Introducing the Western Queensland Best Practice Guidelines IPWEAQ - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Introducing the Western Queensland Best Practice Guidelines IPWEAQ - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Introducing the Western Queensland Best Practice Guidelines IPWEAQ Southern Roads Symposium 30 May 2018, Toowoomba Mike Pickering, Director (Pavements, Research and Innovation), Queensland Transport and Main Roads 1 | About us 2 | Type

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Introducing the Western Queensland Best Practice Guidelines

IPWEAQ Southern Roads Symposium 30 May 2018, Toowoomba

Mike Pickering, Director (Pavements, Research and Innovation), Queensland Transport and Main Roads

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About us

Type footer details here | 6 June 2018

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Purpose and outline

  • High level overview of suite
  • Briefly discuss:

 background  each guideline.

Introducing the WQBPGs | 30 May 2018

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Initial release in 2000

Introducing the WQBPGs | 30 May 2018

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Current publications

  • WQ30 Climate of western Queensland
  • WQ31 Geology and geomorphology of western Queensland
  • WQ32 Soils of western Queensland
  • WQ33 Materials sources in western Queensland
  • WQ35 Paving materials and type cross sections for roads on

expansive soils in western Queensland*

  • WQ37 Drainage structures on expansive soils in western

Queensland

  • WQ43 Erosion control in western Queensland
  • WQ51 Site rehabilitation and restoration

*Ross Guppy will present on this next.

Introducing the WQBPGs | 30 May 2018

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Purpose

  • Reduce risk
  • Capitalise on past experience and knowledge:

 consistency  fit for purpose  pavement material selection and extraction  pavement and drainage structure design  pavement and drainage structure construction  maintenance.

Introducing the WQBPGs | 30 May 2018

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Limitations

  • Guideline

 not prescriptive  expertise/trials required

  • For TMR’s North West,

Central West and South West districts

  • Empirical

 based on historic traffic and climate conditions.

Introducing the WQBPGs | 30 May 2018

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Relies on

Introducing the WQBPGs | 30 May 2018

Keeping the water out

Assumes Low average rainfall Short rainfall durations No moisture within 5m for extended periods e.g. floodways, perched water tables Priority to keep water

  • ut:

Pavement material properties Pavement type cross section Extent and type of surfacing Longitudinal drainage solutions

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Relies on

  • Optimised use of local materials

 local experience  research  trials  observed long term performance.

Introducing the WQBPGs | 30 May 2018

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Relies on

  • Recorded local experience

 past investment in research and trials  validation through in-service performance

  • Roads Performance Study in the 1980s and 1990s.

Introducing the WQBPGs | 30 May 2018

14C 13G 13H 13F 23B 23C 13A 13B 13D 18D 18E 13C 14B 14D 14E 15A

Districts 4, 7, 8 &10 Major Roads Non-exp Subgrades

Comparison between Districts (all seal widths)

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Very Good Good Adequate Poor

Rutting Performance Category Percentage within each District

District 4 District 8 Districts 7 & 10

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Relies on

  • Lower traffic impacts

 relatively low traffic volumes and axle loads  Configurations current at the time of research  empirical.

Introducing the WQBPGs | 30 May 2018

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Relies on

  • Geological knowledge

 limited hard rock sources  knowing the geology of available non-standard material(s).

Introducing the WQBPGs | 30 May 2018

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This means

Introducing the WQBPGs | 30 May 2018

If standard materials are

Unavailable locally Too costly to transport

Then consider non-standard materials which

Don’t comply with MRTS05 Types 1 to 3 Are naturally-occurring aggregates and soil Are extracted and processed using low- effort and low-cost means

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WQ30 Climate of western Queensland

  • Key parameters:

 rainfall  Southern Oscillation Index (contributes to rainfall)  temperature  solar radiation / UV  wind  Thornthwaite index  evaporation  extreme events.

Introducing the WQBPGs | 30 May 2018

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  • Mean annual rainfall not

a good measure of rainfall in any particular year

  • For example, analysis
  • f 110 years of rainfall

data for Winton indicated that:

 45% of years had <80%

  • f mean annual rainfall

 28% of years had 80% to 120% of mean annual rainfall  27% of the years had >120%

  • f mean annual rainfall.

WQ30 and rainfall

Rainfall typically low, unreliable and unpredictable

Introducing the WQBPGs | 30 May 2018

Bureau of Meteorology State of the Climate 2016 reports rainfall trend over past 20 years.

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Bureau of Meteorology longer-term trends in rainfall

Introducing the WQBPGs | 30 May 2018

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Temperature

  • Mean summer maxima typically 360C to 400C
  • Summer minima typically 210C to 240C
  • BOM State of the Climate 2016 reports its getting warmer.

Introducing the WQBPGs | 30 May 2018

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WQ31 Geology and geomorphology

  • f western Queensland

Sections:

  • geological structure
  • stratigraphy
  • geological history

 post-Jurassic

  • geomorphology
  • materials.

Introducing the WQBPGs | 30 May 2018

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WQ31

  • 13 types of material

sources described.

  • Described in

geological terms and age of formation.

  • Tabulation of materials

in terms of their geological and geomorphological expression.

Introducing the WQBPGs | 30 May 2018

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WQ31

Introducing the WQBPGs | 30 May 2018

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WQ32 Soils of western Queensland

  • Useful for classifying materials
  • Covers:

 mapping  definitions  soil classification  soil distribution  soil descriptions  cracking clays (‘black soils’, ‘grey brown and red clays’)  earths  lithosols  sandy soils  desert loams.

Introducing the WQBPGs | 30 May 2018

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WQ33 Materials sources in western Queensland

  • Describes how formed, likely
  • ccurrence and characteristics
  • Typically specified as ‘Type 4’

material in MRTS05

  • Covers:

 materials standards  source assessment  classification of sources  ancient rocks  tertiary basalt  sandstone.

Introducing the WQBPGs | 30 May 2018

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13 materials described in WQ33

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Technical note 140

TN140 Source Material Assessment for Subtype 2.5, Subtype 3.5 and Type 4 Unbound Pavement

  • A best practice guide for source

assessment

  • Assures the quality and supply

capacity of source/source material.

Introducing the WQBPGs | 30 May 2018

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Transport and Main Roads’ Pavement Design Supplement

“In drier parts of Queensland where traffic volumes are low, marginal or non-standard materials (also typically referred to as Type 4 materials) have been used extensively and many have performed satisfactorily. Use of such materials typically requires project- specific technical specifications be developed. These technical specifications should be based on local experience with the particular material, including its construction and handling requirements, historic performance and future performance expectations for the project. The use of laboratory methods, such as the repeated load triaxial test, may assist in predicting the likely performance of these materials over a range of moisture conditions relative to standard materials.”

Introducing the WQBPGs | 30 May 2018

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WQ33 Example ‘sandstone’

  • Found within the outcrop area of a number of geological

units of Rolling Downs Group (RDG) of Cretaceous age.

  • Most common in Winton, Mackunda and Wallumbilla

Formations.

  • Typically occurs as a series of gently dipping beds, sub-

cropping under a 1m to 2m thick layer of black soil.

  • Thickness of units generally exceed ≤ 3m and underlain

by more clayey and shaly beds.

  • Careful selection of suitable deposits is required

 Useful pits are generally of limited extent.

Introducing the WQBPGs | 30 May 2018

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WQ33 Example sandstone ‘pit selection’

  • Typically need to extensively prospect for suitable pit
  • Prospecting generally by backhoe
  • Pits generally selected on the basis of least thickness of
  • verlying soil (usually <1.5m)
  • Accessibility for transport (e.g. distance to road).

Introducing the WQBPGs | 30 May 2018

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WQ33 Example sandstone ‘pit processing’

  • Generally involves

stripping black soil then ripping the sandstone.

  • Care must be exercised

during winning to ensure that only the sandstone beds are actually won.

Introducing the WQBPGs | 30 May 2018

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WQ33 Example sandstone ‘properties’

  • Modified test methods should be used

 Q101 Sample preparation  Q101E Pre-treatment  Q104D Liquid limit (1 point) of a soil  Q106 Linear shrinkage

  • f a soil

Introducing the WQBPGs | 30 May 2018

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WQ33 Example sandstone ‘construction’

  • Readily breaks down to a loam
  • Critical to not over work material during winning of

placing

 trials.

Introducing the WQBPGs | 30 May 2018

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Learnings from 1979 Construction

  • Deformations and roughness of 140 due to excess

rolling with vibrating roller

  • Roughness appeared as corrugations.

Introducing the WQBPGs | 30 May 2018

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WQ33 Example sandstone ‘history

  • f use’
  • Extensive use of ‘Winton Sandstone’ in the Central West

District, including on Landsborough Highway.

Introducing the WQBPGs | 30 May 2018

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WQ35 Paving materials and type cross sections for roads on expansive soils in western Queensland

Introducing the WQBPGs | 30 May 2018

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WQ35 Paving materials and type cross sections for roads on expansive soils in western Queensland

  • Pavement derives

shear strength from:

 friction between particles  cohesive effects from fine portion  soil-suction forces  physio-chemical (stabilisation) forces.

Introducing the WQBPGs | 30 May 2018

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Shear strength of non-standard materials

  • “Plastic fines can contribute

to strength through their matric suctions providing they are present in the right nature and quantities, without jeopardising the inter-particle direct contact. Such plastic fines with high initial suctions could be expected to prolong the development of positive pore water pressures under load and thereby play a role other than as mere inert fillers.”

Introducing the WQBPGs | 30 May 2018

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WQ35 Desirable type cross sections (expansive soils)

Introducing the WQBPGs | 30 May 2018

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Technical note 118

TN118 Sealing of Unsealed Roads with Low Traffic

  • Can inform sealing of western

Queensland pavements

  • Covers:

 suitability for sealing  geometric considerations  moisture  subgrade and geotechnical  pavement  surfacing selection, design and construction.

Introducing the WQBPGs | 30 May 2018

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In scope

  • Multiple reinforced concrete box

culverts (RCBC)

  • Slab link box culverts (SLBC)
  • Multiple reinforced concrete culverts

(RCC)

  • For structures >10m along the road

centreline in expansive soil conditions Out of scope

  • Pipe culverts
  • RCBC & SLBC installations <10m

along the road centreline

WQ37 Drainage structures on expansive soils in western Queensland

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WQ37 Drainage structures on expansive soils in western Queensland

  • Covers:

 distress mechanisms  design methodology  • foundation investigation  options to control distress  moisture control  structural solutions (e.g. improved layout and bridges).

Introducing the WQBPGs | 30 May 2018

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WQ43 Erosion control in western Queensland

  • Covers:

 mechanics of soil erosion: detachment, transportation, deposition  erosion by water and wind.

Introducing the WQBPGs | 30 May 2018

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WQ43 Erosion control in western Queensland

  • Soil erosion influenced by:

 climate  soil erodibility  topographic influences  soil surface

  • cover
  • condition.

Introducing the WQBPGs | 30 May 2018

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WQ43 Erosion control in western Queensland

Introducing the WQBPGs | 30 May 2018

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WQ43 Erosion control in western Queensland

  • Management of

roadside erosion:

 shoulders  batter slopes  table drains  culverts and bridges  sidetracks.

Introducing the WQBPGs | 30 May 2018

Sheet erosion of sandstone shoulders (Martin, 1990)

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WQ43 Erosion control in western Queensland

Introducing the WQBPGs | 30 May 2018

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WQ51 Site rehabilitation and restoration

  • Restoration of borrow pits:

 licences, permits checked  mark out area to be disturbed  divert water away from site  topsoil stockpiled  make safe and stable  re-topsoiled, seeded, fertilised, mulched, watered.

Introducing the WQBPGs | 30 May 2018

Newlands Pit (Martin, 1977)

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WQ51 Site rehabilitation and restoration

  • Sidetracks:

 critically assess need for sidetrack  mark out site  divert water  stockpile topsoil  rehabilitate to remove drainage structures and fill  reshape to blend in with environment.

Introducing the WQBPGs | 30 May 2018

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WQ51 Site rehabilitation and restoration

  • Stockpile areas:

 mark out area  remove and stockpile topsoil  decommission site to remove contaminated materials  loosen up compacted materials  re-topsoiled, seeded, mulched and watered.

Introducing the WQBPGs | 30 May 2018

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Improve understanding into the future

Introducing the WQBPGs | 30 May 2018

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We’ve covered

  • High level overview of suite
  • Briefly discuss:

 background  each guideline.

Introducing the WQBPGs | 30 May 2018

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Thank you and stay connected

Twitter @TMRQld Facebook @TMRQld LinkedIn Department of Transport and Main Roads Blog blog.tmr.qld.gov.au