Society. Evidence from Trinidad and Tobago. Dr. Wynette Harewood; Dr - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Society. Evidence from Trinidad and Tobago. Dr. Wynette Harewood; Dr - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

May 16, 2023 991 likes •1.16k views

Assessing Entrepreneurial Intentions in a Plural Society. Evidence from Trinidad and Tobago. Dr. Wynette Harewood; Dr G. Saha; Prof. F. Lin. MSBM Conference 2017 Montego Bay, Jamaica. PRESENTATION OUTLINE 1.Research Context

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Assessing Entrepreneurial Intentions in a Plural

  • Society. Evidence from Trinidad and Tobago.
  • Dr. Wynette Harewood; Dr G. Saha; Prof. F. Liñán.

MSBM Conference 2017 Montego Bay, Jamaica.

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PRESENTATION OUTLINE

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1.Research Context

  • T&T’s socio-economic environment
  • T&T’s Entrepreneurship Challenges
  • Research Questions

2.Research Model and Hypotheses 3.Methodology 4.Key Findings 5.Implications of Findings

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1.R .RESEARCH CONTEXT: : TR TRINIDAD & TOBAGO

Socio – Economic Environment

Economic

  • Oil and gas economy; downstream

industries

  • GNI per capita $US14,370 (2013).
  • Economic growth avg > 2.8 % since

1960’s

  • Low unemployment 3.7 % (2013).

Social

  • Pop 1.3million
  • Plural society (Furnivall 1948)
  • Characteristics of a plural society

(Furnivall 1948; Premdas 1996).

Entrepreneurship Challenges

1.Low entrepreneurial culture

  • 37 % adult population desire to be an entrepreneur

(Bailey, Pacheco et al. 2014 ).

  • TEA 8.5% (2014); 11.5 %( 2013).
  • To be an entrepreneur not a career choice for

university graduates (UWI 2015). 2.Inequity in business ownership amongst different ethic groups.

  • Syrian/Lebanese community disproportionally

successful as entrepreneurs( Chua and Rubenfeld 2014).

  • Under-representation of PAO in some types of

entrepreneurial activities.

November 2017 W. Harewood 3

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1.R .RESEARCH CONTEXT:Research Questio ions

  • 1. Do individuals in T&T from different ethnic backgrounds have

significantly different personal values systems regarding entrepreneurship? 2(a). Which personal values effect the entrepreneurial aspirations or intentions of Trinbagonians? 2(b). What are the strengths of the effects identified in 2(a)?

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2.

  • 2. PV

PV-EI RESEARCH MODEL

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Personal Socio – Cultural Environment

Personal Values Dimensions

Schwartz(1994)

Perceived Attitudes towards Entrepreneurship Subjective Norms Perceived Behavioural Control Entrepreneurial Intention

Liñán and Chen( 2009).

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2. . HYPOTHESES H1.The priority individuals attach to Self-transcendence value will be negatively related to Entrepreneurial Intention. H2.The priority individuals attach to Openness-to-Change values will be positively related to Entrepreneurial Intention. H3.The priority individuals attach to Self-enhancement values will be positively related to Entrepreneurial Intention. H4.The priority individuals attach to Conservation values will be negatively related to Entrepreneurial Intention. H5.Socio-cultural variables moderate the effect of personal values on Entrepreneurial Intention.

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3. . METHODOLOGY

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Survey Instrument

  • PV-EI

Questionnaire.

  • Measurement-

Likert scale.

  • 41observed

indicators.

  • Demographic data.
  • Administration-
  • n-line or pencil

paper.

Research Population

  • Working

professionals managerial positions, post- graduate studies.

  • Cross-sectional

data.

  • T&T nationals.

Data Analysis

  • SEM technique.
  • Factor analysis-

exploratory, confirmatory, group confirmatory.

  • Regression analysis
  • Path analysis.
  • Descriptive statistics.
  • SPSS AMOS18.

Reporting

  • Descriptive

statistics, validity & reliability coefficients.

  • 4 GOF Indexes
  • Statistical

significance of test result 95%, alpha level 0.05 ( one-tail test).

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4.K .KEY FIN INDINGS: : Demographic ics

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Sex n=404 % Ethnicity n=389 % Age n=404 % Employment n=411

%

Female 59 Persons of African

  • rigin

37 23-29yrs 36 Private company 51 Male 41 Persons of East Indian origin 27 30-36 yrs. 29 Public sector

  • rganisation

43 Mixed 30 37-43yrs 17 Family-owned business 5 Other 3.6 44-50yrs 10 In process of starting a new business 1 50+yrs 7

N= 411 51 % response rate

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4. . KE KEY FIN INDINGS: : Perso sonal l Valu lue Preferences

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Personal Value Types Ethnic Groups (differences in Personal Value preferences ) p value F statistic Security 5 Persons of African Origin and Mixed p= 0.03 *F (2,386) = 3.43, p =0.03 Benevolence 12 Persons of African Origin and Mixed p=0.03 *F (2,386) = 3.19, p=0.04 Achievement 13 Persons of African Origin and Persons of East Indian Origin p=0.01 *F (2,318) = 4.12, p=0.01 Power 17 Persons of African Origin and Mixed Persons of African Origin and Persons of East Indian Origin p=0.01 p=0.03 *F (2,386) = 5.29, p=0.00 Universalism 19 Persons of African Origin and Mixed Persons of East Indian Origin and Persons of African Origin p=0.00 p=0.00 *F (2,386) = 6.62, p=0.00 Hedonism 21 Persons of African Origin and Mixed p=0.00 *F (2, 386) =6.09, p=0.00 15 Personal Values (71%) NO significant differences in preferences *Significant level p < 0.05 N=411

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4.K .KEY FIN INDINGS: : Perso sonal l Val alue Preferences cont’d

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Personal Value Dimensions Ethnic Groups ( differences in Personal Value preferences) P value F statistic Self- transcendence Persons of African Origin and Mixed p=0.01 *F (2,386) = 4.42, p =0.01 Self-enhancement Persons of African Origin and Persons of East Indian Origin p=0.01 *F(2,386)=3.92,p=0.02 Conservation NO significant differences in preferences Openness –to –Change NO significant differences in preferences

*Significant level p < 0.05 N=411

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4.KEY FINDING: PV-EI PATH DIAGRAM

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R2 = = 38 % acc acceptable Not

  • te: predicator variables explain 40 % or less
  • f the outcome variable ( Liñán and Chen 2009).

Model Fit Indexes

GFI.910;CFI.948; RMSEA;.043; X2 /df 1.773 (df 352; X2 624.032; p.000)

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  • 4. KEY FINDING: Hypotheses Testing
  • H1. The priority individuals attach to Self-

transcendence value will be negatively related to Entrepreneurial Intention.

  • H2. The priority individuals attach to Openness-

to-Change values will be positively relate to EI.

  • H3. The priority individuals attach to Self-

enhancement values will be positively related to Entrepreneurial Intention.

  • H4. The priority individuals attach to

Conservation values will be negatively related to Entrepreneurial Intention.

  • H5. Socio-cultural variables moderate the effect
  • f personal values on Entrepreneurial Intention.
  • H1: not supported ..not tested .
  • H2: partial support. Affect is indirect through

antecedents.

  • H3: Supported.
  • H4: Supported.
  • H5 Partial support.

Ethnicity not a significant variable in the PV-EI relationship. Prior entrepreneurial experience is.

November 2017 W. Harewood 12

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5. . IM IMPLICATIONS OF FIN INDINGS

  • 1. Adds to the growing body of entrepreneurship research in the

English-speaking Caribbean usingpredictive, cognitive based models.

  • 2. Creates a pathway for future indigenous research on the

causal effect of personal values on entrepreneurial behaviour.

  • 3. Validate the reliability of intention-based entrepreneurial

models in different cultural environments.

  • 4. Findings can inform strategies to change the entrepreneurial mind-

set of individuals through personal value modification.

November 2017 W. Harewood 13

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THANK YOU.

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