Insights from the PLAN Project Karen OBrien Department of Sociology - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Insights from the PLAN Project Karen OBrien Department of Sociology - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Aug 31, 2023 105 likes •610 views

A Values-Based Approach to Adaptation: Insights from the PLAN Project Karen OBrien Department of Sociology and Human Geography University of Oslo, Norway Adaptation to climate change Adaptation is not just a list of activities

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A Values-Based Approach to Adaptation: Insights from the PLAN Project

Karen O’Brien Department of Sociology and Human Geography University of Oslo, Norway

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Adaptation to climate change

  • Adaptation is not just a ”list” of activities – it is a social

process;

  • It takes place through actions that reduce vulnerability (or

enhance resilience) in response to observed or expected changes in climate and climate variability;

  • Influenced by exterior, objective factors (systems and

behaviors), and also by interior, subjective factors (culture, values, beliefs);

  • Adaptation is already taking place, but seldom in response

to climate change alone;

  • Not all adaptations are sustainable, and some may

increase the vulnerability of others, and of future generations.

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PLAN: Overarching research questions

  • How do social processes influence the

capacity to adapt to climate change?

  • What are the limits to adaptation as a

response to changing climate conditions?

  • What are the implications of these limits

for human security?

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  • 1. Contexts for Climate Change

Adaptation in Norway

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2.The Process of Local Adaptation

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  • 3. New Public Management Reforms and

the Energy Sector

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  • 4. Urban Planning and Waterfront

Development

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  • 5. The Limits to Adaptation as a Social

Process

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  • 6. An Innovative Geographic Information

System (GIS)

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Adaptation

  • Responses to climate change impacts depend on

what the effects of climate change mean to those affected.

  • What is considered as effective and legitimate

adaptation depends on what people perceive to be worth preserving and achieving.

  • How to adapt to climate change therefore hinges on

the values underlying people’s perspectives on what the goals of adaptation should be.

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Values-Based Approach

  • Acknowledging that people see the world

differently and may prioritize different values makes it clear that climate change cannot be assessed, interpreted, and responded to in

  • ne particular way.
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Values-Based Approach

  • A focus on values and worldviews draws

attention to the possibility that efforts to satisfy one group’s values through climate policies and responses can create conflicts with the values of other groups.

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Values-Based Approach

  • Values and worldviews change over time, and

this suggests that present-day actions or inactions may be seen and judged quite differently by future generations.

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Values-Based Approach

  • Climate change itself is a challenge to

worldviews and belief systems, which may in turn lead to value changes. Climate change is likely to become increasingly visible and evident in the coming decades, and it is likely that generations growing up in years ahead will have a very different understanding of human–environment relationships.

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Values and Worldviews

  • What types of values and worldviews are

represented within our study, and among the population in Norway?

  • How do these different worldviews influence

attitudes towards adaptation, and prioritized strategies?

  • Where might we expect to find value conflicts

in adapting to climate change?

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Values and Worldviews

  • Worldviews describe the

basic assumptions and beliefs that influence people’s perceptions of the world, their behavior, and their decision-making criteria;

  • People’s conscious beliefs

about the world are closely linked to value priorities

  • Traditional, modern and

postmodern worldviews are most dominant in the world today.

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Values in Norway

  • Traditional: rural areas, nature, family
  • Modern: individualism, economic

development, material wealth, technology, scientific progress

  • Post-modern: Rejection of social

hierarchies, promotion of equity across gender and class, and between rural and urban areas.

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Snow cover changes in Norway

  • Winter temperature increases of 2.5 – 4oC by

2100;

  • More winter precipitation in eastern Norway;
  • 40% decrease in number of days with suitable

skiing conditions by 2050 (compared to 1981- 1999 period)

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Traditional values

  • Snow cover is important to

local and national identity

  • Prioritized adaptations

might preserve cultural heritage, traditional sectors, local knowledge;

  • Challenge: to transform

livelihoods and maintain identity

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Modern values

  • Snow cover as a medium

for winter sports (an important economic sector)

  • Prioritized adaptations

might focus on snow- making technologies, indoor snow domes, artificially cooled ski tracks; new sports.

  • Challenge: reconstruct or

reinvent identity (identify new or niche markets)

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Post-modern values

  • Snow cover as a

component of ecosystem integrity; distant impacts

  • f climate change also a

concern

  • Prioritized adaptations

might focus on adaptive management, building resilience, promoting sustainability.

  • Challenge: promote

mitigation as a form of adaptation

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Example 1: Measuring values: Q methodology

  • Systematic analysis of attitudes towards and

views about a topic; origin: psychology (Stephenson

1953), political science (Brown 1980)

  • Hybrid mixed method: qualitative-quantitative
  • Uses forced-choice ranking of set of

statements (or images) on a Likert-type scale

  • Uses correlation, factor analysis and rotation

to produce typified response sets to the topic in question Outcome: Factors that represent the types of attitudes (values and worldviews) held by the participants on the topic.

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How does it work?

  • Assembly of statements that represent the

‘concourse’ on a topic – all possible attitudes and views; sourced from

– Interviews – Literature – Public media

  • Participant is instructed to rank statements

into a forced-choice grid

– Prioritising of strongly agree/disagree statements – Statements eliciting indifference form the middle ground

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An example grid – 32 statements

  • 3
  • 2
  • 1

+1 +2 +3

I disagree I agree

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Examples:

Attitudes towards climate change in Norway

  • “Klimaendringer er ikke en trussel mot

menneskeheten.”

  • “Jeg stoler på at mydighetene tar ansvar for

vår felles framtid.”

  • “Det er ingen ting man kan gjøre og derfor

velger jeg å ikke bekymre meg.”

  • “Jeg tror klimautfordringene er langt større

enn vi klarer å fatte.”

  • “Andre land kan komme til å merke alvorlige

klimakonsekvenser – ikke Norge.”

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  • Can climate change responses take into

account a range of values that correspond to diverse human human needs and multiple perspectives and worldviews?

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  • Can climate change responses take into

account a range of values that correspond to diverse human needs and multiple perspectives and worldviews?

  • Whose values count?
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Example 2: Integral Adaptation Tools

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Believing is seeing

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UL: Individual & Subjective (feelings, emotions, worldviews, etc) Individual mindset

Behaviour Culture Systems

Individual Collective Subjective Objective

Experience

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Behaviour Culture Systems

Individual Collective Subjective Objective

Interviews with people that live or work in vulnerable areas about their thoughts, feelings, emotions

Map Legend:

UL: Individual & Subjective (feelings, emotions, worldviews, etc) Individual mindsets

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Psychological Dynamics Emotions & Reactivity Denial, Fear, Confusion Moral Awareness GIS  What I experience

Interviews with people that live or work in vulnerable areas about their thoughts, feelings, emotions

Map Legend: Map Media:

Interviews with people that live or work in vulnerable areas about their thoughts, feelings, emotions

Sense of agency

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Experience Behaviour Culture Systems

Individual Collective Subjective Objective LL: Collective & Subjective (shared feelings, customs, relationships Shared values and visions

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Experience Behaviour Systems

Individual Collective Subjective Objective

Map Legend:

Cultural heritage  Bryggen,

LL: Collective & Subjective (shared feelings, customs, relationships Shared values and visions

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Map Legend:

Cultural heritage  Bryggen,

LL: Collective & Subjective (shared feelings, customs, relationshi Shared values and visions

Experience Behaviour Systems

Individual Subjective Objective Map Media: http://www.stiftelsenbryggen.no/

GIS  What we experience Worldviews Ethics & Justice Naysayers

&

Yeasayers Religion

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LR: Collective & Objective (soc syst, politics, resource managem Shared actions and structure

Experience Behaviour Culture Systems

Individual Collective Subjective Objective

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LR: Collective & Objective (soc syst, politics, resource managem Shared actions and structure

Experience Behaviour Culture

Individual Collective Subjective Objective Map Legend:

Areas vulnerable to SLR

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Map Legend:

Areas vulnerable to SLR

LR: Collective & Objective (soc syst, politics, resource managem Shared actions and structure

Experience Behaviour Culture

Individual Collective Subjective Objective

GIS  What we do Ecological Analysis Scientific Funding International Dynamics

Map Media:

http://plan.uib.no

Urban Planning

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Experience Behaviour Culture Systems

Individual Collective Subjective Objective UR: Individual & Objective (objective reality; biological features) Individual Actions

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UR: Individual & Objective (objective reality; biological features) Individual Actions Map Legend:

Vulnerable Buildings,

Experience Culture Systems

Individual Collective Subjective Objective

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Experience Culture Systems

Individual Collective

Subjective Objective UR: Individual & Objective (objective reality; biological features) Individual Actions

GIS  What I do Behavioural Changes

Physiological Impact

Fossil Fuel

& Energy Us

Biodiversity Issues

Map Legend:

Vulnerable Buildings,

Map Media:

Information about behavioral changes in response to changes in market and insurances

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Result: An ”Integral GIS” to assist in adaptation decision- making

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Emerging Lessons from PLAN

  • Communication
  • Values and interests of key actors
  • Cultural change
  • Visioning the future
  • Leadership
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