Introduction Objective Materials and Methods Experimental Results - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Introduction Objective Materials and Methods Experimental Results - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Dec 20, 2023 379 likes •878 views

Introduction Objective Materials and Methods Experimental Results Conclusions Trickling biofilter concept: Trickling biofilter concept: Microbial attachment: Synthetic inorganic or polymeric media Intermittent delivery

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SLIDE 1
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Introduction Objective Materials and Methods Experimental Results Conclusions

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SLIDE 3

Trickling biofilter concept: Trickling biofilter concept:

  • Microbial attachment: Synthetic inorganic or polymeric media
  • Intermittent delivery of Nutrient & Buffer to the media
  • Consistent Nutrient & pH control

Consistent Nutrient & pH control

  • Optimizing the waste utilizing kinetics

Optimizing the waste utilizing kinetics

Trickle-Bed Air Biofilter (TBAB) Consistent, stable, high level performance

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challenges in application

Variation in Concentration Variation in Composition Non-use periods Characteristic source Operation maintenance Biomass accumulation

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SLIDE 5
  • Effect of step-change in influent concentration
  • Effect of non-use periods
  • interchanging
  • Effect of VOCs composition
  • Characterization of TBAB performance under adverse

Characterization of TBAB performance under adverse

  • perating conditions
  • perating conditions
  • Effect of interchanging the feed VOCs
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Reactor : Independent lab-scale TBAB Media: pelletized biological support media

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Effluent Water

Air N2 + O2

VOCs Particulates Water CO2

S S S S S S S Sampling Location VOCs

Effluent Air

7 3 1 4 2 5 6 8

  • 1. Electronic Air Cleaner
  • 2. Mass Flow Controller
  • 3. Syringe Pump
  • 4. Nutrient Feed Control System
  • 5. Nutrient Feed Tank
  • 6. Spray Nozzle
  • 7. Trickle Bed Biofilter
  • 8. Pelletized Media
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SLIDE 8

Feed VOCs

Aromatic Oxygenated

Toluene Styrene Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) Methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) 0.280 0.109 0.00194 0.00062 534.8 310 239 × 103 20.4 × 103 K’H

K’H = dimensionless Henry’s law constant S = water solubility, mg/L

S

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Operating Condition

  • Sequence of Feed VOCs
  • Study 1: Styrene → MEK → Toluene → MIBK → Styrene
  • Study 2: MIBK → Toluene → MEK → Styrene → MIBK
  • Study 3: MEK → Toluene → MIBK → Styrene → MEK
  • Inlet concentration of feed VOCs

50 ppmv ~ the critical inlet concentration

  • Flow rate
  • Study 1: Air flow = 1.35 L/min (Constant EBRT = 2.02 min)
  • Study 2: Air flow = variable (Different EBRT for each VOC)
  • Study 3: Air flow = variable (Different EBRT for each VOC)
  • Biomass control : Periodic in-situ backwashing

Frequency: 1 hour of duration / a week

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Removal capacity of single VOCs in TBAB Toluene Styrene Previous Study 1 Previous Study 1 MEK MIBK Previous Study 1 Previous Study 1 EBRT, min 0.76 2.02 0.76 2.02 Critical Con., ppmv 400 1080 150 400 EBRT, min 1.23 2.02 2.02 2.02 Critical Con., ppmv 250 400 200 200

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SLIDE 11

Current Study (interchange of the feed VOCs) TBAB performance with respect to VOC removal Effluent response corresponding to interchanging of feeding VOCs → Removal efficiency → CO2 production Microbial Community corresponding to interchanging of feeding VOCs

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TBAB performance with respect to VOC removal : EBRT = 2.02 min

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TBAB performance with respect to VOC removal

Sequential Date, days 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 VOC Concnetration, ppmv 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 Removal Efficiency, % 20 40 60 80 100

Inlet Concentration Outlet Concentration Removal Efficiency

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Inlet: 200 ppmv

Sequential Date, days 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 VOC Concnetration, ppmv 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 Removal Efficiency, % 20 40 60 80 100

Inlet Concentration Outlet Concentration Removal Efficiency

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SLIDE 15

Inlet: 50 - 1080 ppmv

Sequential Date, days 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 VOC Concnetration, ppmv 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 Removal Efficiency, % 20 40 60 80 100

Inlet Concentration Outlet Concentration Removal Efficiency

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SLIDE 16

Inlet: 50 - 400 ppmv

Sequential Date, days 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 VOC Concnetration, ppmv 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 Removal Efficiency, % 20 40 60 80 100

Inlet Concentration Outlet Concentration Removal Efficiency

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SLIDE 17

Inlet: 50 - 400 ppmv

Sequential Date, days 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 VOC Concnetration, ppmv 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 Removal Efficiency, % 20 40 60 80 100

Inlet Concentration Outlet Concentration Removal Efficiency

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Inlet: 200 ppmv

Sequential Date, days 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 VOC Concnetration, ppmv 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 Removal Efficiency, % 20 40 60 80 100

Inlet Concentration Outlet Concentration Removal Efficiency

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TBAB performance with respect to VOC removal : Variable EBRT

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Sequential Date, days 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 VOC Concentration, ppmv 200 400 600 800 Removal Efficiency, % 20 40 60 80 100

TBAB performance with respect to VOC removal

Inlet Concentration Outlet Concentration Removal Efficiency

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SLIDE 21

Inlet: 150 ppmv 0.76 min EBRT

Sequential Date, days 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 VOC Concentration, ppmv 200 400 600 800 Removal Efficiency, % 20 40 60 80 100

Inlet Concentration Outlet Concentration Removal Efficiency

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SLIDE 22

Inlet: 50 - 250 ppmv 1.23 EBRT

Sequential Date, days 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 VOC Concentration, ppmv 200 400 600 800 Removal Efficiency, % 20 40 60 80 100

Inlet Concentration Outlet Concentration Removal Efficiency

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SLIDE 23

Inlet: 200 - 400 ppmv 0.76 min EBRT

Sequential Date, days 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 VOC Concentration, ppmv 200 400 600 800 Removal Efficiency, % 20 40 60 80 100

Inlet Concentration Outlet Concentration Removal Efficiency

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SLIDE 24

Inlet: 50-200 ppmv 2.02 min EBRT

Sequential Date, days 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 VOC Concentration, ppmv 200 400 600 800 Removal Efficiency, % 20 40 60 80 100

Inlet Concentration Outlet Concentration Removal Efficiency

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SLIDE 25

Inlet: 150 ppmv 0.76 min EBRT

Sequential Date, days 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 VOC Concentration, ppmv 200 400 600 800 Removal Efficiency, % 20 40 60 80 100

Inlet Concentration Outlet Concentration Removal Efficiency

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TBAB performance with respect to VOC removal : Variable EBRT

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Sequential Date, days 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 Concentration, ppmv 200 400 600 800 Removal Efficiecy, % 20 40 60 80 100

TBAB performance with respect to VOC removal

Inlet Concentration Outlet Concentration Removal Efficiency

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SLIDE 28

Inlet: 400 ppmv 0.76 min EBRT

Sequential Date, days 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 Concentration, ppmv 200 400 600 800 Removal Efficiecy, % 20 40 60 80 100

Inlet Concentration Outlet Concentration Removal Efficiency

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SLIDE 29

Inlet: 50 - 250 ppmv 1.23 EBRT

Sequential Date, days 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 Concentration, ppmv 200 400 600 800 Removal Efficiecy, % 20 40 60 80 100

Inlet Concentration Outlet Concentration Removal Efficiency

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SLIDE 30

Inlet: 50 -150 ppmv 0.76 min EBRT

Sequential Date, days 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 Concentration, ppmv 200 400 600 800 Removal Efficiecy, % 20 40 60 80 100

Inlet Concentration Outlet Concentration Removal Efficiency

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SLIDE 31

Inlet: 50-200 ppmv 2.02 min EBRT

Sequential Date, days 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 Concentration, ppmv 200 400 600 800 Removal Efficiecy, % 20 40 60 80 100

Inlet Concentration Outlet Concentration Removal Efficiency

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SLIDE 32

Inlet: 400 ppmv 0.76 min EBRT

Sequential Date, days 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 Concentration, ppmv 200 400 600 800 Removal Efficiecy, % 20 40 60 80 100

Inlet Concentration Outlet Concentration Removal Efficiency

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Biofilter Response after interchanging VOCs

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Biofilter Response after interchanging VOCs Time, min Styrene to MEK MEK to Toluene Toluene to MIBK MIBK to Styrene 30 99.9 55.4 99.4 61.2 60 99.9 58.2 99.9 77.3 300 99.9 65.6 99.9 91.8 600 99.9 73.5 99.9 96.8 1200 99.9 75.6 99.9 95.0 2880 99.9 99.0 99.9 96.6

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Biofilter Response after interchanging VOCs Time, min MIBK to Toluene Toluene to MEK MEK to Styrene Styrene to MIBK 30 10.2 98.7 14.6 99.8 60 38.8 99.9 26.0 99.9 300 82.1 99.9 67.8 99.9 600 91.3 99.9 94.0 99.9 1200 85.6 99.9 99.9 99.9 2880 97.3 99.9 99.9 99.9

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CO2 Production

Sequential Date, days 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 CO2/VOC 2 4 6 8 10

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SLIDE 37

CO2 / VOC Removal Stage Average Value Theoretical Complete Oxidation Value Styrene 6.49 ± 0.63 8 Styrene MEK 2.66 ± 0.82 4 MEK Toluene 6.68 ± 1.24 7 Toluene MIBK 3.04 ± 0.20 6 MIBK Styrene 6.01 ± 0.51 8

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DGGE of PCR-amplified 16S rDNA

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  • PCR

Polymerase chain reaction

  • To “grow up” extra copies of a target nucleic acid sequence
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  • Extract Genomic DNA

Extract Genomic DNA Mixture of Mixture of Microorganisms Microorganisms Mixture of Mixture of Genomic DNA Genomic DNA

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  • PCR 16S

PCR 16S rDNA rDNA Genes Genes Mixture of Mixture of Genomic DNA Genomic DNA Mixture of Mixture of PCR Products PCR Products

PCR primers PCR primers

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  • Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis

Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis

  • To separate PCR fragments based upon G+C content of DNA

To separate PCR fragments based upon G+C content of DNA

  • Higher G+C content are more stable and

Higher G+C content are more stable and “ “run run” ” further into a further into a denaturing gel denaturing gel

  • DGGE

DGGE

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DGGE Process 1 DGGE Process 1

  • +

+

Mixture of Mixture of PCR Products PCR Products

G+C Clamp G+C Clamp

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DGGE Process 2 DGGE Process 2

Mixture of Mixture of PCR Products PCR Products

G+C Clamp G+C Clamp

  • +

+

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DGGE of PCR-amplified 16S rDNA

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High removal performances were observed in the interchanging VOC-fed TBAB. Prolonged EBRT had no apparent effect on the biofilter performance for MEK and MIBK, while the prolonged EBRT improved the biofilter performance of styrene and toluene significantly. The initial compound did not have apparent effect on performance of VOC interchanging in the biofilter.

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TBAB easily acclimated to MEK & MIBK, while TBAB acclimations to Toluene & Styrene were delayed for about 2 days. The destructed toluene and styrene were eliminated exclusively by aerobic biodegradation, however, the destructed MEK and MIBK were eliminated by aerobic biodegradation and possible denitrification. The results from DGGE analysis revealed that the microbial community structure was different after each interchange of VOCs.

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Further microbial study: Identifying the species of microorganisms in biofilters. DGGE of all other interchanging samples Sequencing if the PCR bands from DGGE Investigating biofilter performance under VOC mixtures. Two ratios of mixture for these four VOCs

  • Even ratio
  • Emission ratio from EPA 2003 toxic release

report

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The authors are pleased to acknowledge the financial support for the research by National Science Foundation under award # BES 0229135