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Feb 03, 2023 183 likes •402 views

Investigations of micro- and nanoplastic toxicity using a model aquatic invertebrate and a model insect Nathalie Tufenkji Professor and Canada Research Chair Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University Montreal, Canada Microplastic

SLIDE 1

Investigations of micro- and nanoplastic toxicity using a model aquatic invertebrate and a model insect

Nathalie Tufenkji Professor and Canada Research Chair Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University Montreal, Canada

SLIDE 2

Poor Waste Management Landfjll s Consumer Products

Plastics enter soils via direct application on cropland, wastewater biosolids, release from landfjlls, etc…

T ufenkji and Emelko Encyclopedia Env Health 2010

Sources of Micro- and Nanoplastics

Plastic Mulch Biosolids Application

Microplastic and Nanoplastic Pollution on Land

Plastic litter breaks down into secondary microplastics and nanoplastics.

SLIDE 3

Need for Studies on Freshwater and T errestrial Animals

uyen et al, Accounts of Chemical Research, 2019.

Few studies of micro/nanoplastic uptake in terrestrial or freshwater

rganisms

Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fmy) Genetic, proteomic, and physiological similarities to humans Daphnia magna (water fmea) Transparent, fast reproduction, cheap and easy to work with.

Animal models in this study:

SLIDE 4

Study 1. Chronic Efgects of Leachate of Weathered Plastic

80 g plastic debris/L

fjltration

100%

20 days

SLIDE 5

Study 1. Chronic Efgects of Leachate of Weathered Plastic

100% 50% 10% 0%

48 h acute test X 3

80 g plastic debris/L

fjltration

100%

20 days

SLIDE 6

Study 1. Chronic Efgects of Leachate of Weathered Plastic

100% 50% 10% 0%

48 h acute test X 3 X 10

100% 0%

10 day chronic test

80 g plastic debris/L

fjltration

100%

20 days

SLIDE 7

Secondary Microplastics and Nanoplastics in Leachate

Xu et al, Environmental Science: Nano, under review.

There are 500 times more nanoplastics than microplastics.

SLIDE 8

Plastic Leachate Contains Low Metals but Complex Organics

Xu et al, Environmental Science: Nano, under review.

Several metals are detected at concentrations < LC50 in Daphnia. A complex mixture of

rganic compounds,

including bisphenol A is released from the plastics.

SLIDE 9

Leachate Afgects Growth, Reproduction, and Physiology

Xu et al, Environmental Science: Nano, under revi

No change in heart beat No change in swimming distance Increased body size Decreased appendag e beat Increased fecundity No signifjcant mortality

Observed sublethal efgects due to mixture of microplastics, nanoplastics and leached chemicals.

SLIDE 10

Study 2. Acute Efgects of Food Packaging Debris

ernandez et al, Environ. Sci. T echnol., under review.

100% plastic teabags 372 g plastic packaging/L

SLIDE 11

Food Packaging Releases High Levels of MPs and NPs

mean diameter ~ 25 µm ~ 2×106 particles/teab ag mean diameter ~ 100 nm ~ 15×109 particles/teab ag

When drinking 1 cup of tea, a person can ingest: 2 million micro-sized plastics 15 billion sub-micron plastics

ernandez et al, Environ. Sci. T echnol., under review.

SLIDE 12

Study 2. Acute Efgects of Food Packaging Debris

ernandez et al, Environ. Sci. T echnol., under review.

100% plastic teabags

10 cm

climbing assay

SLIDE 13

Food Packaging Debris Afgects Fly Survival and Behavior

Female fmies are more susceptible than male fmies. PET teabag leachate

Time (hours) Percent Survival

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Food Packaging Debris Afgects Fly Survival and Behavior

PET teabag leachate

SEM of fruit fmy eyes SEM of fruit fmy legs

Flies climbing above 10 cm (%)

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Concluding Remarks

Bulk plastics can degrade into millions of

microparticles and billions of nanoparticles

Weathered plastic leachate can exhibit low

toxicity but can impact growth, reproduction and feeding behavior.

Plastic use in food packagings can lead to

undesirable contamination of foods with high levels of micro- and nanoplastics

SLIDE 16

Students and Postdocs

Dr. Genbo Xu
Dr. Vimal Maisuria

Rachel Cheong Laura Hernandez Agil Azimzada

Funding Agencies

Canada Research Chairs Program Canada Foundation for Innovation NSERC McGill University Faculty of Engineering

visit us: www.biocolloid.mcgill.c

Acknowledgements

We have a funded postdoc position in ecotoxicology . Please contact me!

Prof. Hans Larsson
Prof. Stephane Bayen

Collaborators

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Extra Slides

SLIDE 18

Microplastics and Nanoplastics on Daphnia

et al, Environmental Science: Nano, under review.

Scanning electron microscopy is used to image plastic particles on the carapace and antenna of Daphnia.

SLIDE 19

Secondary Microplastics and Nanoplastics in Leachate

Xu et al, Environmental Science: Nano, under review. Particle diameter (nm) Particle diameter (nm)

2,500×

1000 nm 1000 nm 4000 nm 4000 nm

100,000×

21.2×106 particles/mL 10.8×109 particles/mL

2000 1 Fraction Ferret diameter (nm) 190 1 Fraction Ferret diameter (nm)

SLIDE 20

Chemical Contaminants in Leachate

Xu et al, Environmental Science: Nano, under review.

Proposed formula

Tentative identity

ESI+ C9H19NO4

Dexpanthenol

C8H19NO2

N-Butyldiethanolamine

C17H26O3

4-Nonylphenoxyacetic acid

C20H34O4

1,4-Bis{2-[(2-methyl-2-propanyl)peroxy]-2-propanyl}benzene

C22H30O4

Bis(4-methylcyclohexyl) phthalate (4-Methalate)

C22H30O4

Bis(4-methylcyclohexyl) phthalate (4-Methalate)

C20H30O2

Abietic acid

ESI- C7H8O3S

Toluene sulfonic acid

C13H22O4

Dibutyl itaconate

C7H7NO3

5-Aminosalicylic acid

C13H16O4

Monopentyl phthalate

C20H22O3

Avobenzone

C12H16O3

2,2-Diethoxyacetophenone

C15H16O2

Bisphenol A (BPA)*

C20H34O4

1,4-Bis{2-[(2-methyl-2-propanyl)peroxy]-2-propanyl}benzene

C20H30O2

Abietic acid