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THE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF FINLAND – Library Network Services
THE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF FINLAND – Library Network Services
This presentation
- Overview of the ONKI project
- Linked ontology approach
- Trilingual ontology
Infrastructure Matias Frosterus, Mirja Anttila, Mikko Lappalainen, - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Infrastructure Matias Frosterus, Mirja Anttila, Mikko Lappalainen, - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Building a National Ontology Infrastructure Matias Frosterus, Mirja Anttila, Mikko Lappalainen, Susanna Nykyri, Tuomas Palonen, Sini Pessala SWIB 2013 THE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF FINLAND Library Network Services This presentation Overview
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THE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF FINLAND – Library Network Services
ONKI project
- A joint project of the National Library of Finland, the Ministry of
Finance and the Ministry of Education and Culture
- The aim is to build a reliable, centralized, national ontology
service named Finto
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THE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF FINLAND – Library Network Services
ONKI project
- What does the ONKI project offer?
- Publication of ontologies
- Using ontologies in applications through various interfaces
- The development of the General Finnish Upper Ontology YSO
- Coordination of ontology work on national scale
- Improving interoperability across the spectrum by harmonizing
annotations
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THE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF FINLAND – Library Network Services
ONKI project
- Based on the FinnONTO research project, which ran in Aalto
University and the University of Helsinki 2003-2012
- Focus on light-weight SKOS ontologies intended for
annotations
- Powered by ONKI Light
- Open source
- https://code.google.com/p/onki-light/
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THE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF FINLAND – Library Network Services
ONKI Light
Guidelines and support
Browsing
Interfaces
Ontology developers
Annota- tors
Application Developers
End users
General Upper Ontology
Finto ontology service: Users: Ontology publication
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THE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF FINLAND – Library Network Services
The second part
- Linked ontology approach
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THE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF FINLAND – Library Network Services
Linked ontology approach
Data
Metadata
Thesaurus
Data
Metadata
Thesaurus
silo silo
- What we have:
- Silos
- Expert-made thesauri
- A large amount of data and annotations
…
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THE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF FINLAND – Library Network Services
Linked ontology approach
Data
Metadata
Thesaurus
Data
Metadata
Thesaurus
- What we want:
- Eliminate the silos
- Harmonize the annotations
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THE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF FINLAND – Library Network Services
Linked ontology approach
Data
Metadata
Data
Metadata Ontology Ontology
- How?
- Ontologies are much easier to link together than thesauri
- Concepts as opposed to terms
- Explicit relations
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THE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF FINLAND – Library Network Services
Linked ontology approach
Data
Metadata
Data
Metadata Ontology Ontology
Data
Metadata Ontology
Data
Metadata Ontology
… Data
Metadata Ontology
- The problem:
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THE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF FINLAND – Library Network Services
Linked ontology approach
Data
Metadata
Data
Metadata Ontology Ontology
Data
Metadata Ontology
Data
Metadata Ontology
… Data
Metadata Ontology
- The problem:
- A lot of work!
I have an update!
I must react!
Me too! Me too! Me too!
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THE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF FINLAND – Library Network Services
Linked ontology approach
Data
Metadata
Data
Metadata
Domain Ontology Domain Ontology
Data
Metadata
Domain Ontology
Data
Metadata
Domain Ontology
… Data
Metadata
Domain Ontology
General Upper Ontology
- The approach:
- Limit the links between
the ontologies
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THE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF FINLAND – Library Network Services
Linked ontology approach
Data
Metadata
Data
Metadata
JUHO TERO Data
Metadata
LIITO Data
Metadata
MAO … Data
Metadata
AFO YSO KOKO
- In practice:
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Linked ontology approach: KOKO
Ontology Domain Concepts
YSO General upper ontology 24 800 MAO Museum artifacts 6 800 MUSO Music 1 000 TAO Design 3 000 TERO Health 6 500 VALO Photography 2 000 AFO Agriculture 7 000 JUHO Government 6 300 KAUNO Literature 5 000 KTO Linguistics 900 KITO Literary research 850 KULO Cultural research 1 500 LIITO Economics 3 000 MERO Seafaring 1 300 PUHO Military 2 000
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THE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF FINLAND – Library Network Services
Challenges to be tackled
- Propagating the changes in the upper general ontology to the
domain ontologies
- Locating the overlapping concepts between the domain
- ntologies
- Not always simple
- Labels might be misleading
- Ontological structure can help
- Coordinating the use and development of ontologies on a
national level
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THE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF FINLAND – Library Network Services
The third part
- Trilingual ontology
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THE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF FINLAND – Library Network Services
Ontology design
- The relations between concepts can be designed in several
ways
- What affects these choices?
- Corpora
- Language
- Culture
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THE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF FINLAND – Library Network Services
Trilingual ontology
- In practice
- YSO: General Finnish Upper Ontology
- ”Finnish” as a culture
- Finland has two official languages: Finnish and Swedish
- Very different from one another
- Lingua franca: English
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THE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF FINLAND – Library Network Services
YSO
- Topmost hierarchy is inspired by DOLCE
- Offers the general concepts needed for annotation in many
domains
- Complemented with a number of domain ontologies for
specific use cases
- Based on the General Finnish Thesaurus YSA
- Used and developed for decades in the annotation of all Finnish
non-fiction literature
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THE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF FINLAND – Library Network Services
Language affects the hierarchy
- Finnish word ’siirto’ means transfer
siirto maan- siirto hiusten- siirto voiman- siirto skos:broader
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THE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF FINLAND – Library Network Services
Language affects the hierarchy
- Finnish word ’siirto’ means transfer
transfer earth- moving
hair trans- plantation power trans- mission
skos:broader
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THE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF FINLAND – Library Network Services
Language affects the hierarchy
- Finnish has a single concept for rivers
- Swedish has three
- Älv = Scandinavian river situated north of Göta älv (a specific
river)
- Å = Scandinavian river situated south of Göta älv
- Flod = non-Scandinavian river
- A distinction not used in Finland
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THE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF FINLAND – Library Network Services
Culture before language
- Looking beyond the language
- Realizing that language does affect the way we perceive the
world
- Building an ontology for a specific cultural sphere
- Key to the harmonization of different annotations in different
domains
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THE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF FINLAND – Library Network Services
The development of YSO
- Mapping to other ontologies
- Mapping to LCSH is underway
- Building the guidelines for the development
- How to choose the correct approach when language clash leads
to concept clash?
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THE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF FINLAND – Library Network Services
Thank you!
matias.frosterus@helsinki.fi
- nki-posti@helsinki.fi