(Indonesian Conditional Cash Transfers) Bridging Children to Access - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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(Indonesian Conditional Cash Transfers) Bridging Children to Access - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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PROGRAM KELUARGA HARAPAN (Indonesian Conditional Cash Transfers) Bridging Children to Access Health and Education Presented to International Labor Organization (ILO) Conference Le Meridien, Jakarta, 13 December 2011 Harapan Lumban Gaol

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UPPKH PUSAT – KEMENTERIAN SOSIAL

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Harapan Lumban Gaol

Deputy Director for Indonesian CCT Program Ministry of Social Affairs

Presented to International Labor Organization (ILO) Conference

Le Meridien, Jakarta, 13 December 2011

PROGRAM KELUARGA HARAPAN (Indonesian Conditional Cash Transfers)

Bridging Children to Access Health and Education

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UPPKH PUSAT – KEMENTERIAN SOSIAL

PROGRAM KELUARGA HARAPAN (PKH)

(Conditional Cash Transfer)

PKH is a social security program that provides conditional cash transfer to selected very poor households (RTSM). In return they have to meet specific conditions and improve the quality of human capital in education and health. Beneficiaries are those having: pregnant and lactating mothers, children under five years old, children enrolled in primary and secondary schools, or children between 15-18 year of age who have not completed primary schools.

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UPPKH PUSAT – KEMENTERIAN SOSIAL

Conditions to be met by beneficiaries:

  • Pregnant mothers and toddlers should visit the

community health centres (Posyandu/Puskesmas) to have their pregnancy and health examined.

  • Children of PKH beneficiaries should be enrolled in

schools and must attend at least 85% of school days per month.

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UPPKH PUSAT – KEMENTERIAN SOSIAL

Cash Scenario

Note:

  • Maximum payment for each RTSM is Rp. 2,200,00, with 3 children.
  • Health related cash transfer is eligible for RTSM with children under 6 years and/or

pregnant/lactating mothers.

  • Amount of payment are not based on the number of children .

Payment Scenario Payment amount for RTSM per year (RP)

Fixed Payment 200.000 Payment for RTSM with:

  • a. Pregnant/lactating mothers and/or children

under 6 years 800.000

  • b. Children attending primary schools (SD/MI)

400.000

  • c. Children attending secondary schools (SMP/MTs)

800.000 Minimum payment for each RTSM 600.000 Maximum payment for each RTSM 2.200.000

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UPPKH PUSAT – KEMENTERIAN SOSIAL

STAKEHOLDERS INVOLVED

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UPPKH PUSAT – KEMENTERIAN SOSIAL

Role of Line Ministries

PKH Beneficiaties (Demand Side) Health Facilities, Education, Shelter (Supply Side)

Ministry of Social Affairs

Ministry of Health Ministry of Education Ministry of Religion Affairs Ministry of Manpower & Transmigration Local Government Targeting, validation, payment, data verification, facilitation, compliance monitoring, penalties

  • Service providers of health facilities,

education, shelter, verification of compliance

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UPPKH PUSAT – KEMENTERIAN SOSIAL

STAKEHOLDERS AND COORDINATION

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UPPKH PUSAT – KEMENTERIAN SOSIAL

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PROGRAM COMPLEMENTARITY

PKH

EDUCATION ASSISTANCE FOR POOR (BSM)

RICE FOR POOR (RASKIN)

HEALTH SECURITY FOR POOR (JAMKESMAS)

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UPPKH PUSAT – KEMENTERIAN SOSIAL

ACHIEVEMENT

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UPPKH PUSAT – KEMENTERIAN SOSIAL

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Allocation number of RTSM (thousand) 500 642 720 816 1.116 Budget allocation (Rp billion) 800 1.000 1.100 1.300 1.600 Provinces 7 13 13 20 25 Districts/Cities 48 70 70 88 119 Subdistricts 337 637 781 946 1.151 Village/Kelurahan 4.311 7.654 9.068 11.080 13.641

DATA & TARGET 2007-2011

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In 2012 PKH will cover 33 provinces and become national program

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UPPKH PUSAT – KEMENTERIAN SOSIAL

2007 2008 2009 2010 Total expenditure (Nominal, IDR billion) 605 946 1,068 1,123 Percentage from MOSA’s total expenditure (%) 21.9 29.5 32.8 30.1 Percentage from total national expenditure for social assistance (%) 4.3 2.9 3.9 4.3 Percentage from national budget (%) 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 Beneficiaries/households) (thousands) 387 405 675 810 Average of cash per beneficiaries (IDR million) 1.28 1.99 1.36 1.15 Unit cost (Total expenditure/number of recipients, IDR million) 1.56 2.33 1.58 1.39 Admin cost per beneficiaries (Non-benefits/number of recipients, IDR million) 274 338 220 237 Admin overhead ratio (Non-benefits/total expenditure, %) 18 15 14 17 …admin cost ratio decreases gradually. Admin cost ratio PKH is reasonable as a pilot program. In some literatures admin cost is about 6-12%

Indicator

The World Bank, 2011

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UPPKH PUSAT – KEMENTERIAN SOSIAL

Compliance Verification Results

% of verified PKH beneficiaries

Result of spot check showed that majority of PKH beneficiaries know about the conditions to be fulfilled

2010 - I 2010 - II 2010 - III 2010 -IV 2011 -I 2011 -II 2011 - III 41 82 79 86 73 91 80

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UPPKH PUSAT – KEMENTERIAN SOSIAL

Penalties to beneficiaries not fulfilled the conditions

% of Beneficiaries that have been given penalties

Penalties applied: deduction

  • f payment

There are no penalties at first

  • installment. Verification is

conducted after the payment

  • f 1st installment

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4 8 12 16 2010 - I 2010 - II 2010 - III 2010 - IV 12.7 7.2 8.2

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Several impact evaluations

  • Final evaluation report on Social Security Programm : Program Keluarga

Harapan 2009 (BAPPENAS)

  • PKH final report on Spot Check PKH 200(Ministry of Social Affairs, PKH)
  • PKH Spot Check 2010 (Research Centre of Health, Universitas Indonesia)
  • PKH Final Impact Evaluation Report of Indonesia’s Household Conditional

Cash Transfer Program (World Bank 2010)

  • PKH Operational Assessment reports (Ayala 2010, Tarcisio 2010)
  • ADB Pro-Poor Planning and Budgeting Project Working Paper 5 – Two case

studies on implementing Indonesian CCT program (BAPPENAS)

  • Qualitative Impact Study for PNPM Generasi and PKH on the Provision and

the Utilization of Maternal and Child Health Services and Basic Education Services in the Provinces of West Java and East Nusa Tenggara (SMERU 2011)

  • PKH PER Report Draft (World Bank 2011)
  • Report on PKH Spot Check in 7 Districts 2011(TNP2K)

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Collected by TNP2K, 2011

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UPPKH PUSAT – KEMENTERIAN SOSIAL

Impact on Health

  • Number of visit of pregnant/lactating mothers to the health facilities have

increased 7-9 percentage points

  • Number of babies/toddlers weighed have increased about 15-22

percentage points

  • Delivery/labor process assisted by professional health staff increased 6

percentage of points;

  • Delivery/labor process at healt facilities increased 5 percentage poitns;
  • Impact of PKH are more convincing in areas with better health facilities:
  • There is significant spillover effect of PKH on the utilization of health

facilities at non PKH Sub Districts

  • Impact in urban area are better than in rural area
  • Long-term impact on health is not yet known. It can be seen after 1-3

years of program implementation

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Collected by TNP2K, 2011

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UPPKH PUSAT – KEMENTERIAN SOSIAL PKH Health Impacts…

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PKH Health Impacts (% of baseline value)

  • 0.05

0.05 0.15 0.25 0.35 0.45 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Direct PKH Beneficiaries Non-beneficiaries in PKH areas

  • 1. Pre-natal

visits

  • 2. Pre-natal

visits ≥ 4

  • 3. Delivery at

facility

  • 4. Post-natal

visits

  • 5. Post-natal

visits ≥ 2

  • 6. Weighings ≥

1 (1-3 yrs)

  • 7. Weighings ≥

1 (0-5 yrs

  • 8. Public health

facility

  • utpatient

visits

  • 9. Public health

facility

  • utpatient

visits (all HH members)

  • 10. Private

health facility

  • utpatient

visits (all HH members)

  • 11. Weight
  • 12. Diarrhea
  • 13. Treated

Diarrhea.

  • 14. Fever

Program and Public Expenditure Review The World Bank , 2011

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UPPKH PUSAT – KEMENTERIAN SOSIAL

To Improve RTSM in Health Expenditure

Baseline share of Total Expenditure PKH Beneficiary Spillover Share after PKH impacts added Food expenditure 0.65 0.62 0.68 Non-food 0.35 0.38 0.32 Education 0.05 0.04 0.04 Health expenditure 0.02 0.04 0.03

Beneficiaries increase their health expenditure for 2% (2 percentage points) , but those eligible non beneficiaries living in non PKH areas do not. 17

The World Bank, 2011

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UPPKH PUSAT – KEMENTERIAN SOSIAL

Expenditure Impact …

  • 0.80
  • 0.60
  • 0.40
  • 0.20

0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60

Total Food Non-food Health Education Tobacco Alcohol Protein (share)

Direct PKH beneficiaries Non-beneficiaries in PKH areas

67% Shares in total expenditure (pre-PKH) 33% 4.7% 2.4% 1.7% <0.1%

PKH expenditure Impacts (% of baseline value)

  • Total expenditure of

beneficiaries’ households increase 10% compared to previous expenditures

  • Health expenditure even

increase to 65%.

  • Household expenditure for

high protein foods increase to 7%.

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The World Bank, 2011

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UPPKH PUSAT – KEMENTERIAN SOSIAL

  • Increase children aged between 6-15 to attend the schools
  • There is no visible increase of enrollment at primary or

secondary schools level, due to: – Participation at primary schools have been high – Schedule of payments are less suitable with the schedule

  • f enrollment (April-May);

– Amount of payment are not enough for enrollment

  • There is no significant spillover effect of PKH on the

reduction of child labor

  • Encourage the local government to map the child labor,

street children and children with special needs and to provide the suitable education facilities.

Impact of PKH on Education

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UPPKH PUSAT – KEMENTERIAN SOSIAL

No Positive impact on Education

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The World Bank, 2011

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Other Achievements

  • PKH supports advocacy for the poor: ID cards,

birth certificates

  • PKH insist local governments to allocate

budgets for social development

  • PKH has successfully been integrated into
  • ther programs (convergences)

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International Supports

  • GIZ provides midterm technical assistances
  • Unicef pilots stanting elimination
  • The World Bank executes researches and

raises ideas for mobile payments

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THE WAY FORWARD

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2011 2012 2013 2014 Beneficiaries

1.116.000 1.516.000 1.750.000 2.400.000 3.000.000

Provincies 25 33 33 33 33 Districts 118 166 218 350 430 Sub Districts 1.151 1.151 1.909 2.667 3.342 Villages 13.641 21.471 29.301 37.131 Budget (Trillion) 1.6 1.88 2.1 3.2 4.2

Expansion Plan*)

*) Roadmap PKH: Toward 3 mio meneficiaries by 2014

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UPPKH PUSAT – KEMENTERIAN SOSIAL

CHALLENGES

  • Strengthening the Institutions and Human

Resources Development

  • Strengthening the coordination between

national and regional level

  • Expansion to all districts in 2014, supply sides

availability

  • Appropriate Exit Strategy and Convergence

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UPPKH PUSAT – KEMENTERIAN SOSIAL

KONDISI TERKINI PELAKSANAAN PROGRAM KELUARGA HARAPAN (PKH)

Thank you Terima Kasih

www.pkh.depsos.go.id hlgaol@yahoo.com

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