Key ey find nding ngs f from om th the e 2014 Illicit Dr t - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Key ey find nding ngs f from om th the e 2014 Illicit Dr t Drug R Rep epor orting ng Sys ystem em Australian National Maritime Museum, Sydney Monday 20 th October 2014 Jenny Stafford and Lucy Burns Funded by the Australian Government under the Substance Misuse Prevention and Service Improvement Grants Fund

ID IDRS: K : Key ey r res esults for 2 r 2014

Par Partici cipant nt El Eligi gibi bility Injected in the last 6 months In the “market” for the past year Sampled from needle and syringe programs, outreach, clinics, snowballing Around 100 participants from each jurisdiction

Par Partici cipant nt ch char aract acteristics cs Participant recruitment 2013 2014 N=887 N=898 NSP Treatment provider Mean age (years) 40 (18-66) 41 (18-67) Street press Word of mouth % Male 64 69 Other 7% % Single 53 56 % Unemployed 84 83 % Currently in treatment 47 47 34% 57% % Prison history 56 55 1% Mean age first injected (years) 20 20 1%

IDR DRS: Dr Drug ug injected mo most t last t mo month th (%) Drug Dr ug of cho hoice (%) 60 60 54 53 53 50 50 50 43 42 41 40 40 40 30 % PWID % PWID 30 30 26 25 25 24 23 22 ↑ 21 20 17 20 20 16 16 10 15 16 8 7 10 10 11 10 5 2 5 5 0 0 Heroin Any methamph Heroin Any methamph Morphine Cannabis Ice/crystal Morphine ↑ Significant increase between 2013 ands 2014 (p<0.05)

IDR DRS: Recent ent drug use e (% ) Mainly hydroponic Mainly ice/crystal 80 73 72 70 70 66 60 60 60 50 % PWID Mainly used in NSW 40 30 20 16 12 10 0 Heroin Methamphetamine Cannabis Cocaine 2013 2014

IDR DRS: Significant increase - number of days recently used ice/crystal Medi dian da days s of use se (%) %) 12 days to 20 days in 2014 200 180 170 180 160 160 140 120 % PWID 96 ↓ 100 72 72 80 60 72 60 40 24 24 22 19 20 5 3 3 2 0 2011 2012 2013 2014 Heroin Any meth Cocaine Cannabis ↓ Significant decrease between 2013 ands 2014 (p<0.05)

IDR DRS: Recent t me metha thamp mphe heta tami mine us use (%) 90 76 80 70 66 70 60 61 ↑ 55 55 60 50 % PWID 43 37 35 40 34 30 30 22 20 13 12 10 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Speed Base Ice/Crystal Any Methampetamine ↑ Significant increase between 2013 ands 2014 (p<0.05)

IDR DRS: Indicat ator r dat ata a – wei eight and nd nu number er of det etections ns of crys ystalline ne me metha thamp mphe heta tami mine at t the the Aus ustr tralian border 1,600 1,600 1,456 1,400 1,400 Number of detections Weight in kilograms 1,200 1,200 1,084 1,000 1,000 800 800 600 600 400 400 225 233 160 160 200 154 124 133 171 200 115 76 14 88 83 55 30 20 64 17 18 14 12 2 36 27 0 0 Weight Number Source: Australian Customs and Border Protection Services

IDR DRS: Recent t us use of othe ther drug ugs (%) 70 64 63 60 48 50 46 38 37 40 36 % PWID 33 30 20 10 0 Morphine Oxycodone Methadone Benzodiazepines 2013 2014

Pur urity a and A Avail ilabili ility

PURI PU RITY o of heroin n and and me methamph amphetami amine ne Methamphetamine - purity Heroin - purity 100 100 90 90 80 80 70 70 63 62 60 60 60 % PWID % PWID 50 46 49 50 50 46 44 40 40 40 32 30 32 30 30 35 29 19 29 20 20 21 13 22 23 10 10 10 13 7 0 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 High Medium Low Speed - High Ice - High

PU PURI RITY/PO /POTENCY o of cocai caine and and cannab cannabis Cocaine - purity Cannabis -potency 100 100 90 90 80 80 70 70 63 59 58 55 60 60 % PWID % PWID 49 46 50 50 36 33 40 40 32 27 30 30 22 22 29 20 17 20 20 21 16 10 10 0 0 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Cocaine - High Cocaine - Medium Hydro - High Bush - High

AVAILABILTY of h heroin and n and me methamph amphetami amine Very easy/easy to obtain Very easy/easy to obtain 100 100 93 87 90 89 95 80 88 91 90 85 89 70 85 85 72 84 60 80 % PWID % PWID 50 75 75 40 70 30 65 63 20 60 10 55 0 50 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Speed Ice Heroin

AVAILABILTY of c cocai caine ne and and canna cannabis Very easy/easy to obtain Very easy/easy to obtain 100 100 92 93 89 87 90 90 78 80 81 76 80 74 80 70 67 72 70 70 62 60 60 % PWID % PWID 65 54 50 50 40 40 30 30 20 20 10 10 0 0 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Hydro Bush Cocaine

Inj njecti ting ng risk beh ehavi viou ours, , mental al h heal alth an and d crimina nal a acti tivi vity

In Injecting ris risk k beha haviour ur and and pr probl blems ms, 201 013-2014 (i (in th the last st mon onth th) Mainly mixing spoons 2013 2014 % Borrowed a needle 7 6 % Lent a needle 11 12 % Shared equipment (excludes needles) 24 25 % Re-used own needle 40 41 % Re-used injecting equipment (excludes needles) 52 56 % Scarring/bruising 37 37 % Difficulty injecting 33 37 % Dirty Hit 11 9

Self lf-repo ported me ment ntal al h heal alth pr probl blems ms (l (last 6 st 6mth ths) s), , 2013-201 014 2013 2014 % Self-reported mental health problem 44 44 Problem reported: N=388 N=346 % Depression 66 68 % Anxiety 46 48 % Manic-depression 10 13 % Schizophrenia 15 15 Attended a health professional for self-reported 74 72 mental health problem^ (%) ^ among those who self-reported a mental health problem

Criminal al ac activity, , 20 2013 13-20 2014 14 Crime in the last month: 2013 2014 % Drug dealing 23 25 % Property 18 18 % Fraud 2 4 % Violence 3 5 % Any Crime 36 38 % Arrested in the last 12 months 32 33

Recent nt ice use se v versu sus s no no recent ice us use (i (in l las ast 6 6 mon months hs)

Recent ent use vs e vs. no no recent ent ice: e: dem demographics cs, , 20 2014 Recent Ice No recent Ice (N=547) (N=349) % Male 71 66 Median age (years) 40 43 % English speaking 95 96 % Single 58 52 % Heterosexual 89 91 % Unemployed 86 79 % Completed trade/tech qualification* 47 43 % Prison history 58 54 % Currently in drug treatment 48 45 * Significant difference (p<0.05)

Recent ent ice e vs vs. . no recent ent i ice: e: recent ent dr drug use, 20 e, 2014 Mean age first injected Recent ice – 19 years No recent Ice – 21 years 90 82 80 68 70 64 61 % of recent use 60 60 60 55 49 48 50 45 43 38 37 40 33 30 25 25 19 17 17 16 20 15 12 10 9 10 6 5 3 2 0 Recent ice (N=547) No recent ice (N=350) * Significant difference (p<0.05)

Recent ent i ice e vs. . no recent ent i ice: e: inj nject cting ng risk b beh ehavi viours, , 20 2014 Recent Ice No recent Ice Mainly mixing spoons (N=547) (N=349) % Borrowed a needle* 8 3 % Lent a needle* 15 7 % Shared other injecting equipment # 27 22 % Re-used own needle * 45 35 % Re-used own injecting equipment # 54 65 % Self-reported injecting problems 64 52 # includes spoons, water, tourniquets and filters * Significant difference (p<0.05)

Recent ent ice e vs vs. no no recent ent ice ce: Self lf-rep eported m d ment ental he health th problems ms (last t 6mths mths), 2014 Recent Ice No recent (N=547) Ice (N=349) % Self-reported mental health problem* 47 27 Problem reported: N=253 N=94 % Depression 67 70 % Anxiety 47 52 % Manic-depression 12 16 % Schizophrenia 17 9 % Panic 11 11 % Paranoia* 9 2 % Drug Induced Psychosis* 9 1 % Attended a health professional for self-reported 74 66 mental health problem * Significant difference (p<0.05)

Recent ent ice e vs vs. no no recent ent i ice e : : cri rime me in the the l last mo t month, th, 2 2014 50 46 45 40 40 % crime in the last month 35 32 30 27 25 25 21 20 15 15 15 10 6 6 5 3 2 0 Any crime* Dealing* Property Violence* Fraud* Arrested last crime* 12mths* Recent ice (N=535) No recent ice (N=343) * Significantldifference (p<0.05)

(1) 1) IDRS IDRS s summar ary Dem emographics • Mean age 41yrs, mainly male, single, unemployed Drug ug us use • Heroin main drug of choice and the drug injected most in the last month • While there was no change to recent any methamphetamine use, an increase in use and frequency of use of the form ice/crystal was found • Recent heroin and cocaine remained stable • Recent cannabis use remained stable but frequency of use decreased