Introduction and Background BVHSE02R! 1 Introduction Bureau - - PDF document

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MANSTON AIRPORT NIGHT NOISE ASSESSMENT REVIEW Thursday 20th January 2011

Ed Weston

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Introduction and Background

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Introduction

► Bureau Veritas (BV) have undertaken a review of:

• the Night Noise Assessment report prepared by Bickerdike Allen Partners

(BAP) for Kent International (Manston) Airport;

• the Night-time Flying Policy which is based on some of the findings of the

Night Noise Assessment; and

• the associated noise modelling and predictions carried out by BAP.

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Background – Night Noise

► Night noise has been recognised as being one of the major noise problems

relating to airports for many years.

► Department for Transport (DfT) publication: the Future of Air Transport, (Air

Transport White Paper, ATWP) December 2003.

► In that it sets out a measured and balanced approach to providing a strategic

framework for the development of air travel in the UK over the next 30 years.

► ‘The Government recognises that noise from aircraft operations at night is

widely regarded as the least acceptable aspect of aircraft operations. We will bear down on night noise accordingly, but we must strike a fair balance between local disturbance, the limits of social acceptability and the economic benefits of night flights. This should be done on a case-by-case basis.’

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Background – Night Noise

► Typical night noise control mechanisms:

• Quota Count (QC) system first used at London airports. It is based on the

relative noise levels generated by different aircraft together with the number of movements. QC value assigned to individual aircraft types depending on the noise they generate on departure and arrival. There are limits on the total quota and number of movements that can use a particular airport at night.

• Noise infringement limits for departures during the night-time. They are
• ften lower than equivalent daytime limits, reflecting the greater sensitivity
• f noise at night, and the fines levied on the airlines for exceeding the limits

are often higher than for daytime infringements.

• Some airports have night-time LAeq,8h noise contour area limits over a

given period.

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Background – Night Noise

► Night-time period, several definitions:

• 8 hour (23:00 – 07:00h): as referred to in Planning Policy Guidance Note 24

(PPG24) and the Environmental Noise Directive (END);

• 6.5 hour (23:30 – 06:00h): as used for the quota system at the London airports;
• 7 hour (23:00 – 06:00h): used by some airports for their noise infringement

policy; and

• Shoulder periods (23:00 – 23:30h and 06:00 – 07:00h): evening and morning

shoulder periods respectively.

► The Night Noise Guidelines for Europe, produced by the World Health

Organisation (WHO) in 2009, use the 8-hour night-time period. Therefore an increasing case for controlling noise during this period.

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Brief description of Manston Airport

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Manston Airport – description

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Manston Airport – description

► Annual throughput, compared with other airports:

Airport Annual Passengers (mppa) Annual Movements Year Manston 2.3 46,139 2018 NEMA 5.2 59,338 2006 Stansted 23.7 190,245 2006 Gatwick 32.0 262,832 2006 Heathrow 67.3 470,786 2006

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Manston Airport – description

► To minimise noise impact on more densely populated areas to east of

airport, preference for:

• departures to the west on runway 28: and
• arrivals from the west on runway 10 (when weather conditions permit such
• perations to occur in a safe manner).

► To minimise departure noise impact to residents of Herne Bay:

• noise abatement westerly departure route requiring jet and large aircraft to

make a right turn to the northwest at a distance of around 1.5 miles from the centre of the airport runway, (as long as operationally safe to do so).

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Results of Bureau Veritas review

Summary of Report ref. 4222827-R01

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Review

► The Airport’s Night-time Flying Policy proposals are:

• To operate a night quota system for the night quota period 23:30h – 06:00h

local time, annual quota limit of 1995 not to be exceeded;

• No scheduling of aircraft of Quota Count greater than QC4 during the night-

time period (23:00h – 07:00h local time). Unscheduled operations greater than QC4 to incur £1,000 contribution to MAEIF (Manston Airport Environmental Improvement Fund);

• Preferred departure runway and noise abatement routes; and
• Movements to the west of the airport will count towards annual quota count

and community contribution at 50% of certified rate.

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Review – Quota system

► Using the fleet mix and movement numbers forecast to operate during

the 6.5-hour night quota period, the resulting annual quota count has been calculated.

► Some aircraft types have a range of QCs depending on variant and

take-off weight. The minimum, maximum and likely modal QC has therefore been calculated.

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 Min Max Likely modal Sought

966 2265 1669 1995

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Review – Quota system

► Indication of severity of night noise controls given by the average quota count

per aircraft movement within the night quota period.

• Manston: Proposed annual quota limit of 1995 for 1081 movements, giving an

average QC of 1.85.

• Heathrow (current regime): annual quota limit of 9180 for 6320 movements, giving

an average QC of 1.45.

• Gatwick: average QC of 0.62.
• Stansted: average QC of 0.67.

► Applying the average quota count for Heathrow, the annual quota limit for

Manston would be just under 1570. If the equivalent for Stansted was applied, the annual quota limit would be about 725.

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Review – Quota system

► Quota limit is accompanied by a movement limit at Heathrow, Gatwick

and Stansted.

► It would be good practice to include a movement limit in any quota

count regime established at MSE.

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Review – Noise prediction and assessment

► 8-hour night noise contours produced to calculate the number of

dwellings and population exposed to different levels of aircraft noise.

• The Airport proposes a sound insulation treatment eligibility threshold of

57dB LAeq,8h.

• The Airport proposes using 55 dB LAeq,8h as their assessment criterion.
• BV suggest that this value is too high. Other airports use 48 dB LAeq,8h as

the night noise target.

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Review – Noise prediction and assessment

► Comparison between Manston forecast and UK airports of dwellings

and population exposed to 55dB LAeq,8h.

Exposed Passengers Airport Year Dwellings Population (mppa) Dwellings/ PAX Pop/ PAX Nottingham East Midlands Airport 2006 950 2100 5.20 183 404 Stansted 2006 450 1200 23.68 19 51 Gatwick 2006 450 1100 32.00 14 34 Heathrow 2006 31250 79500 67.34 464 1181 Manston 2018 1088 2272 2.29 475 992

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Review – Noise prediction and assessment

► Normalising these against the annual passenger throughput enables

indicative comparisons of disbenefit between airports to be made on more equal terms.

200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 NEMA Stansted Gatwick Heathrow Manston Dwellings/PAX Pop/PAX

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Review – Noise prediction and assessment

► Noise footprint contours (90 dB(A) SEL) produced to calculate

dwellings and population exposed to noise from individual aircraft

• The Airport proposes no significant risk if there are no more than 13 events

producing noise of 90 dB(A) SEL, and a slight risk if there are no more than six events producing noise at a level of 95 dB(A) SEL.

• Bearing in mind that the LAmax assessment is based on closed windows, BV

would also suggest that 80 dB(A) SEL is considered the threshold of acceptability for individual aircraft events at night in line with current standard practice.

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Review – Noise prediction and assessment

► The Airport recommends that given the small number of night-time

aircraft events, it would be inappropriate to control aircraft noise by way

• f the SEL unit.

► But some control over individual aircraft noise events at night is

needed.

► Indication: Populations predicted to be within the 85 dB(A) contour by

departures to the east ranges from 14,722 for MD11 departures, up to 30,903 for the Boeing 747-400. Significant.

► Properties in the west of Ramsgate are enclosed by the 90 dB(A) SEL

contour but lie outside the proposed 57 dB LAeq,8h sound insulation eligibility contour. Residents may suffer significant disturbance.

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Review – Noise insulation

► London Heathrow Airport sets a benchmark which BV would suggest is

adopted for Manston.

► It is based on the 90 dB(A) SEL noise footprint of the noisiest aircraft

that operates in the night quota period.

► It offers acoustic glazing and ventilators. ► Rooms eligible for insulation are bedrooms or bed-sitting rooms only

(which are used as bedrooms on most days of the year). The scheme provides noise insulation for approx 41,000 homes around Heathrow.

► However, residents who benefit from the sound insulation may still be

disturbed if they wish to open windows during the summer months.

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Review – Shoulder periods

► The quota scheme controls noise impact during the 6.5-hour night

quota period, but evening and morning shoulder periods un-restricted.

► Two-thirds of night operations are proposed during these periods,

therefore appropriate to impose a limit on the area of the 48 dB LAeq,8h night-time noise contour.

Annual Typical night Hours Passenger Freight Passenger Freight 23.00-23.30 1016 157 2.8 0.4 23.30-06.00 610 471 1.7 1.3 06.00-07.00 407 157 1.1 0.4 Total 2033 785 5.6 2.1

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Review of the proposed Night-time Flying Policy

(Conclusions)

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Policy review – comments

► Consider reducing annual quota limit ► Community contribution should be made for movements exceeding

QC4 during whole night period, not just night quota period.

► Noise insulation eligibility proposed to be based on actual contours.

Basing on forecast contours would enable residents to be protected prior to being exposed to the qualifying level of noise.

► Wording such as ‘committed to developing and agreeing such a

scheme’ should be strengthened.

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Policy review – suggested additions

► Include suitable movement limit. ► Sound insulation scheme extended to also include properties contained

within the 90 dB(A) SEL noise contour of the noisiest aircraft forecast to regularly depart during the night-time period.

► Suitable limit to be imposed on the area contained by the 48 dB LAeq,8h

night-time noise contour to limit the potential noise impact on local residents due to night-time operations including those during the shoulder periods.

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