Insulator Application in Insulator Application in Distribution - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Insulator Application in Insulator Application in Distribution - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Jun 09, 2023 208 likes •944 views

Insulator Application in Insulator Application in Distribution Distribution Research & Standardization in Eskom Distribution Welcome to the year 2 000 000 BC! CUSTOMER REQUIREMENTS 500 kVA mobile point of supply for diamond fields

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Insulator Application in Insulator Application in Distribution Distribution

Research & Standardization in Eskom Distribution

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Welcome to the year 2 000 000 BC!

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CUSTOMER REQUIREMENTS

  • 500 kVA mobile point of supply for

diamond fields in the Kimberley area;

  • Turn around time = 4 HOURS;
  • Primary voltage = 11 kV / 22 kV;
  • Secondary voltage = 400 V;
  • The solution …………?????
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MOBILE TRANSFORMER

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A Definition

  • Technology can be

described as the integration of people, knowledge, tools and systems with the

  • bjective to improve

people’s lives.

?

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The Technology Management Process

Research

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The Technology Management Process Technology selection and standardisation

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The Technology Management Process

Project design

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The Technology Management Process

Operate and maintain

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The Technology Management Process

Feedback

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The Technology Management Process Centre of expertise

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Distribution Technology Web

  • 25 Parts –Technology categories
  • Document types

– Specifications – Standards – Guidelines – Technical Bulletins – Technical Instructions – Buyers guides and accepted products

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Insulator Research

  • Done internally and externally

(manufacturer input/ international stds)

  • A 5 year plan of most pressing needs
  • Insulator working groups priorities items

from 5 year plan.

  • Research completed by insulator

research specialists in conjunction with field services and manufacturers.

  • A research report is produced at the end
  • f the research.
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Research Questions

What protection time grading is required to ensure that damage to end fittings during arc conditions are limited as not to affect the mechanical integrity and further should arcing horns be used? What is the effect on pollution performance as a result of orientation of the insulator (22 kV line post)? Can defects in porcelain/cyclo aliphatic insulator products be detected by means of non­destructive laboratory tests? Cost benefit analysis based on performance ­ at what stage does it become viable to replace? Find the criteria, which will enable an insulators remaining life and flashover performance to be predicted. Find a coating that can be applied to field­aged cycloaliphatic in a workshop environment. Does the new hydrophobic porcelain material work? Does the new hydrophobic cyclo aliphatic material work and if so what will be the benefits to the Distribution business? Brittle fracture test methodology, what should be specified? In­service test towers as an aid for obtaining field performance data Visual, IR and UV observation techniques for in­service insulators

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Pollution map

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Koeberg Insulator Testing

  • Research of insulators in the field

suggested that IEC 61109 test insulators adequately for SA conditions.

  • Particularly the accelerated aging of

composite insulators (IEC 61109 Annex C).

  • Insulators that passed Annex C were

failing in the field.

  • KIPTS ­ Natural ageing and Pollution

performance testing is born.

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Insulation performance

  • Insulation is tested based on design and

material

  • Relative performance is gauged
  • Pass/Fail criteria were setup to ensure

service life and good performance of the insulator.

  • New design methodologies for insulation

are found through the research and collaboration with manufacturers.

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What is achieved

  • Good decisions on application of

insulation materials and designs.

  • These decisions are incorporated into

insulator specifications and standards.

  • Feedback mechanisms are setup to

ensure designs are optimised.

  • More comprehensive realistic testing.
  • A set of accepted products can be put

together on a listing.

  • Education of field staff, suppliers etc.
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Feedback

  • Failures are feedback
  • Failures database
  • Investigation of failure modes
  • Expertise continually being improved.
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Insulator Audit Insulator Audit

Gareth Stanford Pr Eng. Gareth Stanford Pr Eng. Insulator Working Group Insulator Working Group IARC IARC

Acknowledgements: Acknowledgements: Dr W Vosloo, Mr R Macey Dr W Vosloo, Mr R Macey

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Insulator Audits Sheet Insulator Audits Sheet

Phase Function Cat. Fault Qty Cat. Fault Qty Cat. Fault Qty Strain Shattered Broken Sulphur Cement Melted Suspension Cracked Bent Housing to Rod Failure Support >25% Sheds Broken Pin/Clip Missing Housing Punctured Pin/Clip Not Inserted Cement Cracking Type Core Exposed Loose Bolts Seal Damaged Disc, No in string Housing Split Loose Arcing Horns Sealant Peeling Long Rod, No of sheds Core Fractured Loose Corona Ring Sealant Puncture Pin Burnt Arcing Horns Melted Line Post, No of sheds Tracking Corona Rings Melted Apparatus, No of sheds Erosion > 0.5mm Deep Power Arc Damage Cat. Fault Qty Material Insulator Skew Glass Grease Leakage Cap Corrosion Mounting Incorrect Porcelain Flashover Mark Disc Pin Corrosion Bonding Wire Broken Composite Handling Damage Flashover Mark Bonding Wire Missing Resin Moulding Defect Tie Incorrect Coated Erosion < 0.5mm Deep 3 General Corrosion Tie Loose Greased Embrittlement Tie Damaged Condition Cat. Fault Qty Polluted Chipped Eroded Conductor Damage Pollution type Sheds Broken <25% Tracked Pole Top Burning Surface Conductivity (µS) Discolouration Peeled Oil Leak Hydrophobicity Class (1­7) Chalking Oxidised (whitened) Profile Crocodile Skin Removed Alternating sheds Rodent Damage Sheds Bridged Plain sheds Ribbed sheds Cat. Fault Qty Crocodile Skin Shed clearance (mm) Discharges >25% Hydrophobicity Loss Shed spacing (mm) Conductivity >60µS Uneven Layer Shed projection (mm) Creepage distance (mm) Discharges <25% Discoloured Arcing distance (mm) Conductivity >30<60µS Chalking Corona Category 1 Replace or Correct 2 Requires Further Investigation 3 Monitor Condition Name: Sign: Date: ………………………….. 3 1 2 1 2 Electrical Activity/Conductivity 2 1 3 2 Insulator Description Defects 1 2 1 INSULATOR FIELD INSPECTION SHEET Line/Substation Equipment Tower / Pole No / Bay Voltage, Um (kV) …………………………………… ……………………………… Comments Insulator Body Metalware Interfaces 2 1 Coating/Grease Layer Other

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Shattered disc

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Cracked Porcelain Post Cracked Porcelain Post

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Broken Porcelain Sheds Broken Porcelain Sheds

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Core Exposure Core Exposure

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Burnt Burnt

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Puncture Disc Puncture Disc

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Puncture Shed Puncture Shed

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Puncture Sheath Puncture Sheath

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Core Fracture (brittle fracture) Core Fracture (brittle fracture)

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Core Fracture (handling damage) Core Fracture (handling damage)

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Core Fracture (handling damage) Core Fracture (handling damage)

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Core Fracture (bullet damage) Core Fracture (bullet damage)

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Tracking Tracking

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Flashover Mark Flashover Mark

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Flashover Mark Flashover Mark

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Erosion Erosion

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Erosion Erosion

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Sheath Split (handling damage) Sheath Split (handling damage)

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Sheath Abrasion (rope damage) Sheath Abrasion (rope damage)

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Shed torn (handling damage) Shed torn (handling damage)

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Moulding defect Moulding defect

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Moulding defect Moulding defect

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Chalking and Discolouration Chalking and Discolouration

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Chalking and Discolouration Chalking and Discolouration

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Chalking and Discolouration Chalking and Discolouration

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Rodent Damage Rodent Damage

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Embrittlement Embrittlement

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W W­ ­Clip not Inserted Clip not Inserted

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Loose Bolts Loose Bolts

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Power Arc Damage (end Power Arc Damage (end­ ­fitting melted) fitting melted)

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Power Arc Damage (corona ring melted) Power Arc Damage (corona ring melted)

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Missing Arcing Horn Missing Arcing Horn

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Loose Arcing Horn Loose Arcing Horn

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Arcing Horn Melted Arcing Horn Melted

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Loose Corona Ring Loose Corona Ring

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Corrosion Corrosion

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Corroded Pin Corroded Pin

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Bent Pin Bent Pin

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Interface Failure (rod/housing) Interface Failure (rod/housing)

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Sealant Peeling Sealant Peeling

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Mounting Incorrect (restricted movement) Mounting Incorrect (restricted movement)

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Mounting Incorrect (restricted movement and split pin) Mounting Incorrect (restricted movement and split pin)

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Partial Discharge Activity Partial Discharge Activity

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Corona Activity Corona Activity

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Tracking of Grease Layer Tracking of Grease Layer

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Uneven Grease Layer Uneven Grease Layer

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Peeling, Chalking and Discoloured coating Peeling, Chalking and Discoloured coating

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Coating with tracking and loss of hydrophobicity Coating with tracking and loss of hydrophobicity

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Questions?