VFAT3 / GdSP (IBM 0.13) Linear range +- 12fC 150fC Max 200fC Input capacitance (pF) 20 0-20 5 – 10 – 30 – 60 Noise ~500e- 40-60e-/pF @ 25ns ~ 650e- 15e-/pF @ 120ns < SAltro /VFAT

Conclusions

• The LCTPC Collaboration has already achieved many

important milestones

• Successfully tested the LPTPC with several MPGD devices and

readout electronics

• The pad-readout MPGD TPCs satisfy the spatial resolution for

500 GeV ILC

• Main electronics integration issues are now being adressed
• Still a lo to do
• Continue to reduce the material budget on the TPC endplate

(electronics mounting and cooling)

• Come up with a design of gate device
• Address engineering issues for stable and reliable operation

(distortions)

37 2012/11/13

• G. De Lentdecker - KEK seminar

THANK YOU AND ESPECIALLY TO:

• K. FUJII, T. MATSUDA,
• D. ATTIE, P. COLAS

AND THE LCTPC COLLABORATION

38 2012/11/13

• G. De Lentdecker - KEK seminar

Back-up slides

Electron Linear Collider Projects

• Compact Linear Collider:
• ECM=1.0 - 3.0 TeV
• L~1035 cm-2 s-1
• 2-Beam accelerator scheme
• Normal (warm) conducting accelerating cavities

– High accelerating gradients (100MV/m) and frequency (12 GHz)

• 0,7 ns bunch spacing !
• Expect CDR end of 2010, construction > 2017

40 2012/11/13

• G. De Lentdecker - KEK seminar

41 2012/11/13

• G. De Lentdecker - KEK seminar

42 2012/11/13

• G. De Lentdecker - KEK seminar

Push-Pull options

43 43

detector B

may be accessible during run

accessible during run

Platform for electronic and services (~10*8*8m). Shielded (~0.5m of concrete) from five

• sides. Moves with detector. Also

provide vibration isolation.

The concept is evolving and details being worked out detector A

2012/11/13

• G. De Lentdecker - KEK seminar

From outside to inside

• The muon system:
• Instrumented iron return yoke
• A few ns time resolution (Note: no trigger)
• mm – cm spatial resolution range
• RPCs with 3-4 cm wide strips

44 2012/11/13

• G. De Lentdecker - KEK seminar

Imaging/Tracking calorimeter

• The HCAL
• High granularity Sampling calorimeter
• Steel as absorber
• Scintillator tiles (analog) VS. gaseous device (digital)
• 3 x 3 cm2 VS. 1 x 1 cm2
• SiPM VS. GlassRPC

45 2012/11/13

• G. De Lentdecker - KEK seminar

From outside to inside II

• The ECAL
• High granularity, particle separation, compactness
• => Sampling calorimeter (~30 layers)
• Silicon diodes or scintillator separated by tungstene
• Lateral cell size : 5 x 5 mm2
• 100 Million of channels
• FE electronics embedded in detection layer

46 Ø Small dead zone area Ø All modules are identical (Tungsten wrapped by Cfi) Ø The detector slabs would be tested before assembling 2012/11/13

• G. De Lentdecker - KEK seminar

Pixel and Si detector

• Main issue is the Material Budget !
• Vertex detector
• 3 double or 5 single pixel layers 15 < r < 60 mm
• Should provide a point resolution ~ 3µm
• Should intercept tracks with theta such that |cosθ| < 0.97
• Size : 10x10 – 30x30 um2
• Si Tracking detector
• Around the TPC
• Silicon Internal Tracker (SIT)
• Silicon External Tracker (SET)
• Forward Tracking Detector (FTD)
• Endcap Tracking Detector (ETD)
• Improve time and spatial resolution
• Provide ECAL entry point

47 2012/11/13

• G. De Lentdecker - KEK seminar

2012/11/13

• G. De Lentdecker - KEK seminar

48

E B

Space-frame endplate

2012/11/13

• G. De Lentdecker - KEK seminar

49

calculated measured mass material deflection stress deflection kg %X0 µm MPa µm (100 N) (yield: 241) (100 N) LP1 18.87 16.9 29 1.5 33 LP2 Space-Frame 8.38 7.5 23 4.2 27

(strut or equivalent plate)

Lightened 8.93 8.0 68 3.2 Al-C hybrid Al 7.35 7.2 (68-168) (3.2-4.8)

(channeled plus fiber) C 1.29

Channeled Al 7.35 6.5 168 4.8

Resistive anodes:

• In TPC, the physics limit for the resolution comes from

transverse diffusion

Neff = effective no. of electrons contributing to position determination.

• For best resolution, choose gas with smallest diffusion
• BUT, with MPGD-TPC resolution is limited by pad width w.

The resolution gets worse for wide pads (~mm) in absence

• f diffusion.

50

! x

2 " DTr 2 # z

Neff ! x

2 " w2

12 as z " 0 Solution: Resistive anodes

Resistive foil Glue pads

PCB

mesh

2012/11/13

• G. De Lentdecker - KEK seminar

Resistive anodes

51

! 0

2 + CD 2

Ne z

2012/11/13

• G. De Lentdecker - KEK seminar

DAQ

• Triggers provided by scintillators (beam/cosmics)

52

Brussels contributions

2012/11/13

• G. De Lentdecker - KEK seminar

Carbon Loaded Kapton VS. Resistive ink Carbon Loaded Kapton Resistive Ink

53 Γ = 7 mm δ = 10 mm Γ = 11 mm δ = 13 mm

à σz=5cm = 68 µm à σz=5cm = 130 µm !

2012/11/13

• G. De Lentdecker - KEK seminar

54

MICROMEGAS + Silicon modules

• Last november, the Vienna group installed Si modules around

the TPC

• DAQ synchronisation based on Brussels DAQ board.

16/12/2009

IIHE, Internal seminar

54 2012/11/13

• G. De Lentdecker - KEK seminar

Double GEM structure

55

Optional: gating GEM

• ALTRO (ALICE) Electronics + new PCA16 preamp. (tunable gain,
• peak. and decay time, polarity,…), noise ~ 314 electrons

5152 pads of 1.2 x 5.4 mm2 (28 staggered rows)

2012/11/13

• G. De Lentdecker - KEK seminar

56

3-GEM Structure & TimePix

Readout: 2 quadboards each with 4 TimePix chips of 256x256 ch (55µmx55µm)

3-GEM + CMOS pixel readout

14 mm

2012/11/13

• G. De Lentdecker - KEK seminar

57

3-GEM Structure & TimePix

Largest amount of readout channels

• n one anode for a TPC so far: # ch 500 k

10 cm T2K-Gas 40 cm T2K-Gas 50 cm T2K-Gas

2012/11/13

• G. De Lentdecker - KEK seminar

2012/11/13

• G. De Lentdecker - KEK seminar

58

! !

!""#$%&'($)*'+,*-./'!0+ 1$-'*/-)'2"%342)$%&',#-)/.

5*/67-#' 5*/67-#' 2"%)-2). 2"%)-2). 589',#-)/. +8!0+',$,/.

59

Laser Calibration Setup

=> pattern seen with Micromegas Photoelectrons produced at cathode

• UV light pulses sent via

fibres to top and bottom

• f TPC endplate
• Light distribution constant
• ver central module
• Position of reconstructed

hits to calculate distortions, diffusion, drift velocity…

2012/11/13

• G. De Lentdecker - KEK seminar

60

TPC Performance

2012/11/13

• G. De Lentdecker - KEK seminar

61

LP-TPC Endplate

2012/11/13

• G. De Lentdecker - KEK seminar

B field

62

30 cm

2012/11/13

• G. De Lentdecker - KEK seminar

63

Readout Electronics: AFTER

2012/11/13

• G. De Lentdecker - KEK seminar

64

Jet Energy Resolution

2012/11/13

• G. De Lentdecker - KEK seminar

65

Particle Flow

2012/11/13

• G. De Lentdecker - KEK seminar

66

PF Calorimetry

2012/11/13

• G. De Lentdecker - KEK seminar

67

PF Algorithm

2012/11/13

• G. De Lentdecker - KEK seminar