SLIDE 1
Hornwort and alga
Alga (Cladophora glomerata)
- fast growing abilieties
- eutrophication of waters
Hornwort (Ceratophyllum demersum)
- fast growing freshwater aquatic biomass
- high ability for nutrient acumulation
- eutrophication of waters
Influence of pyrolysis conditions on the properties of bio-chars - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Influence of pyrolysis conditions on the properties of bio-chars - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Heraklion, 27.06.2019 Waste Valorization III Influence of pyrolysis conditions on the properties of bio-chars produced from aquatic biomass alga and hornwort Jakub MOKRZYCKI, Piotr RUTKOWSKI jakub.mokrzycki@pwr.edu.pl,
SLIDE 2
SLIDE 3
PROCESS PARAMETERS
- inert atmosphere (20 dm3/h N2 flow)
- heating rate 10°C/min, residence time 1 hour
- pyrolysis (500-800°C)
Thermochemical conversion
FURNANCE
25°C 250°C 300°C 400°C 500°C 600°C 800°C
N2 N2 H2O volatile
- rganics
3/12
SLIDE 4
Hornwort and alga – chemical composition characterization
- high amounts of ash (~20%) in both hornwort and
alga
- significant difference in cellulose and hemicellulose
contents
- over 3 fold higher amount of lignin in alga in
comparison to hornwort
- higher extractives amount (20%) in hornwort than in
alga (13%)
- A. Ayeni, O. Adeeyo, O. Oresegun, T. Oladimeji, Compositional analysis of lignocellulosic
materials: Evaluation of an economically viable method suitable for woody and non-woody biomass, Am. J. Eng. Res. (2015).
Extractives Lignin Hemicellulose Cellulose Ash
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 20 5 18 40 18 13 17 41 10 20 Hornwort (H) Alga (A) [%]
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SLIDE 5
Hornwort and alga – chemical composition characterization
250 300 400 500 600 800 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
73 57 45 42 39 38 75 63 50 45 42 33
Hornwort Alga
Temperature, °C Bio-char yield, %
Solid yield after pyrolysis
250 300 400 500 600 800 0,0 10,0 20,0 30,0 40,0 50,0 60,0 70,0 0,000 0,200 0,400 0,600 0,800 1,000 1,200 18,1 10,2 12,9 12,0 16,0 7,9
22,0 19,8 20,6 19,4 20,1 8,4
Total pore area (H) Total pore area (A) Intrusion (H) Intrusion (A)
Temperature, °C Total pore area, m2/g Total intrusion volume, cm3/g
Mercury porosimetry 5/12
SLIDE 6
Hornwort and alga characteristics
250 300 400 500 600 800 7,0 8,0 9,0 10,0 11,0 12,0 13,0 14,0 7,8 8,7 10,4 10,8 11,1 11,2 7,6 8,1 9,2 9,8 12,4 13,2
Hornwort Alga
Temperature, °C pHpzc
pHpzc SEM of 800°C bio-chars Proximate analysis 6/12
20,0 25,0 30,0 35,0 40,0 45,0 50,0 55,0 60,0 0,0 10,0 20,0 30,0 40,0 50,0 60,0 70,0
Hornw
- rt
Alga
Ash (dry basis), % Volatile matter (dry basis), %
A400 A500 A600 A800 A300 A250 H250 H300 H400 H500 H600 H800
SLIDE 7
Hornwort and alga characteristics
FTIR
Sample
Cdaf Hdaf Odiff Ndaf Sd % % % % %
Hornwort
45.5 6.1 42.5 5.3 0.64
H500
59.0 3.1 31.3 6.0 0.37
H600
60.9 2.3 30.9 5.2 0.42
H800
64.0 1.6 29.7 3.9 0.40
Alga
38.8 5.9 49.3 4.0 1.62
A500
55.2 2.8 31.9 5.0 2.97
A600
60.8 2.2 26.5 4.8 3.08
A800
73.3 2.2 12.2 4.2 3.49
daf - dry ash-free basis, diff – calculated by difference, d – dry basis
Ultimate analysis Van Krevelen diagram 7/12
SLIDE 8
„Single point” adsorption of dyes
Initial concentration: 100 mg/dm3 Initial solution pH value: 7.73 Mass of bio-char: 0.1 g Solution volume: 100 cm3 Sorption time: 24 h 500 600 800 0,0 10,0 20,0 30,0 40,0 50,0 60,0 70,0 80,0 90,0 100,0 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
0,1 0,6 7,6 0,0 1,6 33,6
Hor nwo rt Alga
Temperature, °C % removed solution pH 500 600 800 0,0 10,0 20,0 30,0 40,0 50,0 60,0 70,0 80,0 90,0 100,0 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
8,8 10,7 12,1 7,3 13,9 23,8
Hor nwo rt Alga
Temperature, °C % removed solution pH Initial concentration: 50 mg/dm3 Initial solution pH value: 7.77 Mass of bio-char: 0.1 g Solution volume: 100 cm3 Sorption time: 24 h
Phenol Methylene blue 8/12
SLIDE 9
„Single point” adsorption of herbicides
500 600 800 0,0 10,0 20,0 30,0 40,0 50,0 60,0 70,0 80,0 90,0 100,0 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
3,2 5,1 12,8 8,2 2,7 0,0
Hor nwo rt Alga
Temperature, °C % removed solution pH 500 600 800 0,0 10,0 20,0 30,0 40,0 50,0 60,0 70,0 80,0 90,0 100,0 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
2,5 4,4 14,1 6,6 3,6 0,0
Hor nwo rt Alga
Temperature, °C % removed solution pH
Atrazine Isoproturon
Initial concentration: 10 mg/dm3 Initial solution pH value: 7.70 Mass of bio-char: 0.1 g Solution volume: 100 cm3 Sorption time: 24 h Initial concentration: 10 mg/dm3 Initial solution pH value: 7.68 Mass of bio-char: 0.1 g Solution volume: 100 cm3 Sorption time: 24 h
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SLIDE 10
„Single point” adsorption of heavy metal
Cr3+
Initial concentration: 300 mg/dm3 Initial solution pH value: 4.61 Mass of bio-char: 0.1 g Solution volume: 100 cm3 Sorption time: 24 h 0,0 10,0 20,0 30,0 40,0 50,0 60,0 70,0 80,0 90,0 100,0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
6,9 6,0 4,9 26,2
21,5 28,8 Hornwort Alga Hornwort Alga
Temperature, °C % removed solution pH
4cm3 10min 80°C bio-char EDTA 0.095g 24h Cr3+ 300mg/L 0.1g
10/12
SLIDE 11
Conclusions
- high amounts of ash in bio-chars derived from aquatic biomass (up to 57%), is a result
- f presence of silica (from diatoms) and alkali metals oxides
- alkali metals oxides presence results in high pHpzc values of obtained bio-chars
(up to 13)
- bio-chars were examined in „single point” adsorption of dyes: i) phenol and methylene
blue, ii) herbicides: atrazine, isoproturon, iii) heavy metal: Cr3+
- significant coefficient between the pHpzc value and sorption capacity was observed
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SLIDE 12