INTRODUCTION TO COATED TEXTILES Coated textile = a composite of a - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

COATED TEXTILES FOR

TEXTILE ARCHITECTURES

INTRODUCTION TO COATED TEXTILES

Coated textile = a composite of a textile fabric and a protective layer

1. Textile: woven or knitted

• Polyester
• Polyaramide
• Polyamide
• Glass
• …

2. Coating:

• PVC (Polyvinylchloride)
• Polyurethane
• Silicone
• PTFE

Protective layer:

• To protect the fabric
• Creation of impermeability
• UV protection
• Gloss, color & aspect
• To render it weldable, joinable

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1. GENERAL Coated textiles for:

1. Tents: non permanent structures 2. Textile architecture: permanent and semi-permanent structures

• 1. Tents: mostly small structures and relatively small spans

Examples:

• Industrial storage rooms
• Chapiteaux
• Circus tents
• Party tents
• Sunscreens
• 2. Textile architecture: architectural membranes for permanent & semi-

permanent structures

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2. Types of fabrics used in TENTS:

In 99.9% of all cases PVC coated polyester is used Type of fabric depends on the size of the spans and the loads Examples:  Industrial tents, party tents:

• Tenacity of 2500 – 3000 N/5cm for roofs ( Sioen B8000 – B9000)
• Tenacity of 2000 – 2500 N/5cm for sides (Sioen B7000)

 Big industrial tents, circus tents:

• Tenacities of 4000 N/5cm (Sioen B6000)

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2. Types of fabrics used in TENTS:

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3. Types of fabrics used in TEXTILE ARCHITECTURE

 Division is based on MECHANICAL properties:

• The type depends on the span and on the tensioning (forces exerted on the membrane):
• wind load
• structural load
• snow load
• ….
• There are 7 types:
• Type 1: lowest mechanical load
• Type 7: highest mechanical load
• Different materials used:

a) Glass fabric– PTFE: b) Glass – silicone: c) Polyester d) Polyester- PVC:

TEXTILE ARCHITECTURE

3. Types of fabrics used in TEXTILE ARCHITECTURE

a) Glass – PTFE: ( glass fabric with a polytetrofluoroethylene coating)

• characteristics:

+ “eternal” life ( > 30 years) + perfect anti-soiling + FR

• very susceptible to cracks by folding, manipulation and uneven tension
• yellowish but whitens under UV
• application: roofs in stadia

b) Glass – Silicone:

• characteristics:

+ “eternal” life (> 20 years)

• not weldable (glued)
• soiling due to the sticky nature of the silicone
• susceptible for cracks
• application: cheaper version of a)

c) Polyester- Silicone: under development by Sioen (type I and II)

• application: foldable roofs, umbrella structures

d) Polyester – PVC

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4. Overview of different “TYPES” for PVC Coated Polyester

TYPES:

Type I Type II Type III Type IV Type V Type VI Type VII Fabric (Polyester)

1100 dtex 9x9 L 1/1 1100 dtex 12x12 P 2/2 1670 dtex 10,5x10,5 P 2/2 1670 dtex 14x14 P 3/3 2200 dtex 14x14 P 3/3 3300 dtex 14x14 P 4/4 2200 dtex 25x25

Tensile strength (N/5cm)

3000/2800 4400/4000 5500/5000 7500/6500 10000/8500 15000/1300 20000/1900 00

Tear strength (N)

300/300 450/450 800/800 1000/1000 1500/1500 3000/3000 3000/3000

Adhesion (N/5cm)

120 120 120 120 120 120 150

Fire resistance

M2/B1 M2/B1 M2/B1 B1

Sioen Qualities

T1107, T1108 (B9115) T2107, T2108 T3107, T3108 T4107, T4108

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5. Applications & properties:

• Applications:

 TYPE I: tent roofs, chapiteaux, car ports  TYPE II: textile roofs with spans of 10-30m, tennis courts,  TYPE III: roofs for parking, umbrella's  TYPE IV: spans for market areas, soccer stadia  TYPE V: soccer stadia (high wind loads)

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5. Applications & properties:

• Applications:

 TYPE I: tent roofs, chapiteaux, car ports

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5. Applications & properties:

• Applications:

 TYPE II: textile roofs with spans of 10-30m, tennis courts

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5. Applications & properties:

• Applications:

 TYPE II: textile roofs with spans of 10-30m, tennis courts

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5. Applications & properties:

• Applications:

 TYPE III: roofs for parking, umbrella's

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5. Applications & properties:

• Applications:

 TYPE IV: spans for market areas, soccer stadia  TYPE V – VI - VII: soccer stadia and other huge textile constructions (high wind loads)

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5. Applications & properties:

• Properties of PVC coated polyester fabrics:

+ long life (10-20 years) + cheap + colors possible + flexible and “foldable” + stretchable + weldable

• soiling
• ageing

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6. Material criteria for PVC/PES textile architecture:

• Long lifetime:
• Excellent stabilization of PVC and polyester
• Thermal
• UV
• Good color retention
• High tenacity PET yarns for good mechanical values
• Fire resistant => “local” fire building prescriptions
• Excellent uniform optical transmission
• Good weldable (HF and thermal)
• Anti-soiling or self cleaning
• Not susceptible for fungi and bacteria
• Non wicking ( => see next slide)

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7. Low wick fabrics:

 Avoiding water take-up due to capillarity by proper chemical treatment

• In a normal polyester yarn, water (containing dirt and fungus) can be taken up by capillary action.
• When this phenomenon occurs, it will lead to dark marks over the tent structure, which cannot be

removed.

• By a special treatment, the yarns are made “low wick”, meaning they are less prone to excessive dirt

take-up and to microbial attack

 Sioen’s TA-range is produced with special low wick treated yarns.

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8. Mechanical values:

• Membranes have to meet the specifications of the respective TA types (types I, II, III,….)
• Fabric has to possess sufficient elongation capability (both in wrap and weft) for easy processing
• Reproducible biaxial behaviour: simulation of tensioning (simultaneous dilatation in weft and warp) in
• rder to determine the elongation of the fabric under the specific load

(=> determination of the correct cutting pattern)

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9. Light transmission:

• Uniformity of optical transmission is of utmost importance
• Coating formula, weight and pigmentation have to remain stable over the whole production
• 10. Fire resistance:
• EN 13501-1 does NOT apply for tents and membranes
• No European legislation applies. Each country has its own FR regulation.
• Most important standards in Europe:
• French NF P 92-503 (TA membranes have to classify as M2)
• German DIN 4102-1 (TA membranes have to classify as B1)
• Safety by self-opening

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• 11. Anti-soiling topcoat chemistry:
• Fluor chemistry is often applies for easy cleaning characteristics
• Drawbacks of fluoropolymers:
• Transmit UV light
• Adhesion issues
• Elasticity issues
• Too much fluoropolymer => non weldable
• Different lacquer systems:

 Pure acrylic: good overall properties  Siofluo: (standard TA lacquer): small amount of fluopolymer for dirt repellent effect  Fluomax: high fluorinated binder system, with good long-term properties and still weldable  ECT: advanced graft copolymer technology for excellent easy cleaning and even anti-graffiti properties ; non weldable Sioen does not promote 100% fluorinated lacquer systems. These systems show excellent performance (dirt repellency) at first but may have disadvantageous effects upon ageing (i.e. adhesion)

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• 12. Sioen TA qualities:

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• 12. Sioen TA qualities:

Standard:

• T1107, T2107, T3107 and T4107: TA types I-IV with Siofluo lacquer

Non standard:

• T1108, T2108, T3108 and T4108: TA types I-IV with Fluomax lacquer
• T1109, T2109, T3109 and T4109: TA types I-IV with ECT lacquer