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Interconnected Intelligent cars Sachin Sharma University of Hamburg - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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MIN Faculty Department of Informatics Interconnected Intelligent cars Sachin Sharma University of Hamburg Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences Department of Informatics Technical Aspects of Multimodal Systems 18. December

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SLIDE 1 MIN Faculty Department of Informatics

Interconnected Intelligent cars

Sachin Sharma

University of Hamburg Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences Department of Informatics Technical Aspects of Multimodal Systems
  • 18. December 2017
Sachin Sharma – Interconnected Intelligent cars 1 / 30
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Outline

Introduction Motivation Approach Features Applications Challenges Conclusion
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Motivation
  • 3. Approach
  • 4. Features
  • 5. Applications
  • 6. Challenges
  • 7. Conclusion
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Introduction

Introduction Motivation Approach Features Applications Challenges Conclusion

What does interconnected Intelligent cars means? ◮ Autonomous vehicles ◮ Inter car communication ◮ Mostly uses dedicated short range communication(DSRC) ◮ IoT(Internet of things)

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SLIDE 4

Motivation

Introduction Motivation Approach Features Applications Challenges Conclusion

◮ Intelligent transport System(ITS) or Smart city ◮ Around 1.25 million deaths due to car accidents worldwide (WHO 20151) ◮ Up to 50 million nonfatal injuries each year as a result of road traffic crashes (WHO 20152) ◮ An increase in average speed of 1 km/h typically results in a 3% higher risk of a crash involving injury.(WHO 20043)

1http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/189242/1/9789241565066_eng.pdf?ua=1 2http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/189242/1/9789241565066_eng.pdf?ua=1 3http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/42871/1/9241562609.pdf Sachin Sharma – Interconnected Intelligent cars 4 / 30
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Motivation (cont.)

Introduction Motivation Approach Features Applications Challenges Conclusion Figure: What’s in front of car? 4 4https://3c1703fe8d.site.internapcdn.net/newman/csz/news/800/2013/aminicameras.jpg Sachin Sharma – Interconnected Intelligent cars 5 / 30
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Motivation (cont.)

Introduction Motivation Approach Features Applications Challenges Conclusion Figure: Rainy weather: Sensor data might not be reliable enough5 5https://www.drive-safely.net/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/the-best-vehicle- dash-camera-for-poor-weather-conditions.jpg Sachin Sharma – Interconnected Intelligent cars 6 / 30
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Motivation (cont.)

Introduction Motivation Approach Features Applications Challenges Conclusion Figure: Foggy weather : Sensor data might not be reliable enough 6 6https://www.carlightblog.com/wp- content/uploads/sites/2/2016/12/Osram_Nebel_Teaser.png Sachin Sharma – Interconnected Intelligent cars 7 / 30
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SLIDE 8

Motivation (cont.)

Introduction Motivation Approach Features Applications Challenges Conclusion Figure: What’s behind the curve? 7 7https://static.pexels.com/photos/5232/road-curve-bend-ray-of- sunshine.jpg Sachin Sharma – Interconnected Intelligent cars 8 / 30
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SLIDE 9

Motivation (cont.)

Introduction Motivation Approach Features Applications Challenges Conclusion

Some might wonder, autonomous vehicles shouldn’t be affected by rain or fog. ◮ Rely on sensors and line of sight range. ◮ Environmental impact: Noisy sensor measurements [12]. ◮ Ghost vehicles [12]

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SLIDE 10

Approach

Introduction Motivation Approach Features Applications Challenges Conclusion

Interconnected intelligent cars can be achieved by use of : ◮ Vehicle to Vehicle Communication(V2V) ◮ Vehicle to Infrastructure Communication(V2I)

Figure: V2I and V2V working in collaboration8 8https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Brian_Smith29/publication/267206181/figure/fig2/AS:295724207099907@1447517553520/Figure- 251IllustrationofV2VandV2I16.png Sachin Sharma – Interconnected Intelligent cars 10 / 30
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Approach(Cont.)

Introduction Motivation Approach Features Applications Challenges Conclusion

V2V solutions [13]: ◮ The ad-hoc based IEEE 802.11p standard(DSRC)

◮ Based on carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA)

◮ Infrastructure-based cellular technologies: long term evolution (LTE). ◮ Device-to-device communication(D2D) [14]

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Approach(Cont.)

Introduction Motivation Approach Features Applications Challenges Conclusion

Two techniques can be employed based on range of communication ◮ Single hop

Figure: Singlehop Communication [2]

A can communicate with next node/car only

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Approach(Cont.)

Introduction Motivation Approach Features Applications Challenges Conclusion

◮ Multi hop

Figure: Multihop Communication [2]

B can transmit information to C, C can transfer information to

  • A. Hence, A receives information from B.
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Features

Introduction Motivation Approach Features Applications Challenges Conclusion

The main features or data that intelligent cars share(based on DSRC [10]): ◮ Speed of car ◮ Signal timing ◮ Slippery road warning ◮ Direction of heading ◮ Messege Id

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Features (cont.)

Introduction Motivation Approach Features Applications Challenges Conclusion

◮ Break status

Figure: Break status: hard braking ahead9 9https://group.renault.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/renault- innovation-scoop-car-braking-communication.jpg Sachin Sharma – Interconnected Intelligent cars 15 / 30
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Features(Cont.)

Introduction Motivation Approach Features Applications Challenges Conclusion

◮ Blind spot warning

Figure: Blind spot warning10 10https://sumeetchhawri.files.wordpress.com/2015/07/v2x_app.png Sachin Sharma – Interconnected Intelligent cars 16 / 30
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Features(Cont.)

Introduction Motivation Approach Features Applications Challenges Conclusion

Collision avoidance and security maintenance

Click!

11 11https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WpjaEcG6I-4 Sachin Sharma – Interconnected Intelligent cars 17 / 30
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Features(Cont.)

Introduction Motivation Approach Features Applications Challenges Conclusion

Other features that can be shared: ◮ Car location [16] ◮ Path history [11] ◮ Path Indication [17] ◮ Emergency conditions: road clearance12

12http://sites.ieee.org/connected-vehicles/2015/09/30/first-toyota-cars-to-include- v2v-and-v2i-communication-by-the-end-of-2015/ Sachin Sharma – Interconnected Intelligent cars 18 / 30
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Features(Cont.)

Introduction Motivation Approach Features Applications Challenges Conclusion

Case Study: 2 cars going in opposite direction on a single lane Problem case scenario [17]

Click!

13 13https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KTBdUDBceUk Sachin Sharma – Interconnected Intelligent cars 19 / 30
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Features(Cont.)

Introduction Motivation Approach Features Applications Challenges Conclusion

Solution using coordination of vehicles for the case [17]

Click!

14 14https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KTBdUDBceUk Sachin Sharma – Interconnected Intelligent cars 20 / 30
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Applications

Introduction Motivation Approach Features Applications Challenges Conclusion

◮ Accident chances are reduced. ◮ Traffic jams can be avoided ◮ Parking assistance ◮ Platooning [15] ◮ Any problem occurred in one can be informed to other

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Challenges

Introduction Motivation Approach Features Applications Challenges Conclusion Figure: Falsify identity, position or speed15 15http://slideplayer.com/slide/6643602/23/images/45/Attack+3:+Cheating+with+Identity,+Position+or+Speed.jpg Sachin Sharma – Interconnected Intelligent cars 22 / 30
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Challenges(Cont.)

Introduction Motivation Approach Features Applications Challenges Conclusion

Few Challenges for Interconnected intelligent cars: ◮ Security & Privacy concerns ◮ Any small fault can lead to total disturbance of driving. ◮ Some times signals might not be correct. ◮ Tests are done in controlled environment ◮ Requires infrastructure help sometimes.

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Challenges(Cont.)

Introduction Motivation Approach Features Applications Challenges Conclusion

◮ LTE based V2V is still under standardization [9] ◮ Mixing with non-autonomous vehicles:

◮ 2017 Cadillac CTS: V2V communication ◮ 2017 Mercedes E-Class: V2X communication ◮ 2018 Mercedes S-Class: V2X communication

◮ Channel congestion and interference [10] ◮ Likely cost for a V2V system to the consumer at approximately $341- $350 per new vehicle in 2020 [10]

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Conclusion

Introduction Motivation Approach Features Applications Challenges Conclusion

◮ Designing such a network is a challenging task. ◮ Security and privacy can be a major concern. ◮ Autonomous vehicles can be made more effective. ◮ V2V has already been implemented by major companies. ◮ In autonomous vehicles, As of now it’s a prototype.

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Thank you for listening Any questions??

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Sources

Introduction Motivation Approach Features Applications Challenges Conclusion

[1]

Chong Yao, Jing Yao, 2016, "An improved comfortable driving model with inter-vehicle communication", Control and Automation Conference(ICCA), 12th IEEE International Conference, 2016 [2]
  • M. L. Sichitiu , M. Kihl, Inter-vehicle communication systems: a survey,
IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, v.10 n.2, p.88-105, April 2008 [3]
  • J. Luo, J. Hubaux, A Survey of Inter-Vehicle Communication, 2004.
[4] Chong Yao, Yuan Zhang, Jing Yao, 2016, "A new lane changing model with inter-vehicle communication", Control and Automation Conference(ICCA), 12th IEEE International Conference, 2016 [5]
  • M. J. Farooq, H. ElSawy, M.-S. Alouini, "A stochastic geometry model
for multi-hop highway vehicular communication", IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 2276-2291, Mar. 2016 [6]
  • S. Schwarz, T. Philosof, M. Rupp, "Signal Processing Challenges in
Cellular-Assisted Vehicular Communications: Efforts and developments within 3GPP LTE and beyond", IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, vol. 34, pp. 47-59, Mar. 2017 Sachin Sharma – Interconnected Intelligent cars 27 / 30
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Sources (cont.)

Introduction Motivation Approach Features Applications Challenges Conclusion [7] Dan Liao et.al., "Towards Location and Trajectory Privacy Preservation in 5G Vehicular Social Network", IEEE International Conference on Computational Science and Engineering (CSE) and IEEE International Conference on Embedded and Ubiquitous Computing (EUC), 2017 [8]
  • M. Chowdhury, K. Dey, "Intelligent Transportation Systems-A Frontier
for Breaking Boundaries of Traditional Academic Engineering Disciplines [Education]", Intelligent Transportation Systems Magazine IEEE, vol. 8,
  • no. 1, pp. 4-8, 2016.
[9]
  • A. Bazzi, "How many vehicles in the LTE-V2V awareness range with half
  • r full duplex radios?", 15th edition of International Conference on
Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) Telecommunications (ITST 2017), May 2017. [10] Harding, J., Powell, G., R., Yoon, R., Fikentscher, J., Doyle, C., Sade, D., Lukuc, M., Simons, J., & Wang, J. (2014, August). Vehicle-to-vehicle communications: Readiness of V2V technology for application. (Report
  • No. DOT HS 812 014). Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic
Safety Administration",August 2014. Sachin Sharma – Interconnected Intelligent cars 28 / 30
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Sources (cont.)

Introduction Motivation Approach Features Applications Challenges Conclusion [11] Hwang, Dae Sung (Hwaseong-si, KR), Noh, Dong Gyu (Dongducheon-si, KR), Ryu, Cho Rong (Incheon, KR), Park, Jong Rok (Seoul, KR), Noh, Hahk Rel (Bucheon-si, KR), Sung, Su Lyun (Anyang-si, KR) 2017 METHOD FOR CLASSIFYING TARGET USING PATH HISTORY DATA DURING V2V COMMUNICATION United States HYUNDAI MOTOR COMPANY (Seoul, KR). [12] Matthias Rockl, Thomas Strang, Matthias Kranz,"V2V Communications in Automotive Multi-sensor Multi-target Tracking", Vehicular Technology Conference, 2008. VTC 2008-Fall. IEEE 68th, 2008. [13] Zhenyu Zhou et.al.,"Social Big Data based Content Dissemination in Internet of Vehicles", IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 2017. [14]
  • M. N. Tehrani, M. Uysal, H. Yanikomeroglu, "Device-to-Device
communication in 5G cellular networks: challenges solutions and future directions", IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 52, no. 5, pp. 86-92, Feb. 2014. [15] C.Bergenhem,E.Hedin,D.Skarin,"Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communication for a Platooning System",Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, Vol. 48, 2014 Sachin Sharma – Interconnected Intelligent cars 29 / 30
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Sources (cont.)

Introduction Motivation Approach Features Applications Challenges Conclusion [16] J.Wuang et.al.,"Dynamic Clustering and Cooperative Scheduling for Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communication in Bidirectional Road Scenarios", IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems,2017 [17] Xiaotong Shen, Zhuang Jie Chong, Scott Pendleton, Wei Liu, Baoxing Qin, Guo Ming, James Fu, H. Ang Marcelo, "Multi-vehicle motion coordination using v2v communication", Intelligent Vehicles Symposium 2015 IEEE, 2015. Sachin Sharma – Interconnected Intelligent cars 30 / 30