its Effective Utilization in Construction Outline About CSIR-CBRI - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Characterization of Manufactured Sand and its Effective Utilization in Construction

Outline • About CSIR-CBRI • Research Gaps • Introduction • Methodology • Why Manufactured Sand? • Work Plan • Worldwide Status • Financial outlay • Process for M-sand • Outcomes • Summary CSIR-Central Building Research Institute, Roorkee

About CSIR-CBRI 1947………… CSIR-Central Building Research Institute, Roorkee

Institute….. CSIR-CBRI, Roorkee - Established in the year 1947 - responsibility of generating, cultivating and promoting building science and technology in the service of the country. Guiding - building construction and building material industries in finding timely, appropriate and economical solutions to the problems of materials, rural and urban housing, energy conservation, efficiency, fire hazards, structural and foundation problems and disaster mitigation. CSIR-Central Building Research Institute, Roorkee

Domain Area of Expertise Nine R&D Three Groups Scientific Services Extension Centre : New Delhi CSIR-Central Building Research Institute, Roorkee

R&D Groups & Scientific Services  Acoustics, Instrumentation & Mechanical Systems  Architectural & Planning  Efficiency of Buildings  Environmental Science Technology & Clay Products  Fire Engineering  Geotechnical Engineering  Organic Building Material  Polymer, Plastics & Composites  Structural Engineering  Planning & Business Development  Information & Extension  High Computational Facility CSIR-Central Building Research Institute, Roorkee

CSIR-CBRI, Roorkee VISION A world class research & knowledgebase centre of National Importance for providing innovative solutions to all aspects of building science & technology. MISSION Dedicated to research, development & innovation (RD&I) in solving National Challenges of planning, design, materials, capacity building and construction including disaster mitigation in buildings to achieve Safety, Sustainability, resilience, smartness, Comfort, functional efficiency, speed, productivity in construction, environment preservation, energy efficiency and economy. CSIR-Central Building Research Institute, Roorkee

International Linkages Health Monitoring Buildings Nano Materials Wind Engineering Structural Fire Studies Energy Efficiency of Buildings

Institute’s Technologies Technologies Developed : 120

Fire Retardant Thatch Roof Rural Housing Techniques Rural Drainage System

Manufactured Sand

Introduction With the exception of water and air Sand is the most used resource inthe world 16 Billion Tons of sand is used each year around the world Source: www. world cements & Fredonia publications 2017

Natural Sand  Natural Sand is an unconsolidated granular material  Size varies from 75 micron to 4.75 mm  Used as a fine aggregate in concrete and mortar Various sources of natural sand are: Marine sand River sand Quarry Dust Sand Dune Poor Gradation Ban on mining High Salt % High fines % Low strength

Questions to be Answered Why Manufactured What are its benefits Sand? over natural sand? What is the outcome How it makes concrete a of this project? sustainable material?

Introduction Up to 1-3% Admixture Concrete (CH & ME) Air Up to 60-70% (CA+FA) Up to 14-21% Up to 7-15% Coarse Water Cement Aggregate Sand Up to 35%

Issues… Af Affects ects flor flora a Environmental Salt water Salt w ter and f and fauna auna intr intrusion usion Imbalance Change in Change in river riv er cour course se Dis Disappearing ppearing Infra- Inf beaches bea hes structur st ucture e damage dama ge

Problems in India Why Sand Mining Construction boom in India - Mining of sand Violation of environmental laws & Court’s directives Rampant illegal sand mining Loss of Rs 1,611 crores ( Source: NGT Report, 2016 ) Illegal mining environmental crisis NGT, MoEF & other bodies against excessive sand mining.

Ban on Sand Mining NGOs & Environmental Legal Quarrying activists Breach of laws Actual consumption .. much higher PILs and Judgements Remaining ....... ?!!? Illegal MAFIAS Life loss Protests

2017-NGT directive: State government will ensure that no “illegal” sand mining 2013- Supreme Court Order: Ban on individual state laws on sand mining 2013-NGT Order: Mining permitted after environ. clearance 2012- MoEF & Supreme Court : Mining permitted after SEIAA 2012-Supreme Court Order : Sand mining ban in land less than 5 Ha. Legal steps for banning sand mining 2010-NGT Act: Sand mining ban for environmental protection

THE WORLD IS RUNNING OUT OF SAND Environmental crisis Beaches are disappearing Quarrying leads to Sand mining pollution Decimates African beaches - Now African countries are raising the alarm because of their disappearing beaches. Date 15.02.2017

Need for Technology En Envir vironme menta tal l issues issues High High demands deman ds Reso esour urce ce for or Sand and deplet de pletion ion M-Sand Ban Ban on on No No Sand San alterna alte nativ tive mining mining Un - Un su susta staina inable le

Manufactured Sand “Fine Aggregate manufactured from other than natural sources, by processing materials, using thermal or other process such as separation, washing, crushing and scrubbing” NOTE: Manufactured fine aggregate may be Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA) in Annexure A Source: IS 383-2016

Types of Manufactured Sand Manufactured Sand Natural Crushed Industrial By- Recycled Fine Rock Sand product Aggregate

Natural Crushed Rock Sand (CRS) • Produced from natural occurring rocks • Consists of considerable amount of stone dust

Production of CRS Primary Crusher Drilling Blasting Extraction Washing and Sludge Secondary crusher Screening Finished Product Removal • Eco-friendly • Sustainable • Abundant • Superior quality • Vastu friendly M-sand Coarse Aggregate Transportation

Industrial By-products By-products from thermal power plants, Iron & Steel mills etc. Industrial By- products Ecological Landfill imbalance Problems • No area for landfills • Depletes natural resources • Increase in cost • Harms living organisms • Stringent rules

Industrial By-products GGBS

Production of Industrial By-products  No further processing needed  Energy saving  Eco-friendly material  Sustainable material  Reduction of landfills Boiler Ash

Recycled Fine Aggregate (RFA) Extracted through the processing of the debris from demolition of concrete structures, broken masonry or old roads Aggregate Aggregate C&D Waste Concrete Service Life

Constituents of Recycled Fine Aggregate Lightweight Contaminants Reduces the Organics quality and consumer perceptions of Clay/Cement adherence recycled fine aggregate High Fines content

Production of Recycled Fine Aggregates  Eco-friendly material  Sustainable material  Energy Saving

Comparison between M-sand and Natural Sand

Manufactured vs River Sand Properties River Sand M-Sand Cleanliness Contains impurities Very Clean Size can not be Size can be Grading controlled customized Shape & Round & Smooth Angular &Rough texture Particles below Fine particles are Fineness 75µm is of silt, present mud and clay Specific 2.3 – 2.7 2.5 – 2.9 gravity 2.6 – 3.0 (Zone II) Fineness 2.2 -2.8 (Zone I II modulus and III )

Manufactured vs River Sand Behaviour in concrete Properties River Sand M-Sand Less Workability Good (depends on particle size) Comparatively Setting Normal faster Compressive Normal Higher Strength Im-permeability Normal Better

Benefits Reduces depletion of natural sources Reduces the quantity of Landfill Manufactured Sand Production of Eco- friendly material Reduction of cost of construction Sustainable material

Benefits Cost Analysis Savings up 6000 to Rs 300/- 5000 Cost (Rupees) Savings 4000 Water Cement 3000 Transport Admixture 2000 C.A FA Cost: Fly-Ash 1000 RSC= Rs 5430/- MSC= Rs 5118/- 0 MS in Concrete RS in Concrete

National & International Status

National Status • Nanthagopalan, et al ., Low and medium strength (25 – 60 (2010) MPa) SCCs Drying shrinkage – high • Shanmugavadivu et initially and reduces later al. (2012) • Gnanasarvanan FTIR showed Quartz M- sand is metamorphic in et al. (2013) nature Abrasion resistance of • Singh, et al. bottom ash concrete (2015) improved with age.

National Status Rubber waste, rice husk ash, sludge • Tiwari et al . (2016) waste etc. can be used non structural elements SCC showed 14.27% and 7.21% higher compressive and splitting tensile • Kristiawan et al. strength (2016) Concrete with 25% granite dust had better mechanical and durability properties. • Singh, et al. (2017 ) Manufactured sand showed higher residual strength at 500°C . • Jeyaprabha et al. (2017)