Kissing a Chick Will Make You Sick: A Fowl Case of Salmonella Kayla - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Oct 26, 2023 389 likes •601 views

Kissing a Chick Will Make You Sick: A Fowl Case of Salmonella Kayla Donohue, MPH CDC/CSTE Applied Epidemiology Fellow Vermont Department of Health Infectious Disease Epidemiology | Healthcare Associated Infections The Stars: Princess Laya,

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Kissing a Chick Will Make You Sick: A Fowl Case of Salmonella

Kayla Donohue, MPH CDC/CSTE Applied Epidemiology Fellow Vermont Department of Health Infectious Disease Epidemiology | Healthcare Associated Infections

SLIDE 2

The Stars:

Princess Laya, Hen Solo, Chewbwaka, Boba Feather, Kylo Hen, Rey, K2SO

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Objectives:

Understand the prevalence of Salmonella associated

with exposure to live baby poultry

Observe the trends in Vermont over time and

consider the impact of Culture-Independent Diagnostic Testing (CIDT)

Understand behaviors that may increase the risk of

contracting Salmonella

Identify populations at increased risk and explore

potential interventions

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What is Salmonella?

Salmonellosis is an infection caused by Salmonella bacteria
1.2 million illnesses and 450 deaths in US annually
Annual Incidence in US 15.2 illnesses per 100,000 individuals
Signs & Symptoms:
Acute gastroenteritis (mild to severe diarrheal illness)
Abdominal cramps, fever, nausea, vomiting, headache
Severe and life-threatening complications ( 8%):
Extra-intestinal or invasive infections in bloodstream, bone,

joint, brain, nervous system, etc.

~

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How is it spread?

Animals shed pathogens Pathogens contaminate the environment People exposed to pathogens People get sick

Young animals are more likely to shed pathogens

Many pathogens have a low infectious dose Children are most at risk for serious illness

Salmonella lives in the

intestinal tract of humans and animals

Eating contaminated food or

drinking contaminated water

Touching infected animals
r their environments and

not washing your hands afterwards

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Trends in Vermont

Salmonella infections in Vermont, 2011-2017

Number of Cases 30 60 90 120 Category Title 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Poultry-Associated Non-Poultry Associated 4% 2% 7% 8% 5% 17% 22%

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Live Poultry Trends

Salmonella infections associated with exposure to live poultry in the US Compared to Vermont, 2011-2017

Number of Cases (VT) 5 10 15 20 Number of Cases (US) 300 600 900 1200 Year 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 VT Cases US Cases

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Live Poultry Trends

Salmonella infections associated with exposure to live poultry in Vermont, 2011-2017

Number of People 6 11 17 22 Year 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

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Laboratory Testing

80 of 173 Salmonella electronic lab results from 2016-2017 were from CIDT (46.75%) Timeliness: Specimen collection date Date received by public health CIDT (n=79): average 2.33 days (1-4 days) Culture (n=90): average 8.51 days (1-34 days)

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Geographic Spread

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By Age Category

Salmonella infections by age category, 2011-2017

Number of Cases 23 45 68 90 Age Category Under 10 21-30 years 41-50 years 61-70 years Poultry Cases Non-Poultry Cases

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Children Under 10

Percent of cases under 10 years of age, 2011-2017

13 25 38 50 Poultry Non-Poultry 17 42 % %

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A Closer Look at 2017

As of 9/30/2017, N=18
Median illness duration = 10 days (5-14 days)
1 hospitalized (6%)
14 reported live poultry exposure (78%)
11 females (61%)
10 Braenderup (56%), 7 Enteritidis (39%),1 Mbandaka (6%)
5 were under the age of 10 (28%)
Median age at onset = 29 years (2 months-66 years)
4 were from Orleans County (22%)
2 were occupationally exposed (11%)

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2016 Outbreak

Confirmed Salmonella Cases Associated with Live Poultry Exposure Epidemic Curve, Vermont 2016

Number of Cases 1 2 2 3 Onset Date 2-Mar 11-Mar 20-Mar 29-Mar 7-Apr 16-Apr 25-Apr 4-May 13-May 22-May 31-May 9-Jun

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2017 Outbreak

Confirmed Salmonella Cases Associated with Live Poultry Exposure Epidemic Curve, Vermont 2017

Cases 1 2 2 3 Onset Date 11-Apr 21-Apr 1-May 11-May 21-May 31-May 10-Jun 20-Jun 30-Jun 10-Jul 20-Jul 30-Jul 9-Aug Braenderup Enteritidis Mbandaka

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Risk Factors

14 exposed to live poultry 12 owned poultry and were exposed at home (86%) 8 kept poultry inside their home (67%)

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Risk Factors

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Risk Factors

10/13 (77%) said they were aware of the a connection

between poultry contact and Salmonella

8/13 (62%) said they “Always (95-100%)” preformed hand

hygiene directly after handling live poultry

10/13 (77%) touched the poultry and/or cleaned the cages
2 reported only indirect contact
11/12 (92%) had baby poultry, purchased this year
2/11 (18%) had less than 1 year experience raising poultry

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Conclusions

Live poultry-associated Salmonella outbreaks seem to

be on the rise

Rural/suburban areas in Vermont
Children under the age of 10 years
Keeping chicks inside your home
What can we do?
Targeted interventions - education, HH, feed stores
Lab testing
Climate change

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This study/report was supported in part by an appointment to the Applied Epidemiology Fellowship Program administered by the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists (CSTE) and funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Cooperative Agreement Number 1U38OT000143-02

Thank You!

Kayla Donohue, MPH kayla.donohue@partner.vermont.gov 802-863-7329 Bradley Tompkins, MPH Patsy Kelso, PhD Veronica Fialkowski, MPH Laurin Kasehagen, PhD CDC Salmonella Outbreak Team